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Great American Business Leaders of the 20th Century

Great American Business Leaders of the 20th Century

  • The 20th Century Zeitgeist
  • Charts & Statistics
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A
 

Robert S. Abbott

Chicago Defender, 1905–1940
 

Benjamin Abrams

Emerson Radio & Phonograph Corporation, 1922–1966
 

Leonard Abramson

US Healthcare, 1975–1996
 

Thomas Adams, Jr.

American Chicle Company, 1899–1922
 

Kenneth S. Adams

Phillips Petroleum Company, 1938–1951
 

Terrence E. Adderley

Kelly Services, 1967–Present
 

Howard F. Ahmanson

H. F. Ahmanson & Company, 1927–1968
 

Lester M. Alberthal, Jr.

Electronic Data Systems, 1986–1998
 

Winthrop W. Aldrich

Chase National Bank, 1930–1953
 

Archie A. Alexander

Alexander & Repass, 1914–1954
 

Henry C. Alexander

Morgan Guaranty Trust, 1959–1967
 

William M. Allen

Boeing Company, 1945–1969
 

Howard L. Aller

American Power and Light Company, 1935–1951
 

Stanley C. Allyn

National Cash Register Company, 1940–1961
 

Arthur E. Andersen

Arthur Andersen and Company, 1913–1947
 

Robert O. Anderson

Atlantic Richfield Company, 1965–1982
 

Paul R. Andrews

Prentice-Hall, 1965–1970
 

Walter H. Annenberg

Triangle Publications, 1942–1968
 

Elizabeth Arden

Elizabeth Arden Company, 1910–1966
 

J. Ogden Armour

Armour and Company, 1901–1923
 

C. Michael Armstrong

American Telephone and Telegraph, 1997–2002
 

Desiderio A. Arnaz

Desilu Productions, 1950–1962
 

Mary Kay Ash

Mary Kay Cosmetics, 1963–1987
 

Roy L. Ash

Litton Industries, 1961–1972
 

H. Brewster Atwater, Jr.

General Mills, 1981–1995
 

Beatrice F. Auerbach

G. Fox & Company, 1938–1965
 

J. Paul Austin

Coca-Cola Company, 1966–1980
 

Sewell L. Avery

Montgomery, Ward and Company, 1936–1955
B
 

Earl D. Babst

American Sugar Refining, 1915–1937
 

Jules S. Bache

J. S. Bache & Company, 1892–1944
 

Leo H. Baekeland

Bakelite Corporation, 1909–1939
 

Melvin H. Baker

National Gypsum Company, 1928–1951
 

Frank C. Ball

Ball Brothers Company, 1887–1943
 

Ian K. Ballantine

Ballantine Books, 1952–1974
 

Louis F. Bantle

UST, 1973–1993
 

Ohio C. Barber

Diamond Match Company, 1888–1909
 

Don H. Barden

Barden Communications, 1981–Present
 

Bruce Barton

Batten, Barton, Durstine and Osborn, 1919–1936
 

Enos M. Barton

Western Electric Company, 1886–1908
 

Carol Bartz

Autodesk, 1992–2006
 

Bernard M. Baruch

Baruch Brothers, 1903–1916
 

Frank Batten

Landmark Communications, 1967–1998
 

William M. Batten

JCPenney Company, 1958–1974
 

Edward Bausch

Bausch and Lomb Company, 1926–1935
 

Vaughn L. Beals, Jr.

Harley-Davidson, 1981–1996
 

Leon L. Bean

L. L. Bean, 1912–1967
 

Amos L. Beaty

Texaco, 1920–1926
 

Howard O. Beaver, Jr.

