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Great American Business Leaders of the 20th Century

 
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A
 
Robert S. Abbott
Chicago Defender, 1905–1940
 
Benjamin Abrams
Emerson Radio & Phonograph Corporation, 1922–1966
 
Leonard Abramson
US Healthcare, 1975–1996
 
Kenneth S. Adams
Phillips Petroleum Company, 1938–1951
 
Thomas Adams, Jr.
American Chicle Company, 1899–1922
 
Terrence E. Adderley
Kelly Services, 1967–Present
 
Howard F. Ahmanson
H. F. Ahmanson & Company, 1927–1968
 
Lester M. Alberthal, Jr.
Electronic Data Systems, 1986–1998
 
Winthrop W. Aldrich
Chase National Bank, 1930–1953
 
Archie A. Alexander
Alexander & Repass, 1914–1954
 
Henry C. Alexander
Morgan Guaranty Trust, 1959–1967
 
William M. Allen
Boeing Company, 1945–1969
 
Howard L. Aller
American Power and Light Company, 1935–1951
 
Stanley C. Allyn
National Cash Register Company, 1940–1961
 
Arthur E. Andersen
Arthur Andersen and Company, 1913–1947
 
Robert O. Anderson
Atlantic Richfield Company, 1965–1982
 
Paul R. Andrews
Prentice-Hall, 1965–1970
 
Walter H. Annenberg
Triangle Publications, 1942–1968
 
Elizabeth Arden
Elizabeth Arden Company, 1910–1966
 
J. Ogden Armour
Armour and Company, 1901–1923
 
C. Michael Armstrong
American Telephone and Telegraph, 1997–2002
 
Desiderio A. Arnaz
Desilu Productions, 1950–1962
 
Roy L. Ash
Litton Industries, 1961–1972
 
Mary Kay Ash
Mary Kay Cosmetics, 1963–1987
 
H. Brewster Atwater, Jr.
General Mills, 1981–1995
 
Beatrice F. Auerbach
G. Fox & Company, 1938–1965
 
J. Paul Austin
Coca-Cola Company, 1966–1980
 
Sewell L. Avery
Montgomery, Ward and Company, 1936–1955
B
 
Earl D. Babst
American Sugar Refining, 1915–1937
 
Jules S. Bache
J. S. Bache & Company, 1892–1944
 
Leo H. Baekeland
Bakelite Corporation, 1909–1939
 
Melvin H. Baker
National Gypsum Company, 1928–1951
 
Frank C. Ball
Ball Brothers Company, 1887–1943
 
Ian K. Ballantine
Ballantine Books, 1952–1974
 
Louis F. Bantle
UST, 1973–1993
 
Ohio C. Barber
Diamond Match Company, 1888–1909
 
Don H. Barden
Barden Communications, 1981–Present
 
Enos M. Barton
Western Electric Company, 1886–1908
 
Bruce Barton
Batten, Barton, Durstine and Osborn, 1919–1936
 
Carol Bartz
Autodesk, 1992–2006
 
Bernard M. Baruch
Baruch Brothers, 1903–1916
 
William M. Batten
JCPenney Company, 1958–1974
 
Frank Batten
Landmark Communications, 1967–1998
 
Edward Bausch
Bausch and Lomb Company, 1926–1935
 
Vaughn L. Beals, Jr.
Harley-Davidson, 1981–1996
 
Leon L. Bean
L. L. Bean, 1912–1967
 
Amos L. Beaty
Texaco, 1920–1926
 
Howard O. Beaver, Jr.
Carpenter Technology Corporation, 1971–1983
 
Hans W. Becherer
Deere & Company, 1989–2000
 
Stephen D. Bechtel
Betchel Corporation, 1935–1960
 
Garner A. Beckett
American Cement Corporation, 1936–1957
 
Arnold O. Beckman
Beckman Instruments, 1935–1982
 
Edward T. Bedford
Corn Products Refining Company, 1906–1930
 
Edward J. Bednarz
Pinkerton's, 1967–1979
 
Olive Ann M. Beech
Beech Aircraft Corporation, 1950–1968
 
Eugene N. Beesley
Eli Lilly & Company, 1969–1973
 
Hernand Behn
International Telephone and Telegraph, 1920–1933
 
Sosthenes Behn
International Telephone and Telegraph, 1933–1956
 
William B. Bell
American Cyanamid Company, 1922–1950
 
James S. Bell
Washburn, Crosby Milling Company, 1889–1915
 
Glen W. Bell
Taco Bell Corporation, 1962–1975
 
Henry H. Benedict
Remington Typewriter Company, 1895–1913
 
Robert F. Bensinger
Brunswick, 1930–1963
 
Michel C. Bergerac
Revlon, 1975–1985
 
William Bernbach
Doyle Dane Bernbach, 1949–1976
 
Edward J. Berwind
Berwind-White Coal Mining Company, 1886–1930
 
Gordon M. Bethune
Continental Airlines, 1994–2004
 
Jeffrey P. Bezos
Amazon.com, 1994–Present
 
John D. Biggers
Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company, 1930–1953
 
Gordon M. Binder
Amgen, 1988–2000
 
Stephen Birch
Kennecott Copper, 1915–1933
 
Clarence Birdseye
General Seafood's Company, 1924–1929
 
William Blackie
Caterpillar Tractor Company, 1963–1977
 
Harold Blancke
Celanese Corporation of America, 1946–1966
 
Henry W. Bloch
H & R Block, 1978–1992
 
Richard A. Bloch
H & R Block, 1955–1978
 
Michael R. Bloomberg
Bloomberg, L. P., 1982–2001
 
Charles G. Bluhdorn
Gulf and Western, 1958–1983
 
W. Michael Blumenthal
Bendix Corporation, 1967–1976
 
William E. Boeing
Boeing Company, 1916–1934
 
Harold Boeschenstein
Owens-Corning Fiberglass Company, 1938–1963
 
John C. Bogle
The Vanguard Group, 1974–1995
 
Elizabeth E. Boit
Winship, Boit, & Company, 1888–1928
 
J. Chadbourn Bolles
Chadbourn, 1936–1970
 
Fred J. Borch
General Electric Company, 1963–1972
 
Lawrence A. Bossidy
AlliedSignal, Inc., 1991–1999
 
Marvin Bower
McKinsey & Company, 1950–1967
 
Horace Bowker
American Agricultural Chemical Company, 1929–1937
 
Joseph A. Boyd
Harris Corporation, 1972–1986
 
Joseph Boyer
Burroughs Adding Machine Company, 1905–1920
 
Francis Boyer
Smith Kline & French Laboratories, 1951–1958
 
Milton Bradley
Milton Bradley Company, 1864–1911
 
Thomas E. Braniff
Braniff Airways, 1930–1954
 
Joseph D. Brenner
AMP, 1972–1982
 
Stephen F. Briggs
Outboard Motors Corporation, 1929–1963
 
James L. Broadhead
FPL Group, 1989–2000
 
Charles F. Brooker
American Brass Company, 1900–1920
 
Charles L. Brown
American Telephone and Telegraph, 1979–1986
 
Herman Brown
Brown and Root, 1929–1962
 
Lewis H. Brown
Johns-Manville Corporation, 1929–1946
 
Francis C. Brown
Schering Corporation, 1943–1966
 
John W. Brown
Stryker Corporation, 1977–2004
 
Owsley Brown II
Brown-Forman Corporation, 1993–2003
 
John Y. Brown, Jr.
Kentucky Fried Chicken Company, 1964–1973
 
Alvin G. Brush
American Home Products, 1935–1965
 
John H. Bryan, Jr.
Sara Lee Corporation, 1975–2000
 
Edward G. Budd
E. G. Budd Company, 1912–1946
 
Ralph Budd
Great Northern Railroad, 1919–1932
 
Herbert P. Buetow
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1953–1963
 
Warren E. Buffett
Berkshire Hathaway, 1969–Present
 
Morgan G. Bulkeley
Aetna Life Insurance Company, 1879–1922
 
Arde Bulova
Bulova Watch Company, 1930–1958
 
Steven A. Burd
Safeway, 1993–Present
 
James E. Burke
Johnson & Johnson Company, 1976–1989
 
Leo Burnett
Leo Burnett Company, 1935–1971
 
Duane L. Burnham
Abbott Laboratories, 1990–1999
 
David Burpee
W. A. Burpee Company, 1917–1970
 
Washington A. Burpee
W. A. Burpee Company, 1878–1915
 
Donald C. Burr
People Express Airlines, 1980–1986
 
Thomas J. Burrell
Burrell Advertising, 1971–2003
 
Robert N. Burt
FMC Corporation, 1991–2001
 
Adolphus Busch
Anheuser-Busch Brewery, 1880–1913
C
 
Vincent A. Calarco
Crompton Corporation, 1985–2004
 
Philip Caldwell
Ford Motor Company, 1979–1985
 
D. Wayne Calloway
PepsiCo, 1986–1996
 
Asa G. Candler
Coca-Cola Company, 1886–1916
 
Charles A. Cannon
Cannon Mills Company, 1921–1971
 
James W. Cannon
Cannon Mills Company, 1887–1921
 
Floyd L. Carlisle
St. Regis Paper Company, 1916–1934
 
Curtis L. Carlson
Gold Bond Stamp Company / Carlson Companies, 1938–1998
 
Edward E. Carlson
United Airlines, 1971–1979
 
Hattie Carnegie
Hattie Carnegie, 1909–1956
 
Walter S. Carpenter, Jr.
DuPont Corporation, 1940–1948
 
Willis H. Carrier
Carrier Corporation, 1914–1948
 
Edward W. Carter
Carter Hawley Hale, 1946–1977
 
Frank T. Cary
IBM, 1973–1981
 
Stephen M. Case
America Online, 1985–2001
 
James E. Casey
United Parcel Service, 1907–1962
 
Louis S. Cates
Phelps-Dodge Company, 1930–1947
 
John T. Chambers
Cisco Systems, 1994–Present
 
Harry Chandler
Los Angeles Times, 1917–1940
 
Roy D. Chapin
Hudson Motor Company, 1909–1923
 
Owen R. Cheatham
Georgia-Pacific Corporation, 1927–1967
 
Robert A. Chesebrough
Chesebrough Manufacturing Company, 1875–1909
 
Colby M. Chester
General Foods Corporation, 1924–1935
 
Hugh J. Chisholm
International Paper Company, 1899–1907
 
Walter P. Chrysler
Chrysler Corporation, 1924–1935
 
Elisabeth Claiborne
Liz Claiborne, 1976–1989
 
James H. Clark
Silicon Graphics, 1981–1994
 
Catherine T. Clark
Brownberry Ovens, 1946–1972
 
Richard W. Clark
Dick Clark Productions, 1956–2007
 
Howard L. Clark
American Express Company, 1960–1977
 
William L. Clayton
Anderson, Clayton and Company, 1904–1940
 
Martin W. Clement
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 1935–1948
 
