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Great American Business Leaders of the 20th Century

 
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106 Results
Kenneth S. Adams
Phillips Petroleum Company, 1938–1951
Winthrop W. Aldrich
Chase National Bank, 1930–1953
Howard L. Aller
American Power and Light Company, 1935–1951
Beatrice F. Auerbach
G. Fox & Company, 1938–1965
Sewell L. Avery
Montgomery, Ward and Company, 1936–1955
Stephen D. Bechtel
Betchel Corporation, 1935–1960
Garner A. Beckett
American Cement Corporation, 1936–1957
Arnold O. Beckman
Beckman Instruments, 1935–1982
Sosthenes Behn
International Telephone and Telegraph, 1933–1956
Robert F. Bensinger
Brunswick, 1930–1963
John D. Biggers
Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company, 1930–1953
Harold Boeschenstein
Owens-Corning Fiberglass Company, 1938–1963
J. Chadbourn Bolles
Chadbourn, 1936–1970
Thomas E. Braniff
Braniff Airways, 1930–1954
Alvin G. Brush
American Home Products, 1935–1965
Arde Bulova
Bulova Watch Company, 1930–1958
Leo Burnett
Leo Burnett Company, 1935–1971
Curtis L. Carlson
Gold Bond Stamp Company / Carlson Companies, 1938–1998
Louis S. Cates
Phelps-Dodge Company, 1930–1947
Martin W. Clement
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 1935–1948
Samuel B. Colgate
Colgate-Palmolive Company, 1933–1938
John L. Collyer
B. F. Goodrich Company, 1939–1953
Herman Cone II
Cone Mills Corporation, 1938–1950
Charles L. Coughlin
Briggs & Stratton Corporation, 1935–1970
Frederick C. Crawford
Thompson Products, 1933–1958
Richard J. Cullen
International Paper Company, 1936–1948
Bernard M. Culver
Continental Insurance Company, 1932–1946
Nathan Cummings
Consolidated Foods, 1939–1975
C. Donald Dallas
Revere Copper and Brass, 1931–1947
Richard R. Deupree
Procter & Gamble Company, 1930–1948
Alfred B. Dick Jr.
A. B. Dick and Company, 1934–1947
Arthur C. Dorrance
Campbell Soup Company, 1930–1946
Willard H. Dow
Dow Chemical Corporation, 1930–1947
Victor Emanuel
AVCO, 1939–1960
Max (Francis) Factor, Jr.
Max Factor Company, 1938–1973
Benjamin F. Fairless
United States Steel Corporation, 1935–1953
William S. Farish
Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1937–1942
Herman G. Fisher
Fisher-Price Toy Company, 1930–1966
Clarence Francis
General Foods Corporation, 1935–1943
Jack Frye
Trans-World Airlines, 1934–1947
Walter D. Fuller
Curtis Publishing Company, 1933–1957
Ernest Gallo
Gallo (E. & J.) Winery, 1933–1993
Arthur G. Gaston
Booker T. Washington Insurance, 1932–1987
Lawrence M. Giannini
Bank of America, 1936–1952
Tom M. Girdler
Republic Steel Corporation, 1930–1937
Albert H. Gordon
Kidder, Peabody Group, 1931–1968
James A. Gray, Jr.
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1935–1949
Robert E. Gross
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1934–1956
Ray W. Herrick
Tecumseh Products, 1930–1972
Leon Hess
Amerada Hess, 1933–1995
Andrew J. Higgins
Higgins Industries, 1930–1952
Paul G. Hoffman
Studebaker Corporation, 1935–1948
Charles R. Hook
Armco Steel Company, 1930–1948
Amory Houghton
Corning Glass Company, 1930–1960
Howard R. Hughes, Jr.
Hughes Aircraft Company, 1933–1976
Haroldson L. Hunt
Hunt Oil Company, 1936–1974
Robert W. Johnson, Jr.
Johnson & Johnson Company, 1932–1938
Jesse H. Jones
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 1933–1939
Daniel C. Keefe
Ingersoll-Rand Company, 1936–1954
Kaufman T. Keller
Chrysler Corporation, 1935–1950
John S. (Jack) Knight
Knight-Ridder Corporation, 1933–1969
Herbert V. Kohler
Kohler Company, 1937–1968
Edwin H. Land
Polaroid Corporation, 1937–1980
William P. Lear
Lear, 1939–1967
Eli Lilly II
Eli Lilly & Company, 1932–1969
Leroy A. Lincoln
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1936–1951
Daniel K. Ludwig
National Bulk Carriers, 1936–1987
John H. MacMillan, Jr.
Cargill, 1936–1960
David H. McConnell, Jr.
Avon Products, 1937–1944
James S. McDonnell
McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, 1939–1967
Richard K. Mellon
Mellon National Bank, 1934–1946
Theodore G. Montague
Borden, 1937–1955
Ernest E. Norris
Southern Railway System, 1937–1952
John K. Northrop
Northrop Aircraft, 1937–1959
David Packard
Hewlett-Packard Company, 1939–1968
William A. Patterson
United Airlines, 1934–1963
Milton J. Petrie
Petrie Stores, 1932–1993
Elmer F. Pierson
The Vendo Company, 1937–1974
Robert A. Pinkerton II
Pinkerton's, 1930–1966
Charles H. Revson
Revlon, 1932–1974
Edward V. Rickenbacker
Eastern Airlines, 1938–1953
Willard F. Rockwell
Rockwell International, 1933–1967
Henry A. Roemer
Sharon Steel Corporation, 1931–1957
James W. Rouse
Rouse Company, 1939–1979
Joseph P. Routh
Pittston Company, 1939–1976
Featured Profile
Margaret F. Rudkin