Carpenter Technology Corporation, 1971–1983
 

Hans W. Becherer

Deere & Company, 1989–2000
 

Stephen D. Bechtel

Betchel Corporation, 1935–1960
 

Garner A. Beckett

American Cement Corporation, 1936–1957
 

Arnold O. Beckman

Beckman Instruments, 1935–1982
 

Edward T. Bedford

Corn Products Refining Company, 1906–1930
 

Edward J. Bednarz

Pinkerton's, 1967–1979
 

Olive Ann M. Beech

Beech Aircraft Corporation, 1950–1968
 

Eugene N. Beesley

Eli Lilly & Company, 1969–1973
 

Hernand Behn

International Telephone and Telegraph, 1920–1933
 

Sosthenes Behn

International Telephone and Telegraph, 1933–1956
 

Glen W. Bell

Taco Bell Corporation, 1962–1975
 

James S. Bell

Washburn, Crosby Milling Company, 1889–1915
 

William B. Bell

American Cyanamid Company, 1922–1950
 

Henry H. Benedict

Remington Typewriter Company, 1895–1913
 

Robert F. Bensinger

Brunswick, 1930–1963
 

Michel C. Bergerac

Revlon, 1975–1985
 

William Bernbach

Doyle Dane Bernbach, 1949–1976
 

Edward J. Berwind

Berwind-White Coal Mining Company, 1886–1930
 

Gordon M. Bethune

Continental Airlines, 1994–2004
 

Jeffrey P. Bezos

Amazon.com, 1994–Present
 

John D. Biggers

Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company, 1930–1953
 

Gordon M. Binder

Amgen, 1988–2000
 

Stephen Birch

Kennecott Copper, 1915–1933
 

Clarence Birdseye

General Seafood's Company, 1924–1929
 

William Blackie

Caterpillar Tractor Company, 1963–1977
 

Harold Blancke

Celanese Corporation of America, 1946–1966
 

Henry W. Bloch

H & R Block, 1978–1992
 

Richard A. Bloch

H & R Block, 1955–1978
 

Michael R. Bloomberg

Bloomberg, L. P., 1982–2001
 

Charles G. Bluhdorn

Gulf and Western, 1958–1983
 

W. Michael Blumenthal

Bendix Corporation, 1967–1976
 

William E. Boeing

Boeing Company, 1916–1934
 

Harold Boeschenstein

Owens-Corning Fiberglass Company, 1938–1963
 

John C. Bogle

The Vanguard Group, 1974–1995
 

Elizabeth E. Boit

Winship, Boit, & Company, 1888–1928
 

J. Chadbourn Bolles

Chadbourn, 1936–1970
 

Fred J. Borch

General Electric Company, 1963–1972
 

Lawrence A. Bossidy

AlliedSignal, Inc., 1991–1999
 

Marvin Bower

McKinsey & Company, 1950–1967
 

Horace Bowker

American Agricultural Chemical Company, 1929–1937
 

Joseph A. Boyd

Harris Corporation, 1972–1986
 

Francis Boyer

Smith Kline & French Laboratories, 1951–1958
 

Joseph Boyer

Burroughs Adding Machine Company, 1905–1920
 

Milton Bradley

Milton Bradley Company, 1864–1911
 

Thomas E. Braniff

Braniff Airways, 1930–1954
 

Joseph D. Brenner

AMP, 1972–1982
 

Stephen F. Briggs

Outboard Motors Corporation, 1929–1963
 

James L. Broadhead

FPL Group, 1989–2000
 

Charles F. Brooker

American Brass Company, 1900–1920
 

Owsley Brown II

Brown-Forman Corporation, 1993–2003
 

John Y. Brown, Jr.

Kentucky Fried Chicken Company, 1964–1973
 

Charles L. Brown

American Telephone and Telegraph, 1979–1986
 

Francis C. Brown

Schering Corporation, 1943–1966
 

Herman Brown

Brown and Root, 1929–1962
 

John W. Brown

Stryker Corporation, 1977–2004
 

Lewis H. Brown

Johns-Manville Corporation, 1929–1946
 

Alvin G. Brush

American Home Products, 1935–1965
 

John H. Bryan, Jr.

Sara Lee Corporation, 1975–2000
 

Edward G. Budd

E. G. Budd Company, 1912–1946
 

Ralph Budd

Great Northern Railroad, 1919–1932
 

Herbert P. Buetow

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1953–1963
 

Warren E. Buffett

Berkshire Hathaway, 1969–Present
 

Morgan G. Bulkeley

Aetna Life Insurance Company, 1879–1922
 

Arde Bulova

Bulova Watch Company, 1930–1958
 

Steven A. Burd

Safeway, 1993–Present
 

James E. Burke

Johnson & Johnson Company, 1976–1989
 

Leo Burnett

Leo Burnett Company, 1935–1971
 

Duane L. Burnham

Abbott Laboratories, 1990–1999
 

David Burpee

W. A. Burpee Company, 1917–1970
 

Washington A. Burpee

W. A. Burpee Company, 1878–1915
 

Donald C. Burr

People Express Airlines, 1980–1986
 

Thomas J. Burrell

Burrell Advertising, 1971–2003
 

Robert N. Burt

FMC Corporation, 1991–2001
 

Adolphus Busch

Anheuser-Busch Brewery, 1880–1913
C
 

Vincent A. Calarco

Crompton Corporation, 1985–2004
 

Philip Caldwell

Ford Motor Company, 1979–1985
 

D. Wayne Calloway

PepsiCo, 1986–1996
 

Asa G. Candler

Coca-Cola Company, 1886–1916
 

Charles A. Cannon

Cannon Mills Company, 1921–1971
 

James W. Cannon

Cannon Mills Company, 1887–1921
 

Floyd L. Carlisle

St. Regis Paper Company, 1916–1934
 

Curtis L. Carlson

Gold Bond Stamp Company / Carlson Companies, 1938–1998
 

Edward E. Carlson

United Airlines, 1971–1979
 

Hattie Carnegie

Hattie Carnegie, 1909–1956
 

Walter S. Carpenter, Jr.