Charles A. Coffin
General Electric Company, 1892–1913
 
Ben Cohen
Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream, 1978–1994
 
Wilton D. Cole
Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, 1956–1963
 
Gilbert Colgate
Colgate-Palmolive Company, 1920–1928
 
Samuel B. Colgate
Colgate-Palmolive Company, 1933–1938
 
John L. Collyer
B. F. Goodrich Company, 1939–1953
 
Samuel P. Colt
United States Rubber Company, 1892–1918
 
Herman Cone II
Cone Mills Corporation, 1938–1950
 
John T. Connor
Merck & Company, 1955–1964
 
Carle C. Conway
Continental Can Company, 1926–1959
 
Willibald H. Conzen
Schering-Plough Corporation, 1966–1978
 
Scott D. Cook
Intuit, 1983–1994
 
Lodwrick M. Cook
Atlantic Richfield Company, 1985–1995
 
Adolph Coors
Adolph Coors Brewing Company, 1873–1923
 
Peter H. Coors
Adolph Coors Brewing Company, 1993–2000
 
William K. Coors
Adolph Coors Brewing Company, 1970–1993
 
Ira C. Copley
Western Utility Corporation, 1905–1926
 
Helen K. Copley
Copley Newspapers, 1973–1997
 
Ralph J. Cordiner
General Electric Company, 1950–1963
 
William E. Corey
United States Steel Corporation, 1903–1911
 
Joshua S. Cosden
Cosden & Company, 1914–1923
 
Charles L. Coughlin
Briggs & Stratton Corporation, 1935–1970
 
Robert L. Crandall
American Airlines, 1985–1998
 
Richard T. Crane
Crane Company, 1859–1912
 
Richard T. Crane, Jr.
Crane Company, 1914–1931
 
Frederick C. Crawford
Thompson Products, 1933–1958
 
Joseph W. Crosby
Thiokol Corporation, 1947–1963
 
Bert S. Cross
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1963–1969
 
F. Trammell Crow
Trammell Crow Company, 1947–1986
 
Henry P. Crowell
Quaker Oats Company, 1901–1922
 
Henry Crown
Material Service Corporation, 1921–1941
 
Richard J. Cullen
International Paper Company, 1936–1948
 
John W. Culligan
American Home Products, 1981–1986
 
Joseph S. Cullinan
Texaco, 1902–1913
 
Joseph F. Cullman III
Philip Morris Companies, 1957–1979
 
Bernard M. Culver
Continental Insurance Company, 1932–1946
 
Nathan Cummings
Consolidated Foods, 1939–1975
 
Harry B. Cunningham
S. S. Kresge Company/K Mart, 1959–1972
 
Harlow H. Curtice
General Motors Corporation, 1953–1958
 
Cyrus H. K. Curtis
Curtis Publishing Company, 1879–1932
D
 
C. Donald Dallas
Revere Copper and Brass, 1931–1947
 
William H. Danforth
Ralston Purina Company, 1894–1932
 
Justin Dart
United Drug Company, 1943–1980
 
Charles S. Davis
Borg-Warner Corporation, 1928–1950
 
Arthur V. Davis
Alcoa, 1910–1928
 
James E. Davis
Winn-Dixie Stores, 1946–1983
 
Francis B. Davis Jr.
United States Rubber Company, 1929–1942
 
Max De Pree
Herman Miller, 1980–1987
 
Edward DeBartolo
Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation, 1948–1994
 
Arthur J. Decio
Skyline Corporation, 1959–1998
 
Alonzo G. Decker, Jr.
Black & Decker Corporation, 1964–1975
 
Robert F. Dee
SmithKline Corporation, 1972–1982
 
Michael Dell
Dell Computer Corporation, 1984–Present
 
Jerry Della Femina
Della Femina and Travisano, 1967–1986
 
Fred DeLuca
Subway Sandwiches, 1965–Present
 
Henry S. Dennison
Dennison Manufacturing Company, 1912–1952
 
Richard R. Deupree
Procter & Gamble Company, 1930–1948
 
Richard M. DeVos
Amway Corporation, 1959–1992
 
Robert E. Dewar
K-Mart Corporation, 1972–1979
 
Morse G. Dial
Union Carbide Corporation, 1952–1963
 
Alfred B. Dick
A. B. Dick and Company, 1883–1934
 
Alfred B. Dick Jr.
A. B. Dick and Company, 1934–1947
 
Earl B. Dickerson
Supreme Life Insurance Company of America, 1956–1971
 
Walter E. Disney
Walt Disney Company, 1929–1966
 
Leland I. Doan
Dow Chemical Corporation, 1947–1962
 
Ronald W. Dollens
Guidant Corporation, 1994–2004
 
James C. Donnell
Ohio Oil Company, 1911–1927
 
Otto D. Donnell
Ohio Oil Company, 1927–1948
 
Frederic G. Donner
General Motors Corporation, 1958–1967
 
Georges F. Doriot
American R&D Corporation, 1946–1972
 
Arthur C. Dorrance
Campbell Soup Company, 1930–1946
 
John T. Dorrance
Campbell Soup Company, 1914–1930
 
Frank N. Doubleday
Doubleday and Company, 1897–1927
 
Nelson Doubleday
Doubleday and Company, 1928–1946
 
Donald W. Douglas
Douglas Aircraft Company, 1928–1957
 
Herbert H. Dow
Dow Chemical Corporation, 1897–1930
 
Willard H. Dow
Dow Chemical Corporation, 1930–1947
 
Harrington Drake
Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, 1975–1984
 
Millard S. Drexler
Gap, 1995–2002
 
Camille Dreyfus
Celanese Corporation of America, 1918–1945
 
John F. Dryden
Prudential Life Insurance Company, 1881–1911
 
Lammot du Pont
DuPont Corporation, 1926–1940
 
Pierre S. du Pont
DuPont Corporation, 1915–1919
 
Thomas C. du Pont
DuPont Corporation, 1902–1915
 
David Duffield
PeopleSoft, 1987–1999
 
James B. Duke
American Tobacco Company, 1890–1912
 
William Durant
General Motors Corporation, 1916–1920
E
 
George Eastman
Eastman Kodak Company, 1881–1923
 
Robert J. Eaton
Chrysler Corporation, 1993–1998
 
Jack M. Eckerd
Eckerd Corporation, 1952–1974
 
Bernard A. Edison
Edison Brothers Stores, 1968–1987
 
Richard J. Egan
EMC Corporation, 1979–1991
 
Louis K. Eilers
Eastman Kodak Company, 1967–1972
 
Michael D. Eisner
Walt Disney Company, 1984–2005
 
Lawrence J. Ellison
Oracle Corporation, 1977–Present
 
Victor Emanuel
AVCO, 1939–1960
 
John C. Emery, Jr.
Emery Air Freight, 1968–1987
 
John C. Emery, Sr.
Emery Air Freight, 1946–1967
 
Roger A. Enrico
PepsiCo, 1996–2001
 
Ole Evinrude
Outboard Motors Corporation, 1920–1928
 
John A. Ewald
Avon Products, 1944–1967
F
 
Lothar W. Faber
Eberhard-Faber Company, 1898–1943
 
Max (Francis) Factor, Jr.
Max Factor Company, 1938–1973
 
Frank J. Fahey
Gillette Company, 1913–1931
 
William A. Fairburn
Diamond Match Company, 1915–1947
 
Benjamin F. Fairless
United States Steel Corporation, 1935–1953
 
Otto H. Falk
Allis-Chalmers Company, 1913–1932
 
Walter A. Fallon
Eastman Kodak Company, 1972–1983
 
William S. Farish
Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1937–1942
 
James A. Farrell
United States Steel Corporation, 1911–1932
 
Marshall Field
Marshall Field and Company, 1867–1906
 
Marshall Field III
Field Enterprises (Chicago Sun/Parade Publications), 1941–1956
 
Debra J. S. Fields
Mrs. Fields Cookies, 1977–1996
 
Edward A. Filene
Filene's, 1908–1928
 
Paul Fireman
Reebok International, 1979–2006
 
Harvey S. Firestone
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 1900–1932
 
Harvey S. Firestone, Jr.
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 1941–1963
 