Pepperidge Farm, 1937–1960

Margaret F. Rudkin
Pepperidge Farm, 1937–1960
David Sarnoff
Radio Corporation of America, 1930–1966
John G. Searle
Searle (G. D.) and Company, 1936–1972
Robert F. Six
Continental Airlines, 1938–1980
Matthew S. Sloan
Missouri-Kansas-Texas Lines, 1933–1944
Cyrus R. Smith
American Airlines, 1934–1968
Joseph P. Spang, Jr.
Gillette Company, 1938–1955
Harold Stanley
Morgan, Stanley and Company, 1935–1955
Elbridge H. Stuart
Carnation Company, 1932–1971
Gustavus F. Swift, Jr.
Swift and Company, 1931–1937
Joe C. Thompson, Jr.
Southland Corporation, 1931–1961
Erwin C. Uihlein
Schlitz Brewing Company, 1933–1961
Guy W. Vaughan
Curtiss-Wright Aircraft Company, 1935–1949
Charles R. Walgreen, Jr.
Walgreen Company, 1939–1969
Dwane L. Wallace
Cessna Aircraft Company, 1936–1975
Walter H. Wheeler, Jr.
Pitney-Bowes, 1938–1971
Carl E. Wickman
Greyhound Corporation, 1930–1946
Langbourne M. Williams, Jr.
Freeport Sulphur Company, 1933–1958
Horace C. Wright
Sunbeam Corporation, 1935–1961
Robert R. Young
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, 1937–1954
Samuel M. Zemurray
United Fruit Company, 1938–1951
Load More

Heavy government influence; Great Depression; union progress; technology adaptation; migration

Demographics
Influence: Medium-Low

Westward migration of midwestern farmers and laborers for employment and better climate

Massive dust storms uproot millions

Smallest ten-year increase in population: 123-132 million

Full Century

Technology
Influence: Medium

Advances in aviation

Nylon

Fiberglass

Instant photography

Air-conditioning begins to realize commercial potential

Full Century

Social Mores
Influence: Medium

Escapism in radio serials

Prohibition repealed

Golden age of movies

Full Century

Government Intervention
Influence: High

The New Deal

Commercial and investment banking separated

Reconstruction Finance Corp. created to combat bank and business failures

Introduction of Federal Deposit Insurance

SEC established

Federal regulations prohibit false advertising

Full Century

Labor
Influence: High

Unemployment peaks at 25%

Unions surge, adding 7 million members in a single year

Sit-down strikes at GM and other auto makers

Government work programs launched: CCC, PWA, WPA

CIO union created

NLRB created

Fair Labor Standards Act sets minimum wage

Full Century

Global Events
Influence: Medium-Low

Increased tariff protection through Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