DuPont Corporation, 1940–1948
 

Willis H. Carrier

Carrier Corporation, 1914–1948
 

Edward W. Carter

Carter Hawley Hale, 1946–1977
 

Frank T. Cary

IBM, 1973–1981
 

Stephen M. Case

America Online, 1985–2001
 

James E. Casey

United Parcel Service, 1907–1962
 

Louis S. Cates

Phelps-Dodge Company, 1930–1947
 

John T. Chambers

Cisco Systems, 1994–Present
 

Harry Chandler

Los Angeles Times, 1917–1940
 

Roy D. Chapin

Hudson Motor Company, 1909–1923
 

Owen R. Cheatham

Georgia-Pacific Corporation, 1927–1967
 

Robert A. Chesebrough

Chesebrough Manufacturing Company, 1875–1909
 

Colby M. Chester

General Foods Corporation, 1924–1935
 

Hugh J. Chisholm

International Paper Company, 1899–1907
 

Walter P. Chrysler

Chrysler Corporation, 1924–1935
 

Elisabeth Claiborne

Liz Claiborne, 1976–1989
 

Howard L. Clark

American Express Company, 1960–1977
 

Catherine T. Clark

Brownberry Ovens, 1946–1972
 

James H. Clark

Silicon Graphics, 1981–1994
 

Richard W. Clark

Dick Clark Productions, 1956–2007
 

William L. Clayton

Anderson, Clayton and Company, 1904–1940
 

Martin W. Clement

Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 1935–1948
 

Charles A. Coffin

General Electric Company, 1892–1913
 

Ben Cohen

Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream, 1978–1994
 

Wilton D. Cole

Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, 1956–1963
 

Gilbert Colgate

Colgate-Palmolive Company, 1920–1928
 

Samuel B. Colgate

Colgate-Palmolive Company, 1933–1938
 

John L. Collyer

B. F. Goodrich Company, 1939–1953
 

Samuel P. Colt

United States Rubber Company, 1892–1918
 

Herman Cone II

Cone Mills Corporation, 1938–1950
 

John T. Connor

Merck & Company, 1955–1964
 

Carle C. Conway

Continental Can Company, 1926–1959
 

Willibald H. Conzen

Schering-Plough Corporation, 1966–1978
 

Lodwrick M. Cook

Atlantic Richfield Company, 1985–1995
 

Scott D. Cook

Intuit, 1983–1994
 

Adolph Coors

Adolph Coors Brewing Company, 1873–1923
 

Peter H. Coors

Adolph Coors Brewing Company, 1993–2000
 

William K. Coors

Adolph Coors Brewing Company, 1970–1993
 

Helen K. Copley

Copley Newspapers, 1973–1997
 

Ira C. Copley

Western Utility Corporation, 1905–1926
 

Ralph J. Cordiner

General Electric Company, 1950–1963
 

William E. Corey

United States Steel Corporation, 1903–1911
 

Joshua S. Cosden

Cosden & Company, 1914–1923
 

Charles L. Coughlin

Briggs & Stratton Corporation, 1935–1970
 

Robert L. Crandall

American Airlines, 1985–1998
 

Richard T. Crane, Jr.

Crane Company, 1914–1931
 

Richard T. Crane

Crane Company, 1859–1912
 

Frederick C. Crawford

Thompson Products, 1933–1958
 

Joseph W. Crosby

Thiokol Corporation, 1947–1963
 

Bert S. Cross

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1963–1969
 

F. Trammell Crow

Trammell Crow Company, 1947–1986
 

Henry P. Crowell

Quaker Oats Company, 1901–1922
 

Henry Crown

Material Service Corporation, 1921–1941
 

Richard J. Cullen

International Paper Company, 1936–1948
 

John W. Culligan

American Home Products, 1981–1986
 

Joseph S. Cullinan

Texaco, 1902–1913
 

Joseph F. Cullman III

Philip Morris Companies, 1957–1979
 

Bernard M. Culver

Continental Insurance Company, 1932–1946
 

Nathan Cummings

Consolidated Foods, 1939–1975
 

Harry B. Cunningham

S. S. Kresge Company/K Mart, 1959–1972
 

Harlow H. Curtice

General Motors Corporation, 1953–1958
 

Cyrus H. K. Curtis

Curtis Publishing Company, 1879–1932
D
 

C. Donald Dallas

Revere Copper and Brass, 1931–1947
 

William H. Danforth

Ralston Purina Company, 1894–1932
 

Justin Dart

United Drug Company, 1943–1980
 

Francis B. Davis Jr.

United States Rubber Company, 1929–1942
 

Arthur V. Davis

Alcoa, 1910–1928
 

Charles S. Davis

Borg-Warner Corporation, 1928–1950
 

James E. Davis

Winn-Dixie Stores, 1946–1983
 

Max De Pree

Herman Miller, 1980–1987
 

Edward DeBartolo

Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation, 1948–1994
 

Arthur J. Decio

Skyline Corporation, 1959–1998
 

Alonzo G. Decker, Jr.