Frederick J. Fisher
Fisher Body Company, 1908–1926
 
Herman G. Fisher
Fisher-Price Toy Company, 1930–1966
 
Donald G. Fisher
Gap, 1969–1995
 
Donald V. Fites
Caterpillar Tractor Company, 1990–1999
 
Henry M. Flagler
Florida East Coast Railway, 1886–1913
 
Henry Ford
Ford Motor Company, 1906–1918
 
Henry Ford II
Ford Motor Company, 1945–1979
 
Edward A. Fox
Student Loan Marketing Association, 1973–1990
 
William Fox
Fox Film Company, 1915–1929
 
Clarence Francis
General Foods Corporation, 1935–1943
 
John M. Franklin
United States Lines, 1946–1960
 
Frank M. Freimann
Magnavox Company, 1950–1967
 
Jack Frye
Trans-World Airlines, 1934–1947
 
Richard S. Fuld, Jr.
Lehman Brothers and Company, 1994–2008
 
Alfred C. Fuller
Fuller Brush Company, 1906–1943
 
Walter D. Fuller
Curtis Publishing Company, 1933–1957
 
Richard M. Furlaud
Squibb Corporation, 1968–1989
G
 
Henry W. Gadsden
Merck & Company, 1965–1975
 
Ernest Gallo
Gallo (E. & J.) Winery, 1933–1993
 
Paul V. Galvin
Motorola, 1928–1956
 
Robert W. Galvin
Motorola, 1956–1986
 
Frank E. Gannett
Gannett Company, 1906–1957
 
Edward G. Gardner
Soft Sheen Products, 1964–1985
 
Arthur G. Gaston
Booker T. Washington Insurance, 1932–1987
 
William H. Gates III
Microsoft Corporation, 1975–2000
 
Stanley C. Gault
Rubbermaid, 1980–1991
 
David L. Geffen
Geffen Records, 1984–1989
 
Richard L. Gelb
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 1972–1994
 
Harold S. Geneen
International Telephone and Telegraph, 1959–1977
 
William W. George
Medtronic, 1991–2000
 
Daniel F. Gerber
Gerber Products Company, 1917–1945
 
Daniel F. Gerber, Jr.
Gerber Products Company, 1945–1974
 
Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.
IBM, 1993–2002
 
Jean Paul Getty
Getty Oil Company, 1956–1976
 
Amadeo Peter Giannini
Bank of America, 1904–1936
 
Lawrence M. Giannini
Bank of America, 1936–1952
 
Fred M. Gibbons
Software Publishing Company, 1980–1994
 
Truman K. Gibson
Supreme Life Insurance Company of America, 1919–1955
 
Vincent A. Gierer, Jr.
UST, 1993–Present
 
Walter S. Gifford
American Telephone and Telegraph, 1925–1948
 
Frank L. Gillespie
Liberty Life Insurance, 1919–1925
 
King C. Gillette
Gillette Company, 1901–1913
 
Raymond V. Gilmartin
Merck & Company, 1994–2005
 
Bernard F. Gimbel
Gimbel Brothers Department Stores, 1925–1953
 
Isaac Gimbel
Gimbel Brothers Department Stores, 1894–1925
 
Tom M. Girdler
Republic Steel Corporation, 1930–1937
 
David D. Glass
Wal-Mart Corporation, 1988–2000
 
Roberto C. Goizueta
Coca-Cola Company, 1981–1997
 
Leonard H. Goldenson
American Broadcasting-Paramount Theaters, 1949–1986
 
Stanley P. Goldstein
Melville Corporation, 1987–1998
 
Samuel Goldwyn
Samuel Goldwyn Productions, 1916–1959
 
Harvey Golub
American Express Company, 1993–2001
 
Melvin R. Goodes
Warner-Lambert Corporation, 1991–1999
 
James H. Goodnight
SAS Institute, 1976–Present
 
Albert H. Gordon
Kidder, Peabody Group, 1931–1968
 
Berry Gordy, Jr.
Motown Records Corporation, 1959–1986
 
J. Peter Grace
W. R. Grace and Company, 1945–1992
 
Eugene G. Grace
Bethlehem Steel Corporation, 1916–1957
 
William B. Graham
Baxter International, 1953–1980
 
Katharine M. Graham
Washington Post, 1963–1979
 
William T. Grant
W. T. Grant Company, 1906–1924
 
Earl G. Graves
Black Enterprise Magazine, 1970–Present
 
Bowman Gray
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1924–1935
 
Carl R. Gray
Union Pacific Railroad, 1920–1937
 
Bowman Gray, Jr.
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1957–1967
 
James A. Gray, Jr.
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1935–1949
 
Adolphus W. Green
National Biscuit Company, 1905–1917
 
Alan C. Greenberg
Bear Stearns Companies, 1978–1993
 
Maurice R. Greenberg
American International Group, 1967–1989
 
Crawford H. Greenewalt
DuPont Corporation, 1948–1967
 
Dick Griffey
Dick Griffey Productions, 1977–Present
 
Mervyn E. Griffin, Jr.
Griffin Productions, 1963–1985
 
Eugene P. Grisanti
International Flavors & Fragrances, 1985–1999
 
Robert E. Gross
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1934–1956
 
Andrew S. Grove
Intel, 1987–1998
 
Robert C. Guccione
Penthouse International Limited, 1965–2003
 
Daniel Guggenheim
American Smelting and Refining Company, 1900–1919
 
William Guthy
Guthy-Renker Corporation, 1988–2004
H
 
Otto Haas
Rohm and Haas Company, 1909–1960
 
Walter A. Haas
Levi Strauss and Company, 1922–1957
 
Walter A. Haas, Jr.
Levi Strauss and Company, 1958–1976
 
Patrick E. Haggerty
Texas Instruments, 1958–1976
 
Joyce C. Hall
Hallmark Cards, 1910–1966
 
Erle P. Halliburton
Halliburton, 1920–1956
 
Armand Hammer
Occidental Oil Company, 1957–1990
 
John P. Harbin
Halliburton, 1972–1982
 
Edward G. Harness
Procter & Gamble Company, 1974–1981
 
Lore Harp
Vector Graphics, 1976–1984
 
C. Michael Harper
ConAgra, 1975–1993
 
Ralph A. Hart
Heublein, 1965–1970
 
George H. Hartford
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, 1878–1915
 
John A. Hartford
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, 1920–1949
 
Stephen D. Hassenfeld
Hasbro Toys, 1979–1989
 
Harold V. Haverty
Deluxe Corporation, 1986–1995
 
William R. Hearst
American Newspapers, 1887–1937
 
Christine A. Hefner
Playboy Enterprises, 1988–2001
 
Hugh M. Hefner
Playboy Enterprises, 1953–1988
 
John R. Hegeman
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1891–1918
 
Charles A. Heimbold, Jr.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 1994–2001
 
Henry J. Heinz
H. J. Heinz Company, 1905–1919
 
Howard Heinz
H. J. Heinz Company, 1919–1941
 
Henry J. Heinz II
H. J. Heinz Company, 1941–1966
 
Bruce D. Henderson
Boston Consulting Group, 1968–1980
 
Henry F. Henderson, Jr.
Henderson (H. F.) Industries, 1952–Present
 
Paul C. Henshaw
Homestake Mining Company, 1971–1982
 
Stuart K. Hensley
Warner-Lambert Corporation, 1967–1972
 
Paul Henson
United Utilities/Sprint Corporation, 1966–1990
 
Alonzo B. Hepburn
Chase National Bank, 1904–1911
 
Alonzo F. Herndon
Atlanta Life Insurance Company, 1905–1927
 
Ray W. Herrick
Tecumseh Products, 1930–1972
 
Milton S. Hershey
Hershey Chocolate Company, 1900–1941
 
John D. Hertz
Yellow Cab Company, 1915–1929
 
Raymond H. Herzog
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1975–1979
 
Leon Hess
Amerada Hess, 1933–1995
 
William R. Hewlett
Hewlett-Packard Company, 1969–1978
 
Frank G. Hickey
General Instrument Corporation, 1978–1990
 
Wayne Hicklin
Avon Products, 1967–1972
 
John M. Hiebert
Sterling Drug, 1955–1972
 
E. G. Higdon
Maytag Corporation, 1962–1973
 
Andrew J. Higgins
Higgins Industries, 1930–1952
 
George W. Hill
American Tobacco Company, 1925–1946
 
James J. Hill
Great Northern Railroad, 1882–1907
 
Louis W. Hill
Great Northern Railroad, 1907–1912
 
Conrad N. Hilton
Hilton Hotels Corporation, 1946–1966
 
Samuel F. Hinkle
Hershey Foods Corporation, 1956–1965
 
Charles E. Hires
Charles E. Hires Company, 1890–1918
 
Dee Ward Hock
VISA, 1970–1984
 
Paul G. Hoffman
Studebaker Corporation, 1935–1948
 
Philip B. Hofmann
Johnson & Johnson Company, 1963–1973
 
Hale Holden
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 1920–1929
 
Eugene Holman
Exxon Corporation, 1944–1960
 
Charles R. Hook
Armco Steel Company, 1930–1948
 
Elon H. Hooker
Hooker Chemical Company, 1909–1938
 
Herbert W. Hoover
Hoover Company, 1922–1954
 
Herbert W. Hoover, Jr.
Hoover Company, 1954–1966
 
John J. Horan
Merck & Company, 1976–1985
 
George A. Hormel
Hormel and Company, 1891–1929
 
Jay C. Hormel
Hormel and Company, 1929–1945
 
Amos Hostetter, Jr.
Continental Cablevision, 1963–1996
 
Alanson B. Houghton
Corning Glass Company, 1910–1930
 
Amory Houghton
Corning Glass Company, 1930–1960
 
Amory Houghton, Jr.
Corning Glass Company, 1964–1982
 
Ivan J. Houston
Golden State Insurance, 1970–1990
 
Norman O. Houston
Golden State Insurance, 1945–1970
 
Joseph L. Hudson
Hudson (J. L.) Company, 1881–1912
 
Harold J. Hudson, Jr.
General Reinsurance Corporation, 1971–1983
 
George A. Hughes
Hughes Electric Heating Company, 1908–1940
 
Howard R. Hughes, Jr.
Hughes Aircraft Company, 1933–1976
 
H. Wayne Huizenga
Blockbuster Entertainment Corporation, 1986–1994
 
George M. Humphrey
Hanna (M. A.) & Company, 1929–1952
 
Haroldson L. Hunt
Hunt Oil Company, 1936–1974
 
Jon M. Huntsman
Huntsman Corporation, 1970–2000
 
Peter F. Hurst
Aeroquip Corporation, 1945–1969
I
 
Lido (Lee) A. Iacocca
Chrysler Corporation, 1979–1993
 
Carl C. Icahn
Icahn & Company, 1968–Present
 
Michael Ilitch
Little Caesar's Enterprises, 1959–Present
 
Martha R. Ingram
Ingram Industries, 1995–1999
 
Samuel Insull
Middle West Utilities Company, 1912–1932
 
William Irrgang
Lincoln Electric Company, 1954–1986
 
F. Kenneth Iverson
Nucor Corporation, 1965–1996
J
 
Irwin M. Jacobs
Qualcomm, 1985–Present
 
Allen F. Jacobson
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1986–1991
 
John K. Jamieson
Exxon Corporation, 1969–1975
 
Edward G. Jefferson
DuPont Corporation, 1981–1986
 
Richard H. Jenrette
Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, 1973–1985
 