Continued isolationism

Full Century

View Full Century

the 20th Century Zeitgeist

Demographics
  • Demographics
  • Technology
  • Social Mores
  • Government Intervention
  • Labor
  • Global Events
Influence: High
190019

8.8 million immigrants arrive throughout decade

Cities expand

Population grows from 76 to 92 million

Rural Free Delivery routes added

Influence: Medium
10191019

Anti-immigration sentiment peaks during WWI

Great Migration begins as African-Americans relocate from rural South to northern cities

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

Population of urban centers overtakes that of rural communities

Tight immigration restrictions

Increase in divorce rates

Influence: Medium-Low
30193019

Westward migration of midwestern farmers and laborers for employment and better climate

Massive dust storms uproot millions

Smallest ten-year increase in population: 123-132 million

Influence: Medium-High
40194019

Baby boom begins

Suburbs start to form

Influence: High
50195019

Medical advances extend life expectancy

More people now live in suburbs than cities

Population soars to 179 million

largest ten-year increase

Influence: High
60196019

Baby boom tapers off

Emigration from Asia and Latin America surges

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

Urban blight

Rust Belt

Influence: Medium-High
80198019

Population migrates to West and Southwest

Influence: High
901990

Immigration tops 9 million (largest number since first decade)

Baby boomers age

Hispanics become fastest-growing minority

Population grows from 250 million to 281 million

Influence: Medium-High
190019

Model T

Plastic

Safety razor

Widespread use of steam engine, electricity, and openhearth furnace allows businesses to expand nationwide

Influence: Medium
10191019

First widespread use of auto assembly line

Self-starter increases popularity of automobile

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

KDKA, first radio station

First talking movie,

Influence: Medium
30193019

Advances in aviation

Nylon

Fiberglass

Instant photography

Air-conditioning begins to realize commercial potential

Influence: High
40194019

Planes and ships built in less than a day for the war effort

Atomic bomb

ENIAC computer

Penicillin used extensively to treat soldiers' infections

Synthetic rubberx

Influence: High
50195019

Television sales expand dramatically

Transistors used in portable radios and calculators

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Man walks on the moon

Color TV market grows

Microchips expand possibilities in electronics industry

Integrated circuit boards replace transistor technology

First ATM installed

Influence: Medium
70197019

Beginning of biotech industry

Fiber-optic wire

Pong (first video game)

UPC bar code

Supercomputer

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Software industry booms

PC use expands in scale and scope

CAD/CAM revolutionizes manufacturing

Space shuttle

Influence: Medium-High
901990

Boom in connectivity

Cloning, stem cell research

DVDs

Influence: Medium
190019

Progressivism

The Jungle sparks food and work safety movement

Influence: Low
10191019

Sedition Act

Prohibition begins

Red Scare

Race riots

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

Social divisions arise between rural and urban areas

Women's suffrage

Harlem Renaissance

Rampant bootlegging and organized crime

Influence: Medium
30193019

Escapism in radio serials

Prohibition repealed

Golden age of movies

Influence: Medium-Low
40194019

Patriotism soars

GI Bill

Influence: Medium-Low
50195019

Social conformity

McCarthyism

Membership in organized religion soars

Brown v. Board of Education desegregated public schools>

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Civil rights movement gain strength

Antiwar sentiment divides electorate

FDA approves oral contraceptive pill

Influence: High
70197019

National Organization for Women mobilizes for Equal Rights Amendment

Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion

Social discord continues over Vietnam War and civil rights

Watergate scandal undermines faith in authority

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Moral Majority

"Me" generation

Focus on training and fitness

Income gap widens dramatically

AIDS

Influence: High
901990

Internet "irrational exuberance"