Black & Decker Corporation, 1964–1975
 

Robert F. Dee

SmithKline Corporation, 1972–1982
 

Michael Dell

Dell Computer Corporation, 1984–Present
 

Jerry Della Femina

Della Femina and Travisano, 1967–1986
 

Fred DeLuca

Subway Sandwiches, 1965–Present
 

Henry S. Dennison

Dennison Manufacturing Company, 1912–1952
 

Richard R. Deupree

Procter & Gamble Company, 1930–1948
 

Richard M. DeVos

Amway Corporation, 1959–1992
 

Robert E. Dewar

K-Mart Corporation, 1972–1979
 

Morse G. Dial

Union Carbide Corporation, 1952–1963
 

Alfred B. Dick Jr.

A. B. Dick and Company, 1934–1947
 

Alfred B. Dick

A. B. Dick and Company, 1883–1934
 

Earl B. Dickerson

Supreme Life Insurance Company of America, 1956–1971
 

Walter E. Disney

Walt Disney Company, 1929–1966
 

Leland I. Doan

Dow Chemical Corporation, 1947–1962
 

Ronald W. Dollens

Guidant Corporation, 1994–2004
 

James C. Donnell

Ohio Oil Company, 1911–1927
 

Otto D. Donnell

Ohio Oil Company, 1927–1948
 

Frederic G. Donner

General Motors Corporation, 1958–1967
 

Georges F. Doriot

American R&D Corporation, 1946–1972
 

Arthur C. Dorrance

Campbell Soup Company, 1930–1946
 

John T. Dorrance

Campbell Soup Company, 1914–1930
 

Frank N. Doubleday

Doubleday and Company, 1897–1927
 

Nelson Doubleday

Doubleday and Company, 1928–1946
 

Donald W. Douglas

Douglas Aircraft Company, 1928–1957
 

Herbert H. Dow

Dow Chemical Corporation, 1897–1930
 

Willard H. Dow

Dow Chemical Corporation, 1930–1947
 

Harrington Drake

Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, 1975–1984
 

Millard S. Drexler

Gap, 1995–2002
 

Camille Dreyfus

Celanese Corporation of America, 1918–1945
 

John F. Dryden

Prudential Life Insurance Company, 1881–1911
 

Lammot du Pont

DuPont Corporation, 1926–1940
 

Pierre S. du Pont

DuPont Corporation, 1915–1919
 

Thomas C. du Pont

DuPont Corporation, 1902–1915
 

David Duffield

PeopleSoft, 1987–1999
 

James B. Duke

American Tobacco Company, 1890–1912
 

William Durant

General Motors Corporation, 1916–1920
E
 

George Eastman

Eastman Kodak Company, 1881–1923
 

Robert J. Eaton

Chrysler Corporation, 1993–1998
 

Jack M. Eckerd

Eckerd Corporation, 1952–1974
 

Bernard A. Edison

Edison Brothers Stores, 1968–1987
 

Richard J. Egan

EMC Corporation, 1979–1991
 

Louis K. Eilers

Eastman Kodak Company, 1967–1972
 

Michael D. Eisner

Walt Disney Company, 1984–2005
 

Lawrence J. Ellison

Oracle Corporation, 1977–Present
 

Victor Emanuel

AVCO, 1939–1960
 

John C. Emery, Jr.

Emery Air Freight, 1968–1987
 

John C. Emery, Sr.

Emery Air Freight, 1946–1967
 

Roger A. Enrico

PepsiCo, 1996–2001
 

Ole Evinrude

Outboard Motors Corporation, 1920–1928
 

John A. Ewald

Avon Products, 1944–1967
F
 

Lothar W. Faber

Eberhard-Faber Company, 1898–1943
 

Max (Francis) Factor, Jr.

Max Factor Company, 1938–1973
 

Frank J. Fahey

Gillette Company, 1913–1931
 

William A. Fairburn

Diamond Match Company, 1915–1947
 

Benjamin F. Fairless

United States Steel Corporation, 1935–1953
 

Otto H. Falk

Allis-Chalmers Company, 1913–1932
 

Walter A. Fallon

Eastman Kodak Company, 1972–1983
 

William S. Farish

Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1937–1942
 

James A. Farrell

United States Steel Corporation, 1911–1932
 

Marshall Field III

Field Enterprises (Chicago Sun/Parade Publications), 1941–1956
 

Marshall Field

Marshall Field and Company, 1867–1906
 

Debra J. S. Fields

Mrs. Fields Cookies, 1977–1996
 

Edward A. Filene

Filene's, 1908–1928
 

Paul Fireman

Reebok International, 1979–2006
 

Harvey S. Firestone, Jr.