Steven P. Jobs
Apple Computer, 1975–1983
 
George F. Johnson
Endicott-Johnson Company, 1920–1930
 
Eldridge R. Johnson
Victor Talking Machine Company, 1901–1927
 
Robert H. Johnson
Ingersoll-Rand Company, 1955–1966
 
James W. Johnson
Johnson & Johnson Company, 1910–1932
 
Robert W. Johnson
Johnson & Johnson Company, 1885–1910
 
Howard D. Johnson
Howard Johnson's, 1925–1964
 
Herbert F. Johnson
Johnson Wax Company, 1928–1966
 
John H. Johnson
Johnson Publishing Company, 1942–2002
 
Robert L. Johnson
Black Entertainment Television, 1980–2001
 
David W. Johnson
Campbell Soup Company, 1990–1997
 
Edward C. Johnson II
Fidelity Investments, 1946–1972
 
Samuel C. Johnson II
Johnson Wax Company, 1966–1979
 
Edward C. Johnson III
Fidelity Investments, 1977–Present
 
Robert W. Johnson, Jr.
Johnson & Johnson Company, 1932–1938
 
Reginald H. Jones
General Electric Company, 1972–1981
 
Jesse H. Jones
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 1933–1939
 
W. Alton Jones
Cities Service Company, 1940–1953
 
John E. Jonsson
Texas Instruments, 1951–1958
 
Henry B. Joy
Packard Motor Car Company, 1905–1916
K
 
Henry J. Kaiser
Kaiser Industries, 1914–1956
 
Bruce E. Karatz
KB Home, 1986–Present
 
Mitchell P. Kartalia
Square D Company, 1968–1983
 
Ewing M. Kauffman
Marion Laboratories, 1950–1989
 
Howard B. Keck
Superior Oil Company, 1963–1981
 
Daniel C. Keefe
Ingersoll-Rand Company, 1936–1954
 
Herbert D. Kelleher
Southwest Airlines Company, 1967–2001
 
Kaufman T. Keller
Chrysler Corporation, 1935–1950
 
Will K. Kellogg
Kellogg Company, 1906–1939
 
William R. Kelly
Kelly Services, 1946–1967
 
Erwin Kelm
Cargill, 1961–1976
 
Donald M. Kendall
PepsiCo, 1963–1986
 
Henry P. Kendall
Kendall Company, 1912–1959
 
Donald S. Kennedy
OGE Energy Corporation, 1949–1976
 
Arthur A. Kent
Atwater Kent Company, 1902–1936
 
William F. Kerby
Dow Jones & Company, 1966–1975
 
William T. Kerr
Meredith Corporation, 1997–Present
 
Bernard Kilgore
Wall Street Journal, 1945–1966
 
John A. Kimberly
Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 1880–1928
 
John R. Kimberly
Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 1953–1967
 
Sidney Kimmel
Jones Apparel Group, 1975–2002
 
Darwin P. Kingsley
New York Life Insurance Company, 1906–1930
 
Robert J. Kleberg, Sr.
King Ranch, 1885–1932
 
Anne Klein
Anne Klein & Company, 1968–1974
 
John W. Kluge
Metromedia, 1959–1986
 
Joseph P. Knapp
Knapp & Company, 1891–1951
 
Philip H. Knight
Nike, 1972–Present
 
Charles F. Knight
Emerson Electric Company, 1973–2000
 
John S. (Jack) Knight
Knight-Ridder Corporation, 1933–1969
 
Rose M. Knox
Knox Gelatin Company, 1908–1947
 
Richard J. Kogan
Schering-Plough Corporation, 1996–2003
 
Herbert V. Kohler
Kohler Company, 1937–1968
 
Walter J. Kohler
Kohler Company, 1905–1937
 
James L. Kraft
Kraft (J. L.) Brothers and Company, 1909–1953
 
Henry R. Kravis
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Company, 1984–1996
 
Sebastian S. Kresge
S. S. Kresge Company, 1907–1925
 
Samuel H. Kress
S. H. Kress Company, 1896–1924
 
Raymond A. Kroc
McDonald's Corporation, 1955–1973
 
Bernard H. Kroger
Kroger's Food Stores, 1883–1928
 
Daniel J. Krumm
Maytag Corporation, 1974–1992
 
James R. Kuse
Georgia Gulf Corporation, 1985–1991
L
 
Alden J. Laborde
Ocean Drilling & Exploration Company, 1953–1977
 
Carl Laemmle
Universal Pictures Corporation, 1912–1936
 
Harvey H. Lamm
Subaru of America, 1971–1990
 
William E. LaMothe
Kellogg Company, 1979–1991
 
Edwin H. Land
Polaroid Corporation, 1937–1980
 
Mills B. Lane, Jr.
Citizens & Southern National Bank, 1946–1973
 
George S. Lannom, Jr.
Lannom Manufacturing Company, 1912–1952
 
William F. Laporte
American Home Products, 1965–1981
 
Ralph S. Larsen
Johnson & Johnson Company, 1989–2002
 
Albert D. Lasker
Lord and Thomas, 1912–1942
 
Estee Lauder
Estee Lauder, 1946–1982
 
Leonard A. Lauder
Estee Lauder, 1982–1999
 
Ralph Lauren
Polo, Ralph Lauren, 1968–Present
 
Mary W. Lawrence
Wells, Rich and Greene, 1966–1990
 
Charles Lazarus
Toys "R" Us, 1948–1994
 
Rochelle Lazarus
Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, 1997–Present
 
Fred R. Lazarus, Jr.
Federated Department Stores, 1945–1966
 
William P. Lear
Lear, 1939–1967
 
Samuel J. Lefrak
Lefrak Organization, 1948–2003
 
Alexander Legge
International Harvester Corporation, 1922–1933
 
Philip Lehman
Lehman Brothers and Company, 1901–1925
 
Robert Lehman
Lehman Brothers and Company, 1925–1969
 
Lewis W. Lehr
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1980–1986
 
William Levitt
Levitt & Sons, 1929–1968
 
Peter B. Lewis
The Progressive Corporation, 1965–2000
 
Reginald F. Lewis
TLC Group, 1983–1993
 
Edward T. Lewis
Essence Communications, 1969–Present
 
Edmund D. Libbey
Owens Bottle Company, 1903–1925
 
Louis K. Liggett
United Drug Company, 1904–1943
 
Josiah K. Lilly
Eli Lilly & Company, 1898–1932
 
Eli Lilly II
Eli Lilly & Company, 1932–1969
 
James F. Lincoln
Lincoln Electric Company, 1928–1954
 
Leroy A. Lincoln
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1936–1951
 
Carl H. Lindner, Jr.
American Financial Group, 1958–Present
 
James J. Ling
Ling-Temco-Vought, 1946–1970
 
Paul W. Litchfield
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 1926–1940
 
Royal Little
Textron, 1923–1960
 
Arthur D. Little
Arthur D. Little, 1909–1935
 
J. Bruce Llewellyn
Philadelphia Coca-Cola Bottling Company, 1985–Present
 
Marcus Loew
Loew's, 1906–1927
 
Joseph M. Long
Long's Drug Stores, 1947–1977
 
Joseph E. Lonning
Kellogg Company, 1971–1978
 
Francisco A. Lorenzo
Texas Air Corporation, 1972–1990
 
George H. Love
Consolidation Coal Company, 1944–1956
 
James S. Love
Burlington Industries, 1923–1948
 
George W. Lucas
Lucasfilm, Limited, 1971–Present
 
Henry R. Luce
Time-Life Publications, 1922–1964
 
Robert P. Luciano
Schering-Plough Corporation, 1982–1995
 
Edgar F. Luckenbach, Jr.
Luckenbach Steamship Company, 1960–1974
 
Daniel K. Ludwig
National Bulk Carriers, 1936–1987
M
 
Ray W. MacDonald
Burroughs Corporation, 1967–1978
 
Ian K. MacGregor
AMAX, 1956–1969
 
William C. MacInnes
TECO Energy, 1954–1967
 
Kenneth A. Macke
Dayton Hudson Corporation, 1983–1994
 
John P. Mackey
Whole Foods Market, 1980–Present
 
Whitney MacMillan
Cargill, 1976–1995
 
John H. MacMillan, Jr.
Cargill, 1936–1960
 
Clifford D. Mallory
Mallory (C. D.) and Company, 1919–1941
 
Henry R. Mallory
Atlantic, Gulf and West Indies Steamship Lines, 1907–1915
 
John C. Malone
Tele-Communications, 1973–1999
 
Plato Malozemoff
Newmont Mining Corporation, 1954–1986
 
Morton L. Mandel
Premier Industrial Corporation, 1958–1996
 
Alfred E. Mann
Pacesetter, 1972–1985
 
Alex Manoogian
Masco Corporation, 1929–1985
 
Thomas F. Manville
Johns-Manville Corporation, 1901–1924
 
Bernard Marcus
Home Depot, 1978–1997
 
H. Stanley Marcus
Neiman-Marcus Company, 1950–1969
 
Reuben Mark
Colgate-Palmolive Company, 1984–Present
 
John W. Marriott
Marriott-Hot Shoppes, 1927–1972
 
J. Willard Marriott, Jr.
Marriott International, 1972–Present
 
Forrest E. Mars, Sr.
Mars, 1964–1973
 
Charles D. Marshall
McClintic and Marshall Construction Company, 1900–1931
 
Glenn L. Martin
Glenn L. Martin Company, 1907–1949
 
Joseph A. Martino
National Lead Company (NL Industries), 1947–1969
 
Jack C. Massey
Hospital Corporation of America, 1968–1978
 
Thomas W. Mastin
Lubrizol Corporation, 1972–1982
 
William G. Mather
Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, 1890–1940
 