Antigovernment sentiment: Waco standoff; Oklahoma City bombing

Influence: Medium-Low
190019

First significant enforcement of Sherman Antitrust Act

Pure Food and Drug Act; breakup of beef trust

Excise Tax imposed on corporations

Tariff Act forces corporations to open their books for government inspection

Influence: High
10191019

Breakup of Standard Oil and American Tobacco

Clayton Antitrust Act

Federal Reserve Act

First Federal-Aid Highway Act

Federal Trade Commission established

Personal income tax reinstituted

Influence: Low
20192019

U.S. Steel and Alcoa withstand antitrust accusations

Personal and corporate tax rates cut

Airmail service starts

Influence: High
30193019

The New Deal

Commercial and investment banking separated

Reconstruction Finance Corp. created to combat bank and business failures

Introduction of Federal Deposit Insurance

SEC established

Federal regulations prohibit false advertising

Influence: Low
40194019

Military spending explodes

Graduated income tax, Victory Tax adopted to fund war effort

Rationing

Influence: Medium-Low
50195019

Military spending shifts to nuclear deterrents

Small Business Administration created

Influence: Medium
60196019

Great Society

Consumer and environmental protection movements strengthen

Vehicle Safety Act and Highway Safety Act

Closing merger loophole opens door for conglomerate business model

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

Deregulation of oil and airline industries

New energy policies and programs

Stagflation cripples economy

Environmental protection weakened

Price controls

Influence: Low
80198019

Reaganomics

Heavy defense and deficit spending

Savings and Loan bailout

Chrysler bailout

Breakup of AT&T

Influence: Medium-Low
901990

Family and Medical Leave Act

Americans with Disabilities Act

Welfare reform

Antitrust action initiated against Microsoft

Influence: Medium-Low
190019

Fewer than 500,000 union members

Department of Commerce and Labor created

Influence: Medium
10191019

Ford doubles factory wages and shortens workday

Labor Secretary position created

Worker shortage: Unions double membership and increase wages

Influence: Medium-Low
20192019

Union membership declines sharply

Minimum wage and maximum working hour legislation overturned

Influence: High
30193019

Unemployment peaks at 25%

Unions surge, adding 7 million members in a single year

Sit-down strikes at GM and other auto makers

Government work programs launched: CCC, PWA, WPA

CIO union created

NLRB created

Fair Labor Standards Act sets minimum wage

Influence: Low
40194019

Rosie the Riveter

Postwar strikes

Productivity surge

Government backlash against postwar union movement

Influence: Medium
50195019

The Organization Man

Union membership peaks

The AFL merges with the CIO: 15 million members

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Factory automation slashes jobs

Service industry outpaces growth in manufacturing

Civil Rights Act

Equal Pay Act

Unions concentrated in big businesses

Formation of United Farm Workers union

Influence: Medium
70197019

Wage controls

OSHA created

Service economy expands

Women enter the workforce in large numbers

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Air traffic controllers' union dismantled

Union representation drops

Information technology redistributes job functions

Influence: Low
901990

Reengineering

Record high employment

Service sector outpaces manufacturing in new job creation

Influence: Low
190019

U.S. begins construction of Panama Canal

Influence: High
10191019

War Industries Board coordinates activities among labor, government, and business for WWI

Cost-plus contracts introduced

Protectionist tariffs reduced

Influence: Medium-Low
20192019

Isolationism

U.S. restores high tariffs

U.S. pushes for debt recovery

Allied nations seek war reparations from Axis powers

Influence: Medium-Low
30193019

Increased tariff protection through Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

Continued isolationism

Influence: High
40194019

War Production Board readies nation for WWII

U.S. becomes a global power

Creation of IMF and World Bank

Marshall Plan

Cold war begins

Influence: Medium-High
50195019

Cold war escalates

Korean War forces another mobilization effort

Influence: High
60196019

Cold war continues to build

Bay of Pigs invasion; Cuban Missile Crisis

Vietnam War escalates

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

OPEC oil crisis

Vietnam War ends

Iran hostage crisis

Imports outpace exports

Influence: Medium-High
80198019

Berlin wall falls

End of cold war

Iran-Contra Affair

Influence: High
901990

USSR dismantled; ethnic conflicts exposed

Gulf War: real-time TV coverage

Asian financial crisis

NAFTA enacted

European Union forms

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