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 1941–1963
 

Harvey S. Firestone

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 1900–1932
 

Donald G. Fisher

Gap, 1969–1995
 

Frederick J. Fisher

Fisher Body Company, 1908–1926
 

Herman G. Fisher

Fisher-Price Toy Company, 1930–1966
 

Donald V. Fites

Caterpillar Tractor Company, 1990–1999
 

Henry M. Flagler

Florida East Coast Railway, 1886–1913
 

Henry Ford II

Ford Motor Company, 1945–1979
 

Henry Ford

Ford Motor Company, 1906–1918
 

Edward A. Fox

Student Loan Marketing Association, 1973–1990
 

William Fox

Fox Film Company, 1915–1929
 

Clarence Francis

General Foods Corporation, 1935–1943
 

John M. Franklin

United States Lines, 1946–1960
 

Frank M. Freimann

Magnavox Company, 1950–1967
 

Jack Frye

Trans-World Airlines, 1934–1947
 

Richard S. Fuld, Jr.

Lehman Brothers and Company, 1994–2008
 

Alfred C. Fuller

Fuller Brush Company, 1906–1943
 

Walter D. Fuller

Curtis Publishing Company, 1933–1957
 

Richard M. Furlaud

Squibb Corporation, 1968–1989
G
 

Henry W. Gadsden

Merck & Company, 1965–1975
 

Ernest Gallo

Gallo (E. & J.) Winery, 1933–1993
 

Paul V. Galvin

Motorola, 1928–1956
 

Robert W. Galvin

Motorola, 1956–1986
 

Frank E. Gannett

Gannett Company, 1906–1957
 

Edward G. Gardner

Soft Sheen Products, 1964–1985
 

Arthur G. Gaston

Booker T. Washington Insurance, 1932–1987
 

William H. Gates III

Microsoft Corporation, 1975–2000
 

Stanley C. Gault

Rubbermaid, 1980–1991
 

David L. Geffen

Geffen Records, 1984–1989
 

Richard L. Gelb

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 1972–1994
 

Harold S. Geneen

International Telephone and Telegraph, 1959–1977
 

William W. George

Medtronic, 1991–2000
 

Daniel F. Gerber, Jr.

Gerber Products Company, 1945–1974
 

Daniel F. Gerber

Gerber Products Company, 1917–1945
 

Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.

IBM, 1993–2002
 

Jean Paul Getty

Getty Oil Company, 1956–1976
 

Amadeo Peter Giannini

Bank of America, 1904–1936
 

Lawrence M. Giannini

Bank of America, 1936–1952
 

Fred M. Gibbons

Software Publishing Company, 1980–1994
 

Truman K. Gibson

Supreme Life Insurance Company of America, 1919–1955
 

Vincent A. Gierer, Jr.

UST, 1993–Present
 

Walter S. Gifford

American Telephone and Telegraph, 1925–1948
 

Frank L. Gillespie

Liberty Life Insurance, 1919–1925
 

King C. Gillette

Gillette Company, 1901–1913
 

Raymond V. Gilmartin

Merck & Company, 1994–2005
 

Bernard F. Gimbel

Gimbel Brothers Department Stores, 1925–1953
 

Isaac Gimbel

Gimbel Brothers Department Stores, 1894–1925
 

Tom M. Girdler

Republic Steel Corporation, 1930–1937
 

David D. Glass

Wal-Mart Corporation, 1988–2000
 

Roberto C. Goizueta

Coca-Cola Company, 1981–1997
 

Leonard H. Goldenson

American Broadcasting-Paramount Theaters, 1949–1986
 

Stanley P. Goldstein

Melville Corporation, 1987–1998
 

Samuel Goldwyn

Samuel Goldwyn Productions, 1916–1959
 

Harvey Golub

American Express Company, 1993–2001
 

Melvin R. Goodes

Warner-Lambert Corporation, 1991–1999
 

James H. Goodnight

SAS Institute, 1976–Present
 

Albert H. Gordon

Kidder, Peabody Group, 1931–1968
 

Berry Gordy, Jr.

Motown Records Corporation, 1959–1986
 

Eugene G. Grace

Bethlehem Steel Corporation, 1916–1957
 

J. Peter Grace

W. R. Grace and Company, 1945–1992
 

Katharine M. Graham

Washington Post, 1963–1979
 

William B. Graham

Baxter International, 1953–1980
 

William T. Grant

W. T. Grant Company, 1906–1924
 

Earl G. Graves

Black Enterprise Magazine, 1970–Present
 

Bowman Gray, Jr.

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1957–1967
 

James A. Gray, Jr.

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1935–1949
 

Bowman Gray

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1924–1935
 

Carl R. Gray

Union Pacific Railroad, 1920–1937
 

Adolphus W. Green

National Biscuit Company, 1905–1917
 

Alan C. Greenberg

Bear Stearns Companies, 1978–1993
 

Maurice R. Greenberg

American International Group, 1967–1989
 

Crawford H. Greenewalt

DuPont Corporation, 1948–1967
 

Dick Griffey

Dick Griffey Productions, 1977–Present
 

Mervyn E. Griffin, Jr.