Clayton L. Mathile
The Iams Company, 1981–1999
 
Hamish Maxwell
Philip Morris Companies, 1984–1991
 
Oscar F. Mayer
Oscar Mayer and Company, 1888–1928
 
Oscar Gottfried Mayer
Oscar Mayer and Company, 1928–1955
 
Oscar Gustave Mayer
Oscar Mayer and Company, 1955–1966
 
Louis B. Mayer
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation, 1924–1951
 
L. Lowry Mays
Clear Channel Communications, 1972–2004
 
Elmer H. Maytag
Maytag Corporation, 1926–1940
 
Frederick L. Maytag
Maytag Corporation, 1909–1921
 
Frederick L. Maytag II
Maytag Corporation, 1940–1960
 
Thomas B. McCabe
Scott Paper Company, 1927–1965
 
Howard H. McClintic
McClintic and Marshall Construction Company, 1900–1931
 
John J. McCloy
Chase Manhattan Bank, 1953–1969
 
Hugh L. McColl, Jr.
NationsBank / Bank of America, 1983–2001
 
C. Peter McColough
Xerox Corporation, 1971–1985
 
John H. McConnell
Worthington Industries, 1955–1993
 
David H. McConnell
Avon Products, 1886–1937
 
David H. McConnell, Jr.
Avon Products, 1937–1944
 
Mark H. McCormack
International Management Group, 1960–2003
 
Fowler McCormick
International Harvester Corporation, 1941–1951
 
Robert R. McCormick
Chicago Tribune, 1914–1955
 
Cyrus H. McCormick, Jr.
International Harvester Corporation, 1902–1918
 
Robert F. McDermott
USAA, 1969–1993
 
James S. McDonnell
McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, 1939–1967
 
Dean A. McGee
Kerr-McGee Corporation, 1954–1983
 
Patrick J. McGovern
International Data Group, 1967–2002
 
William G. McGowan
MCI Communications, 1968–1985
 
Donald C. McGraw
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1953–1966
 
James H. McGraw
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1899–1928
 
Harold W. McGraw, Jr.
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1974–1983
 
Thomas H. McInnerney
National Dairy Products Corporation, 1923–1941
 
James O. McKinsey
McKinsey & Company, 1925–1937
 
William L. McKnight
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1929–1949
 
Donald H. McLaughlin
Homestake Mining Company, 1945–1963
 
Malcolm P. McLean
Sea-Land Service, 1956–1969
 
Scott G. McNealy
Sun Microsystems, 1982–Present
 
Rene C. McPherson
Dana Corporation, 1972–1980
 
George H. Mead
Mead Corporation, 1912–1942
 
George J. Mecherle
State Farm Insurance, 1922–1937
 
John G. Medlin, Jr.
Wachovia Corporation, 1977–1993
 
Andrew W. Mellon
Mellon National Bank, 1882–1921
 
Richard K. Mellon
Mellon National Bank, 1934–1946
 
William L. Mellon
Gulf Oil Corporation, 1909–1930
 
Ward Melville
Melville Corporation, 1922–1963
 
George W. Merck
Merck & Company, 1925–1955
 
John Merrick
North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1898–1919
 
Charles E. Merrill
Merrill Lynch & Company, 1940–1956
 
Andre Meyer
Lazard, Freres and Company, 1943–1979
 
Morton H. Meyerson
Electronic Data Systems, 1979–1985
 
Joseph I. Miller
Cummins Engine Company, 1947–1977
 
Roger Milliken
Milliken & Company, 1947–Present
 
Lorimer D. Milton
Citizens Trust Bank, 1927–1971
 
Charles E. Mitchell
National City Bank, 1921–1929
 
David W. Mitchell
Avon Products, 1975–1983
 
James R. Moffett
Freeport-McMoRan, 1984–2003
 
Thomas S. Monaghan
Domino's Pizza, 1960–1998
 
Robert G. Mondavi
Robert Mondavi Winery, 1966–1990
 
Ambrose Monell
International Nickel Corporation, 1902–1917
 
Theodore G. Montague
Borden, 1937–1955
 
William L. Moody, Jr.
Moody (W. L.) & Company Bank, 1920–1954
 
Gordon E. Moore
Intel, 1974–1987
 
John P. Morgan
J. P. Morgan and Company, 1861–1913
 
John P. Morgan, Jr.
J. P. Morgan and Company, 1913–1935
 
Howard J. Morgens
Procter & Gamble Company, 1957–1974
 
Charles W. Moritz
Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, 1985–1993
 