Griffin Productions, 1963–1985
 

Eugene P. Grisanti

International Flavors & Fragrances, 1985–1999
 

Robert E. Gross

Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1934–1956
 

Andrew S. Grove

Intel, 1987–1998
 

Robert C. Guccione

Penthouse International Limited, 1965–2003
 

Daniel Guggenheim

American Smelting and Refining Company, 1900–1919
 

William Guthy

Guthy-Renker Corporation, 1988–2004
H
 

Walter A. Haas, Jr.

Levi Strauss and Company, 1958–1976
 

Otto Haas

Rohm and Haas Company, 1909–1960
 

Walter A. Haas

Levi Strauss and Company, 1922–1957
 

Patrick E. Haggerty

Texas Instruments, 1958–1976
 

Joyce C. Hall

Hallmark Cards, 1910–1966
 

Erle P. Halliburton

Halliburton, 1920–1956
 

Armand Hammer

Occidental Oil Company, 1957–1990
 

John P. Harbin

Halliburton, 1972–1982
 

Edward G. Harness

Procter & Gamble Company, 1974–1981
 

Lore Harp

Vector Graphics, 1976–1984
 

C. Michael Harper

ConAgra, 1975–1993
 

Ralph A. Hart

Heublein, 1965–1970
 

George H. Hartford

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, 1878–1915
 

John A. Hartford

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, 1920–1949
 

Stephen D. Hassenfeld

Hasbro Toys, 1979–1989
 

Harold V. Haverty

Deluxe Corporation, 1986–1995
 

William R. Hearst

American Newspapers, 1887–1937
 

Christine A. Hefner

Playboy Enterprises, 1988–2001
 

Hugh M. Hefner

Playboy Enterprises, 1953–1988
 

John R. Hegeman

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1891–1918
 

Charles A. Heimbold, Jr.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 1994–2001
 

Henry J. Heinz II

H. J. Heinz Company, 1941–1966
 

Henry J. Heinz

H. J. Heinz Company, 1905–1919
 

Howard Heinz

H. J. Heinz Company, 1919–1941
 

Henry F. Henderson, Jr.

Henderson (H. F.) Industries, 1952–Present
 

Bruce D. Henderson

Boston Consulting Group, 1968–1980
 

Paul C. Henshaw

Homestake Mining Company, 1971–1982
 

Stuart K. Hensley

Warner-Lambert Corporation, 1967–1972
 

Paul Henson

United Utilities/Sprint Corporation, 1966–1990
 

Alonzo B. Hepburn

Chase National Bank, 1904–1911
 

Alonzo F. Herndon

Atlanta Life Insurance Company, 1905–1927
 

Ray W. Herrick

Tecumseh Products, 1930–1972
 

Milton S. Hershey

Hershey Chocolate Company, 1900–1941
 

John D. Hertz

Yellow Cab Company, 1915–1929
 

Raymond H. Herzog

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1975–1979
 

Leon Hess

Amerada Hess, 1933–1995
 

William R. Hewlett

Hewlett-Packard Company, 1969–1978
 

Frank G. Hickey

General Instrument Corporation, 1978–1990
 

Wayne Hicklin

Avon Products, 1967–1972
 

John M. Hiebert

Sterling Drug, 1955–1972
 

E. G. Higdon

Maytag Corporation, 1962–1973
 

Andrew J. Higgins

Higgins Industries, 1930–1952
 

George W. Hill

American Tobacco Company, 1925–1946
 

James J. Hill

Great Northern Railroad, 1882–1907
 

Louis W. Hill

Great Northern Railroad, 1907–1912
 

Conrad N. Hilton

Hilton Hotels Corporation, 1946–1966
 

Samuel F. Hinkle

Hershey Foods Corporation, 1956–1965
 

Charles E. Hires

Charles E. Hires Company, 1890–1918
 

Dee Ward Hock

VISA, 1970–1984
 

Paul G. Hoffman

Studebaker Corporation, 1935–1948
 

Philip B. Hofmann

Johnson & Johnson Company, 1963–1973
 

Hale Holden

Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 1920–1929
 

Eugene Holman

Exxon Corporation, 1944–1960
 

Charles R. Hook

Armco Steel Company, 1930–1948
 

Elon H. Hooker

Hooker Chemical Company, 1909–1938
 

Herbert W. Hoover, Jr.

Hoover Company, 1954–1966
 

Herbert W. Hoover

Hoover Company, 1922–1954
 

John J. Horan

Merck & Company, 1976–1985
 

George A. Hormel

Hormel and Company, 1891–1929
 

Jay C. Hormel

Hormel and Company, 1929–1945
 

Amos Hostetter, Jr.

Continental Cablevision, 1963–1996
 

Amory Houghton, Jr.

Corning Glass Company, 1964–1982
 

Alanson B. Houghton

Corning Glass Company, 1910–1930
 

Amory Houghton

Corning Glass Company, 1930–1960
 

Ivan J. Houston

Golden State Insurance, 1970–1990
 

Norman O. Houston

Golden State Insurance, 1945–1970
 

Harold J. Hudson, Jr.

General Reinsurance Corporation, 1971–1983
 

Joseph L. Hudson

Hudson (J. L.) Company, 1881–1912
 

Howard R. Hughes, Jr.

Hughes Aircraft Company, 1933–1976
 

George A. Hughes

Hughes Electric Heating Company, 1908–1940
 

H. Wayne Huizenga

Blockbuster Entertainment Corporation, 1986–1994
 

George M. Humphrey

Hanna (M. A.) & Company, 1929–1952
 

Haroldson L. Hunt

Hunt Oil Company, 1936–1974
 

Jon M. Huntsman

Huntsman Corporation, 1970–2000
 

Peter F. Hurst

Aeroquip Corporation, 1945–1969
I
 

Lido (Lee) A. Iacocca

Chrysler Corporation, 1979–1993
 

Carl C. Icahn

Icahn & Company, 1968–Present
 

Michael Ilitch

Little Caesar's Enterprises, 1959–Present
 

Martha R. Ingram

Ingram Industries, 1995–1999
 

Samuel Insull

Middle West Utilities Company, 1912–1932
 

William Irrgang

Lincoln Electric Company, 1954–1986
 

F. Kenneth Iverson

Nucor Corporation, 1965–1996
J
 

Irwin M. Jacobs

Qualcomm, 1985–Present
 

Allen F. Jacobson

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1986–1991
 

John K. Jamieson

Exxon Corporation, 1969–1975
 

Edward G. Jefferson

DuPont Corporation, 1981–1986
 

Richard H. Jenrette

Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, 1973–1985
 

Steven P. Jobs

Apple Computer, 1975–1983
 

David W. Johnson

Campbell Soup Company, 1990–1997
 

Edward C. Johnson II

Fidelity Investments, 1946–1972
 

Samuel C. Johnson II

Johnson Wax Company, 1966–1979
 

Edward C. Johnson III

Fidelity Investments, 1977–Present
 

Robert W. Johnson, Jr.

Johnson & Johnson Company, 1932–1938
 

Eldridge R. Johnson

Victor Talking Machine Company, 1901–1927
 

George F. Johnson

Endicott-Johnson Company, 1920–1930
 

Herbert F. Johnson

Johnson Wax Company, 1928–1966
 

Howard D. Johnson

Howard Johnson's, 1925–1964
 

James W. Johnson

Johnson & Johnson Company, 1910–1932
 

John H. Johnson

Johnson Publishing Company, 1942–2002
 

Robert H. Johnson

Ingersoll-Rand Company, 1955–1966
 

Robert L. Johnson

Black Entertainment Television, 1980–2001
 

Robert W. Johnson

Johnson & Johnson Company, 1885–1910
 

Jesse H. Jones

Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 1933–1939
 

Reginald H. Jones

General Electric Company, 1972–1981
 

W. Alton Jones

Cities Service Company, 1940–1953
 

John E. Jonsson

Texas Instruments, 1951–1958
 

Henry B. Joy

Packard Motor Car Company, 1905–1916
K
 

Henry J. Kaiser

Kaiser Industries, 1914–1956
 

Bruce E. Karatz

KB Home, 1986–Present
 

Mitchell P. Kartalia

Square D Company, 1968–1983
 

Ewing M. Kauffman

Marion Laboratories, 1950–1989
 

Howard B. Keck

Superior Oil Company, 1963–1981
 

Daniel C. Keefe

Ingersoll-Rand Company, 1936–1954
 

Herbert D. Kelleher

Southwest Airlines Company, 1967–2001
 

Kaufman T. Keller

Chrysler Corporation, 1935–1950
 

Will K. Kellogg

Kellogg Company, 1906–1939
 

William R. Kelly

Kelly Services, 1946–1967
 

Erwin Kelm

Cargill, 1961–1976
 

Donald M. Kendall

PepsiCo, 1963–1986
 

Henry P. Kendall

Kendall Company, 1912–1959
 

Donald S. Kennedy

OGE Energy Corporation, 1949–1976
 

Arthur A. Kent

Atwater Kent Company, 1902–1936
 

William F. Kerby

Dow Jones & Company, 1966–1975
 

William T. Kerr

Meredith Corporation, 1997–Present
 

Bernard Kilgore

Wall Street Journal, 1945–1966
 

John A. Kimberly

Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 1880–1928
 

John R. Kimberly

Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 1953–1967
 

Sidney Kimmel

Jones Apparel Group, 1975–2002
 

Darwin P. Kingsley

New York Life Insurance Company, 1906–1930
 

Robert J. Kleberg, Sr.