Charles G. Mortimer
General Foods Corporation, 1954–1965
 
Joy Morton
Morton Salt Company, 1885–1934
 
Charles S. Mott
Weston-Mott Company, 1903–1913
 
Walter A. Munns
Smith Kline & French Laboratories, 1958–1967
 
J. Richard Munro
Time Warner, 1980–1990
 
Frank A. Munsey
Munsey Publishing House, 1882–1925
 
Thomas S. Murphy
Capital Cities/ABC, 1966–1990
N
 
Charles W. Nash
Nash Motors Company, 1916–1932
 
Conde M. Nast
Conde Nast Publications, 1907–1942
 
Fred M. Nelson
Texas Gulf Sulphur Company, 1951–1960
 
Allen H. Neuharth
Gannett Company, 1973–1986
 
Louis B. Neumiller
Caterpillar Tractor Company, 1941–1963
 
Samuel I. Newhouse
Newhouse Publishing, 1921–1979
 
William H. Nichols
General Chemical Corporation, 1899–1920
 
John D. Nichols
Illinois Tool Works, 1982–1995
 
J. Larry Nichols
Devon Energy Corporation, 1980–Present
 
William Nickerson, Jr.
Golden State Insurance, 1924–1945
 
Jean Nidetch
Weight Watchers International, 1963–1978
 
Arthur C. Nielsen
A. C. Nielsen Company, 1923–1957
 
Edward J. Noble
Life Savers, 1913–1938
 
Raymond J. Noorda
Novell, 1983–1994
 
William C. Norris
Control Data Corporation, 1957–1986
 
Ernest E. Norris
Southern Railway System, 1937–1952
 
John Ringling North
Ringling Brothers, Barnum and Bailey Circus, 1947–1967
 
John K. Northrop
Northrop Aircraft, 1937–1959
 
Lucio A. Noto
Mobil Corporation, 1994–1999
 
Robert N. Noyce
Fairchild Semiconductor, 1957–1968
 
Donald W. Nyrop
Northwest Airlines, 1954–1978
O
 
Paul H. O'Neill
Alcoa, 1987–1999
 
Anthony J. F. O'Reilly
H. J. Heinz Company, 1979–1998
 
Adolph S. Ochs
New York Times, 1896–1935
 
David M. Ogilvy
Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, 1954–1975
 
Ransom E. Olds
Reo Motor Car Company, 1904–1915
 
Kenneth H. Olsen
Digital Equipment Corporation, 1957–1992
 
Eugene R. Olson
Deluxe Check Printers, 1977–1985
 
M. Kenneth Oshman
Rolm Corporation, 1969–1984
 
Harrison G. Otis
Los Angeles Times, 1886–1917
 
Anthony Overton
Hygienic Manufacturing Company, 1898–1946
 
Michael Ovitz
Creative Artists Agency, 1974–1995
P
 
David Packard
Hewlett-Packard Company, 1939–1968
 
Max Palevsky
Scientific Data Systems, 1961–1969
 
William S. Paley
Columbia Broadcasting System, 1928–1983
 
Ray T. Parfet, Jr.
Upjohn Company, 1969–1987
 
William G. Park
Crucible Steel Company, 1900–1909
 
George S. Parker
Parker Brothers, 1901–1933
 
John H. Patterson
National Cash Register Company, 1884–1921
 
Eugene M. Patterson
American Machine and Foundry Company, 1941–1962
 
Rufus L. Patterson
American Machine and Foundry Company, 1900–1941
 
William A. Patterson
United Airlines, 1934–1963
 
Joseph M. Patterson
New York Daily News, 1919–1946
 
Jeno F. Paulucci
Jeno's Frozen Pizza, 1967–1986
 
James C. Penney
JCPenney Company, 1907–1958
 
John Pepper
Procter & Gamble Company, 1995–1999
 
Guy S. Peppiatt
Federal Mogul Corporation, 1950–1969
 
Franklin P. Perdue
Perdue Farms, 1953–1988
 
H. Ross Perot
Electronic Data Systems, 1962–1979
 
Christopher J. Perry
Philadelphia Tribune, 1884–1921
 
Wallace R. Persons
Emerson Electric Company, 1954–1973
 
Donald E. Petersen
Ford Motor Company, 1985–1989
 
LeRoy A. Petersen
Otis Elevator Company, 1945–1966
 
Milton J. Petrie
Petrie Stores, 1932–1993
 
John H. Pew
Sun Oil Company, 1912–1947
 
Joseph N. Pew
Sun Oil Company, 1880–1912
 
Frank Phillips
Phillips Petroleum Company, 1917–1938
 
Warren H. Phillips
Dow Jones & Company, 1975–1990
 
Thomas B. Pickens
Mesa Petroleum Company, 1964–1996
 
Elmer F. Pierson
The Vendo Company, 1937–1974
 
Charles M. Pigott
PACCAR, 1967–1996
 
Philip W. Pillsbury
Pillsbury Mills, 1940–1952
 
Robert A. Pinkerton II
Pinkerton's, 1930–1966
 
John Pitcairn
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, 1897–1905
 
Abe Plough
Plough, 1908–1971
 
C. William Pollard
ServiceMaster Company, 1983–1993
 
Alexander M. Poniatoff
Ampex Corporation, 1944–1955
 
Generoso P. Pope, Jr.
National Enquirer, 1952–1988
 
Charles W. Post
Postum Cereal Company, Limited, 1896–1914
 
Marjorie M. Post
Postum Cereal Company, Limited, 1914–1922
 
Robert T. Powers
Nalco Chemical Company, 1971–1979
 
Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.
Pfizer, 1972–1992
 
Andrew W. Preston
United Fruit Company, 1882–1924
 
James E. Preston
Avon Products, 1988–1998
 
Robert E. Price
Price Company, 1976–1993
 
Larry L. Prince
Genuine Parts Company, 1989–Present
 
Frederick H. Prince
Chicago Stock Yards Company, 1911–1940
 
William W. Prince
Armour and Company, 1957–1969
 
Robert A. Pritzker
Marmon Group, 1953–Present
 
Donald N. Pritzker
Hyatt Hotels, 1959–1972
 
Laurence F. Probst, III
Electronic Arts, 1991–Present
 
Ernesta G. Procope
E. G. Bowman, 1953–Present
 
William C. Procter
Procter & Gamble Company, 1907–1930
 
Barbara G. Proctor
Proctor and Gardner Advertising, 1970–1996
Q
 
Edgar M. Queeny
Monsanto Chemical Company, 1928–1960
 
John F. Queeny
Monsanto Chemical Company, 1901–1928
R
 
Simon Ramo
Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation, 1953–1958
 
James H. Rand, Jr.
Remington-Rand Company, 1925–1955
 
Monroe J. Rathbone
Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1960–1965
 
Thomas M. Rauch
Smith Kline & French Laboratories, 1967–1971
 
William B. Rayburn
Snap-On, 1984–1988
 
Lee R. Raymond
Exxon Mobil Corporation, 1993–Present
 
Sumner M. Redstone
Viacom, 1967–Present
 
John S. Reed
Citicorp/Citibank, 1984–1998
 
Donald T. Regan
Merrill Lynch & Company, 1971–1980
 
John M. Regan, Jr.
Marsh & McLennan, 1973–1985
 
Helen R. Reid
New York Herald Tribune, 1947–1955
 
Gordon S. Rentschler
National City Bank, 1929–1940
 
Frederick B. Rentschler
United Aircraft Corporation, 1928–1934
 
Stanley B. Resor
J. Walter Thompson Advertising Agency, 1916–1955
 
Charles H. Revson
Revlon, 1932–1974
 
Arthur Reynolds
Continental & Commercial Bank, 1919–1929
 
Richard J. Reynolds
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1911–1918
 
Richard S. Reynolds
Reynolds Corporation, 1912–1948
 
Richard S. Reynolds, Jr.
Reynolds Corporation, 1948–1976
 
Eugene W. Rhodes
Philadelphia Tribune, 1922–1970
 
Jean Riboud
Schlumberger, Limited, 1965–1985
 
Robert E. Rich
Rich Products Corporation, 1945–1978
 
Earl H. Richardson
Hotpoint Electric Heating Company, 1904–1918
 
Edward V. Rickenbacker
Eastern Airlines, 1938–1953
 
Cedric H. Rieman
Gardner-Denver Company, 1963–1972
 
Leonard S. Riggio
Barnes & Noble, 1965–2002
 
Charles Ringling
Ringling Brothers, Barnum and Bailey Circus, 1907–1926
 
David Rockefeller
Chase Manhattan Bank, 1969–1980
 
John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1863–1912
 
Willard F. Rockwell
Rockwell International, 1933–1967
 
Willard F. Rockwell, Jr.
Rockwell International, 1967–1979
 
Henry A. Roemer
Sharon Steel Corporation, 1931–1957
 
Lyle C. Roll
Kellogg Company, 1957–1971
 
O. Wayne Rollins
Rollins, 1948–1991
 
Francis C. Rooney, Jr.
Melville Corporation, 1964–1987
 
Joseph L. Rose
Deluxe Check Printers, 1962–1976
 
Richard M. Rosenberg
BankAmerica Corporation, 1990–1996
 
William Rosenthal
Maidenform Brassiere Company, 1924–1958
 
Julius Rosenwald
Sears, Roebuck & Company, 1910–1925
 
Steven J. Ross
Warner Communications, 1962–1992
 
William M. Rosson
Conwood Corporation, 1976–1991
 
James W. Rouse
Rouse Company, 1939–1979
 
Joseph P. Routh
Pittston Company, 1939–1976
 
Pete Rozelle
National Football League, 1960–1989
 
William J. Ruane
Sequoia Fund, 1970–2005
 
Helena Rubinstein
Helena Rubinstein, 1915–1965
 
Margaret F. Rudkin
Pepperidge Farm, 1937–1960
 
Michael C. Ruettgers
EMC Corporation, 1992–2001
 
Donald H. Rumsfeld
Searle (G. D.) and Company, 1977–1985
 
John D. Ryan
Anaconda Copper Company, 1907–1917
S
 
Samuel Sachs
Goldman, Sachs and Company, 1904–1928
 
Walter E. Sachs
Goldman, Sachs and Company, 1928–1959
 
Harland Sanders
Kentucky Fried Chicken Company, 1956–1964
 
W. Jeremiah Sanders III
Advanced Micro Devices, 1969–2002
 
Stephen W. Sanger
General Mills, 1995–Present
 
David Sarnoff
Radio Corporation of America, 1930–1966
 
Clarence Saunders
Piggly Wiggly Stores, 1916–1924
 
George A. Schaefer
Caterpillar Tractor Company, 1985–1990
 
Leonard D. Schaeffer
Wellpoint Health Networks, 1992–2004
 
Nicholas M. Schenck
Loew's, 1927–1955
 
Jacob H. Schiff
Kuhn, Loeb and Company, 1885–1920
 
Dorothy Schiff
New York Post, 1943–1976
 
Robert A. Schoellhorn
Abbott Laboratories, 1979–1989
 
Howard Schultz
Starbucks Corporation, 1987–2000
 
Richard M. Schulze
Best Buy, 1966–2002
 
Charles R. Schwab
Charles Schwab & Company, 1971–2003
 
Charles M. Schwab
Bethlehem Steel Corporation, 1904–1916
 
Barry Schwartz
Calvin Klein, 1968–Present
 
Frederic N. Schwartz
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 1957–1967
 
Edward I. Scott
Scott Tissue Company, 1879–1921
 
Edward W. Scripps
Scripps (E. W.) / United Press International, 1878–1908
 
John R. Sculley
Apple Computer, 1983–1993
 
Clarence W. Seamans
Union Typewriter Company, 1893–1910
 
John G. Searle
Searle (G. D.) and Company, 1936–1972
 
Richard W. Sears
Sears, Roebuck & Company, 1893–1908
 
Joseph M. Segel
QVC Network, 1986–1992
 
Frank A. Seiberling
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 1906–1921
 
Irving S. Shapiro
DuPont Corporation, 1974–1981
 
Clarence H. Shaver
United States Gypsum, 1951–1966
 
Dorothy Shaver
Lord and Taylor, 1945–1959
 
Dennis Sheedy
Globe Smelting and Refining Company, 1889–1910
 
Robert B. Shetterly
Clorox Company, 1969–1980
 
Vincent R. Shiely
Briggs & Stratton Corporation, 1970–1977
 
Walter V. Shipley
Chase Manhattan/Chemical Bank, 1983–1999
 
Charles R. Shoemate
CPC International (BestFoods), 1990–1998
 
Leonard S. Shoen
U-Haul Rental System, 1945–1986
 
Lee Shubert
Shubert Theater Corporation, 1905–1953
 
Thomas M. Siebel
Siebel Systems, 1993–2004
 
Muriel Siebert
Muriel Siebert & Company, 1967–Present
 
Herbert J. Siegel
Chris-Craft Industries, 1968–Present
 
Igor I. Sikorsky
Sikorsky Aircraft, 1923–1957
 
Russell Simmons
Def Jam Records / Rush Communications, 1983–Present
 
Norton W. Simon
Hunt Foods & Industries, 1942–1968
 
John R. Simplot
Simplot (J. R.) Corporation, 1928–1994
 
Naomi Sims
Naomi Sims Collections, 1973–1985
 
Harry F. Sinclair
Sinclair Oil and Refining Company, 1916–1948
 
James D. Sinegal
Costco Wholesale Corporation, 1988–Present
 
Henry E. Singleton
Teledyne, 1960–1986
 
Robert F. Six
Continental Airlines, 1938–1980
 
Herbert A. Sklenar
Vulcan Materials Company, 1986–1997
 
Matthew S. Sloan
Missouri-Kansas-Texas Lines, 1933–1944
 
Alfred P. Sloan, Jr.
General Motors Corporation, 1923–1937
 
John G. Smale
Procter & Gamble Company, 1981–1990
 
Roger B. Smith
General Motors Corporation, 1981–1990
 
Goff Smith
Amsted Industries, 1974–1980
 
Elwyn L. Smith
Smith-Corona-Marchant Corporation, 1951–1960
 
Hurlburt W. Smith
Smith-Corona (L. C.) Typewriter Company, 1924–1933
 
Wilbert L. Smith
Smith-Corona (L. C.) Typewriter Company, 1910–1924
 
Cyrus R. Smith
American Airlines, 1934–1968
 
Frederick W. Smith
Federal Express Corporation, 1973–Present
 
Robert H. Sorensen
Perkin-Elmer, 1977–1984
 
William F. Souder, Jr.
Marsh & McLennan, 1969–1973
 
Joseph P. Spang, Jr.
Gillette Company, 1938–1955
 
Charles C. Spaulding
North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1923–1952
 
Henry B. Spencer
Fruit Growers Express, 1920–1948
 
Samuel Spencer
Southern Railway System, 1894–1906
 
John G. Sperling
Apollo Group, 1976–2001
 
Elmer A. Sperry
Sperry Gyroscope Company, 1910–1929
 
Steven Spielberg
Amblin Entertainment / DreamWorks, 1980–Present
 
Philip Sporn
American Electric Power Company, 1947–1961
 
John R. Stafford
American Home Products, 1986–2001
 
Harold Stanley
Morgan, Stanley and Company, 1935–1955
 
Robert C. Stanley
International Nickel Corporation, 1922–1951
 
Ellsworth M. Statler
Statler Hotels, 1907–1928
 
Alfred N. Steele
PepsiCo, 1950–1959
 
William Steere, Jr.
Pfizer, 1991–2000
 
Charles H. Steinway
Steinway and Sons, 1896–1919
 
Henry Z. Steinway
Steinway and Sons, 1957–1980
 
Theodore E. Steinway
Steinway and Sons, 1919–1957
 
Thomas G. Stemberg
Staples, 1986–2002
 
Ross S. Sterling
Humble Oil and Refining Company, 1911–1919
 
David J. Stern
National Basketball Association, 1984–Present
 
Edward R. Stettinius
Diamond Match Company, 1909–1915
 
Robert T. B. Stevens
J. P. Stevens and Company, 1929–1974
 
Whitney Stevens
J. P. Stevens and Company, 1979–1988
 
Lyman Stewart
Union Oil Company, 1894–1914
 
William L. Stewart
Union Oil Company, 1914–1930
 
James Stillman
National City Bank, 1891–1909
 
William P. Stiritz
Ralston Purina Company, 1981–1997
 
James E. Stowers, Jr.
American Century Companies, 1958–Present
 
Robert A. Stranahan, Jr.
Champion Spark Plug Company, 1955–1986
 
Jack I. Straus
Macy (R. H.) and Company, 1940–1956
 
Jesse I. Straus
Macy (R. H.) and Company, 1919–1933
 
Harold L. Stuart
Halsey, Stuart and Company, 1911–1966
 
Dwight L. Stuart
Carnation Company, 1973–1983
 
Elbridge A. Stuart
Carnation Company, 1901–1932
 
Elbridge H. Stuart
Carnation Company, 1932–1971
 
John Stuart
Quaker Oats Company, 1922–1956
 
Robert D. Stuart, Jr.
Quaker Oats Company, 1966–1981
 
John E. Swearingen
Standard Oil of Indiana, 1960–1983
 
Louis F. Swift
Swift and Company, 1903–1931
 
Gustavus F. Swift, Jr.
Swift and Company, 1931–1937
 
Gerard Swope
General Electric Company, 1922–1939
T
 
Charles D. Tandy
Tandy Corporation, 1950–1978
 
Henry Taub
Automatic Data Processing, 1949–1969
 
Walter C. Teagle
Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1917–1937
 
R. David Thomas
Wendy's International, 1969–1982
 
Seth E. Thomas, Jr.
Seth Thomas Clock Company, 1919–1931
 
John P. Thompson
Southland Corporation, 1961–1986
 
James W. Thompson
J. Walter Thompson Advertising Agency, 1878–1916
 
Joe C. Thompson, Jr.
Southland Corporation, 1931–1961
 
Charles B. (Tex) Thornton
Litton Industries, 1953–1961
 
Robert L. Tillman
Lowe's Companies, 1996–Present
 
Laurence A. Tisch
Loew's, 1961–1999
 
Randall L. Tobias
Eli Lilly & Company, 1993–1998
 
Rose Totino
Totino's Pizza, 1951–1975
 
Henry R. Towne
Yale and Towne Manufacturing Company, 1868–1916
 
Jane Trahey
Trahey Advertising, 1960–1975
 
James G. Treybig
Tandem Computers, 1974–1995
 
Juan T. Trippe
Pan American World Airways, 1927–1969
 
Alex Trotman
Ford Motor Company, 1993–1998
 
Donald J. Trump
Trump Organization, 1975–Present
 
Daniel P. Tully
Merrill Lynch & Company, 1993–1997
 
Robert E. (Ted) Turner
Turner Communications, 1963–1996
U
 
Erwin C. Uihlein
Schlitz Brewing Company, 1933–1961
 
John T. Underwood
Underwood Typewriter Company, 1903–1927
 
Frederick D. Underwood
Erie Railroad, 1901–1926
 
E. Gifford Upjohn
Upjohn Company, 1953–1961
V
 
P. Roy Vagelos
Merck & Company, 1985–1994
 
Theodore N. Vail
American Telephone and Telegraph, 1907–1919
 
Jay Van Andel
Amway Corporation, 1959–1992
 
John W. Van Dyke
Atlantic Refining Company, 1911–1927
 
Frank A. Vanderlip
National City Bank, 1909–1919
 
Watson H. Vanderploeg
Kellogg Company, 1940–1956
 
Robert L. Vann
Pittsburgh Courier, 1910–1940
 
Samuel M. Vauclain
Baldwin Locomotive, 1919–1929
 
Guy W. Vaughan
Curtiss-Wright Aircraft Company, 1935–1949
 
Lillian M. Vernon (Katz)
Lillian Vernon Corporation, 1951–Present
 
Michael A. Volkema
Herman Miller, 1995–Present
 
Ernest H. Volwiler
Abbott Laboratories, 1950–1958
 
Diane S. M. von Furstenberg
Diane von Furstenberg, Ltd, 1970–Present
W
 
Linda J. Wachner
Warnaco, 1986–Present
 
Theodore W. Waitt
Gateway, 1985–1999
 
Charles R. Walgreen
Walgreen Company, 1909–1939
 
Charles R. Walgreen III
Walgreen Company, 1969–1998
 
Charles R. Walgreen, Jr.
Walgreen Company, 1939–1969
 
Maggie L. Walker
St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, 1903–1930
 
Madam C. J. Walker
Walker Manufacturing Company, 1906–1919
 
Dwane L. Wallace
Cessna Aircraft Company, 1936–1975
 
James C. Wallace
American Ship Building Company, 1904–1913
 
DeWitt Wallace
Reader's Digest, 1921–1973
 
Henry G. Walter, Jr.
International Flavors & Fragrances, 1962–1985
 
Samuel M. Walton
Wal-Mart Corporation, 1962–1988
 
John Wanamaker
John Wanamaker and Company, 1875–1922
 
An Wang
Wang Laboratories, 1951–1981
 
Charles B. Wang
Computer Associates International, 1976–2000
 
J. Basil Ward
Addressograph-Multigraph Corporation, 1952–1966
 
Ralph E. Ward
Chesebrough-Pond's, 1968–1987
 
Solomon D. Warfield
Seaboard Air Line Railroad, 1912–1927
 
Harry M. Warner
Warner Brothers Pictures, 1923–1958
 
Lew R. Wasserman
Music Corporation of America, 1946–1994
 
Thomas J. Watson, Jr.
IBM, 1955–1971
 
Thomas J. Watson, Sr.
IBM, 1914–1955
 
Orlando F. Weber
Allied Chemical and Dye Company, 1920–1935
 
Sanford I. Weill
Travelers Group/CitiGroup, 1986–2003
 
Ernest T. Weir
National Steel Corporation, 1929–1957
 
Sigfried Weis
Weis Markets, 1961–1994
 
John F. Welch, Jr.
General Electric Company, 1981–2001
 
Henry Wendt
SmithKline Beckman, 1982–1989
 
Jann S. Wenner
Rolling Stone Magazine, 1967–Present
 
Kenneth T. Wessner
ServiceMaster Company, 1975–1983
 
George Westinghouse
Westinghouse Electric Company, 1885–1911
 
Leslie Wexner
Limited (The), Inc., 1963–Present
 
George H. Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, 1966–1999
 
John P. Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, 1914–1928
 
John P. Weyerhaeuser, Jr.
Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, 1946–1956
 
Walter H. Wheeler, Jr.
Pitney-Bowes, 1938–1971
 
Uncas A. Whitaker
AMP, 1941–1971
 
Carl E. Wickman
Greyhound Corporation, 1930–1946
 
Albert H. Wiggin
Chase National Bank, 1911–1930
 
Daniel Willard
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1910–1941
 
Joseph D. Williams
Warner-Lambert Corporation, 1985–1991
 
Langbourne M. Williams, Jr.
Freeport Sulphur Company, 1933–1958
 
Charles Erwin Wilson
General Motors Corporation, 1941–1953
 
Thornton A. Wilson
Boeing Company, 1969–1986
 
Charles Edward Wilson
General Electric Company, 1940–1950
 
C. Kemmons Wilson
Holiday Inns of America, 1951–1979
 
Joseph C. Wilson II
Xerox Corporation, 1946–1971
 
Charles D. Wiman
Deere & Company, 1928–1955
 
Oprah G. Winfrey
Harpo Productions, 1988–Present
 
Henry S. Wingate
International Nickel Corporation, 1954–1960
 
Sidney W. Winslow
United Shoe Machinery Company, 1899–1917
 
Sidney W. Winslow, Jr.
United Shoe Machinery Company, 1927–1939
 
Paul B. Wishart
Honeywell, 1953–1960
 
William M. Wood
American Woolen Mills Company, 1899–1926
 
Richard D. Wood
Eli Lilly & Company, 1973–1991
 
Robert E. Wood
Sears, Roebuck & Company, 1928–1954
 
Robert W. Woodruff
Coca-Cola Company, 1923–1955
 
Edgar S. Woolard, Jr.
DuPont Corporation, 1989–1995
 
Clarence M. Woolley
American Radiator Company, 1902–1924
 
Charles S. Woolworth
Woolworth (F. W.) and Company, 1919–1944
 
Frank W. Woolworth
Woolworth (F. W.) and Company, 1879–1919
 
Horace C. Wright
Sunbeam Corporation, 1935–1961
 
Joseph S. Wright
Zenith Radio Corporation, 1959–1976
 
Philip K. Wrigley
William Wrigley Jr. Company, 1925–1961
 
William Wrigley III
William Wrigley Jr. Company, 1961–1999
 
William Wrigley, Jr.
William Wrigley Jr. Company, 1892–1925
 
Walter B. Wriston
Citibank/CitiCorp, 1967–1984
 
Alan L. Wurtzel
Circuit City Stores, 1973–1986
 
Oscar S. Wyatt, Jr.
Coastal Corporation, 1955–1997
Y
 
Jerry Yang
Yahoo!, 1995–Present
 
John A. Young
Hewlett-Packard Company, 1978–1992
 
Robert R. Young
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, 1937–1954
 
Walter R. Young, Jr.
Champion Enterprises, 1990–2003
Z
 
Alfred M. Zeien
Gillette Company, 1991–1999
 
Samuel M. Zemurray
United Fruit Company, 1938–1951
 
Vincent C. Ziegler
Gillette Company, 1965–1973
 
Adolph Zukor
Paramount Pictures, 1916–1966
Load More

THE 20th CENTURY ZEITGEIST

Six contextual factors deeply influenced the opportunities available to 20th century business leaders:

  • Demographics
  • Technology
  • Social Mores
  • Government
  • Labor
  • Global

the 20th Century Zeitgeist

Demographics
  • Demographics
  • Technology
  • Social Mores
  • Government Intervention
  • Labor
  • Global Events
Influence: High
190019

8.8 million immigrants arrive throughout decade

Cities expand

Population grows from 76 to 92 million

Rural Free Delivery routes added

Influence: Medium
10191019

Anti-immigration sentiment peaks during WWI

Great Migration begins as African-Americans relocate from rural South to northern cities

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

Population of urban centers overtakes that of rural communities

Tight immigration restrictions

Increase in divorce rates

Influence: Medium-Low
30193019

Westward migration of midwestern farmers and laborers for employment and better climate

Massive dust storms uproot millions

Smallest ten-year increase in population: 123-132 million

Influence: Medium-High
40194019

Baby boom begins

Suburbs start to form

Influence: High
50195019

Medical advances extend life expectancy

More people now live in suburbs than cities

Population soars to 179 million

largest ten-year increase

Influence: High
60196019

Baby boom tapers off

Emigration from Asia and Latin America surges

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

Urban blight

Rust Belt

Influence: Medium-High
80198019

Population migrates to West and Southwest

Influence: High
901990

Immigration tops 9 million (largest number since first decade)

Baby boomers age

Hispanics become fastest-growing minority

Population grows from 250 million to 281 million

Influence: Medium-High
190019

Model T

Plastic

Safety razor

Widespread use of steam engine, electricity, and openhearth furnace allows businesses to expand nationwide

Influence: Medium
10191019

First widespread use of auto assembly line

Self-starter increases popularity of automobile

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

KDKA, first radio station

First talking movie,

Influence: Medium
30193019

Advances in aviation

Nylon

Fiberglass

Instant photography

Air-conditioning begins to realize commercial potential

Influence: High
40194019

Planes and ships built in less than a day for the war effort

Atomic bomb

ENIAC computer

Penicillin used extensively to treat soldiers' infections

Synthetic rubberx

Influence: High
50195019

Television sales expand dramatically

Transistors used in portable radios and calculators

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Man walks on the moon

Color TV market grows

Microchips expand possibilities in electronics industry

Integrated circuit boards replace transistor technology

First ATM installed

Influence: Medium
70197019

Beginning of biotech industry

Fiber-optic wire

Pong (first video game)

UPC bar code

Supercomputer

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Software industry booms

PC use expands in scale and scope

CAD/CAM revolutionizes manufacturing

Space shuttle

Influence: Medium-High
901990

Boom in connectivity

Cloning, stem cell research

DVDs

Influence: Medium
190019

Progressivism

The Jungle sparks food and work safety movement

Influence: Low
10191019

Sedition Act

Prohibition begins

Red Scare

Race riots

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

Social divisions arise between rural and urban areas

Women's suffrage

Harlem Renaissance

Rampant bootlegging and organized crime

Influence: Medium
30193019

Escapism in radio serials

Prohibition repealed

Golden age of movies

Influence: Medium-Low
40194019

Patriotism soars

GI Bill

Influence: Medium-Low
50195019

Social conformity

McCarthyism

Membership in organized religion soars

Brown v. Board of Education desegregated public schools>

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Civil rights movement gain strength

Antiwar sentiment divides electorate

FDA approves oral contraceptive pill

Influence: High
70197019

National Organization for Women mobilizes for Equal Rights Amendment

Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion

Social discord continues over Vietnam War and civil rights

Watergate scandal undermines faith in authority

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Moral Majority

"Me" generation

Focus on training and fitness

Income gap widens dramatically

AIDS

Influence: High
901990

Internet "irrational exuberance"

Antigovernment sentiment: Waco standoff; Oklahoma City bombing

Influence: Medium-Low
190019

First significant enforcement of Sherman Antitrust Act

Pure Food and Drug Act; breakup of beef trust

Excise Tax imposed on corporations

Tariff Act forces corporations to open their books for government inspection

Influence: High
10191019

Breakup of Standard Oil and American Tobacco

Clayton Antitrust Act

Federal Reserve Act

First Federal-Aid Highway Act

Federal Trade Commission established

Personal income tax reinstituted

Influence: Low
20192019

U.S. Steel and Alcoa withstand antitrust accusations

Personal and corporate tax rates cut

Airmail service starts

Influence: High
30193019

The New Deal

Commercial and investment banking separated

Reconstruction Finance Corp. created to combat bank and business failures

Introduction of Federal Deposit Insurance

SEC established

Federal regulations prohibit false advertising

Influence: Low
40194019

Military spending explodes

Graduated income tax, Victory Tax adopted to fund war effort

Rationing

Influence: Medium-Low
50195019

Military spending shifts to nuclear deterrents

Small Business Administration created

Influence: Medium
60196019

Great Society

Consumer and environmental protection movements strengthen

Vehicle Safety Act and Highway Safety Act

Closing merger loophole opens door for conglomerate business model

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

Deregulation of oil and airline industries

New energy policies and programs

Stagflation cripples economy

Environmental protection weakened

Price controls

Influence: Low
80198019

Reaganomics

Heavy defense and deficit spending

Savings and Loan bailout

Chrysler bailout

Breakup of AT&T

Influence: Medium-Low
901990

Family and Medical Leave Act

Americans with Disabilities Act

Welfare reform

Antitrust action initiated against Microsoft

Influence: Medium-Low
190019

Fewer than 500,000 union members

Department of Commerce and Labor created

Influence: Medium
10191019

Ford doubles factory wages and shortens workday

Labor Secretary position created

Worker shortage: Unions double membership and increase wages

Influence: Medium-Low
20192019

Union membership declines sharply

Minimum wage and maximum working hour legislation overturned

Influence: High
30193019

Unemployment peaks at 25%

Unions surge, adding 7 million members in a single year

Sit-down strikes at GM and other auto makers

Government work programs launched: CCC, PWA, WPA

CIO union created

NLRB created

Fair Labor Standards Act sets minimum wage

Influence: Low
40194019

Rosie the Riveter

Postwar strikes

Productivity surge

Government backlash against postwar union movement

Influence: Medium
50195019

The Organization Man

Union membership peaks

The AFL merges with the CIO: 15 million members

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Factory automation slashes jobs

Service industry outpaces growth in manufacturing

Civil Rights Act

Equal Pay Act

Unions concentrated in big businesses

Formation of United Farm Workers union

Influence: Medium
70197019

Wage controls

OSHA created

Service economy expands

Women enter the workforce in large numbers

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Air traffic controllers' union dismantled

Union representation drops

Information technology redistributes job functions

Influence: Low
901990

Reengineering

Record high employment

Service sector outpaces manufacturing in new job creation

Influence: Low
190019

U.S. begins construction of Panama Canal

Influence: High
10191019

War Industries Board coordinates activities among labor, government, and business for WWI

Cost-plus contracts introduced

Protectionist tariffs reduced

Influence: Medium-Low
20192019

Isolationism

U.S. restores high tariffs

U.S. pushes for debt recovery

Allied nations seek war reparations from Axis powers

Influence: Medium-Low
30193019

Increased tariff protection through Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

Continued isolationism

Influence: High
40194019

War Production Board readies nation for WWII

U.S. becomes a global power

Creation of IMF and World Bank

Marshall Plan

Cold war begins

Influence: Medium-High
50195019

Cold war escalates

Korean War forces another mobilization effort

Influence: High
60196019

Cold war continues to build

Bay of Pigs invasion; Cuban Missile Crisis

Vietnam War escalates

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

OPEC oil crisis

Vietnam War ends

Iran hostage crisis

Imports outpace exports

Influence: Medium-High
80198019

Berlin wall falls

End of cold war

Iran-Contra Affair

Influence: High
901990

USSR dismantled; ethnic conflicts exposed

Gulf War: real-time TV coverage

Asian financial crisis

NAFTA enacted

European Union forms