King Ranch, 1885–1932
 

Anne Klein

Anne Klein & Company, 1968–1974
 

John W. Kluge

Metromedia, 1959–1986
 

Joseph P. Knapp

Knapp & Company, 1891–1951
 

Charles F. Knight

Emerson Electric Company, 1973–2000
 

John S. (Jack) Knight

Knight-Ridder Corporation, 1933–1969
 

Philip H. Knight

Nike, 1972–Present
 

Rose M. Knox

Knox Gelatin Company, 1908–1947
 

Richard J. Kogan

Schering-Plough Corporation, 1996–2003
 

Herbert V. Kohler

Kohler Company, 1937–1968
 

Walter J. Kohler

Kohler Company, 1905–1937
 

James L. Kraft

Kraft (J. L.) Brothers and Company, 1909–1953
 

Henry R. Kravis

Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Company, 1984–1996
 

Sebastian S. Kresge

S. S. Kresge Company, 1907–1925
 

Samuel H. Kress

S. H. Kress Company, 1896–1924
 

Raymond A. Kroc

McDonald's Corporation, 1955–1973
 

Bernard H. Kroger

Kroger's Food Stores, 1883–1928
 

Daniel J. Krumm

Maytag Corporation, 1974–1992
 

James R. Kuse

Georgia Gulf Corporation, 1985–1991
L
 

Alden J. Laborde

Ocean Drilling & Exploration Company, 1953–1977
 

Carl Laemmle

Universal Pictures Corporation, 1912–1936
 

Harvey H. Lamm

Subaru of America, 1971–1990
 

William E. LaMothe

Kellogg Company, 1979–1991
 

Edwin H. Land

Polaroid Corporation, 1937–1980
 

Mills B. Lane, Jr.

Citizens & Southern National Bank, 1946–1973
 

George S. Lannom, Jr.

Lannom Manufacturing Company, 1912–1952
 

William F. Laporte

American Home Products, 1965–1981
 

Ralph S. Larsen

Johnson & Johnson Company, 1989–2002
 

Albert D. Lasker

Lord and Thomas, 1912–1942
 

Estee Lauder

Estee Lauder, 1946–1982
 

Leonard A. Lauder

Estee Lauder, 1982–1999
 

Ralph Lauren

Polo, Ralph Lauren, 1968–Present
 

Mary W. Lawrence

Wells, Rich and Greene, 1966–1990
 

Fred R. Lazarus, Jr.

Federated Department Stores, 1945–1966
 

Charles Lazarus

Toys "R" Us, 1948–1994
 

Rochelle Lazarus

Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, 1997–Present
 

William P. Lear

Lear, 1939–1967
 

Samuel J. Lefrak

Lefrak Organization, 1948–2003
 

Alexander Legge

International Harvester Corporation, 1922–1933
 

Philip Lehman

Lehman Brothers and Company, 1901–1925
 

Robert Lehman

Lehman Brothers and Company, 1925–1969
 

Lewis W. Lehr

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1980–1986
 

William Levitt

Levitt & Sons, 1929–1968
 

Edward T. Lewis

Essence Communications, 1969–Present
 

Peter B. Lewis

The Progressive Corporation, 1965–2000
 

Reginald F. Lewis

TLC Group, 1983–1993
 

Edmund D. Libbey

Owens Bottle Company, 1903–1925
 

Louis K. Liggett

United Drug Company, 1904–1943
 

Eli Lilly II

Eli Lilly & Company, 1932–1969
 

Josiah K. Lilly

Eli Lilly & Company, 1898–1932
 

James F. Lincoln

Lincoln Electric Company, 1928–1954
 

Leroy A. Lincoln

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1936–1951
 

Carl H. Lindner, Jr.

American Financial Group, 1958–Present
 

James J. Ling

Ling-Temco-Vought, 1946–1970
 

Paul W. Litchfield

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 1926–1940
 

Arthur D. Little

Arthur D. Little, 1909–1935
 

Royal Little

Textron, 1923–1960
 

J. Bruce Llewellyn

Philadelphia Coca-Cola Bottling Company, 1985–Present
 

Marcus Loew

Loew's, 1906–1927
 

Joseph M. Long

Long's Drug Stores, 1947–1977
 

Joseph E. Lonning

Kellogg Company, 1971–1978
 

Francisco A. Lorenzo

Texas Air Corporation, 1972–1990
 

George H. Love

Consolidation Coal Company, 1944–1956
 

James S. Love

Burlington Industries, 1923–1948
 

George W. Lucas

Lucasfilm, Limited, 1971–Present
 

Henry R. Luce

Time-Life Publications, 1922–1964
 

Robert P. Luciano

Schering-Plough Corporation, 1982–1995
 

Edgar F. Luckenbach, Jr.

Luckenbach Steamship Company, 1960–1974
 

Daniel K. Ludwig

National Bulk Carriers, 1936–1987
M
 

Ray W. MacDonald

Burroughs Corporation, 1967–1978
 

Ian K. MacGregor

AMAX, 1956–1969
 

William C. MacInnes

TECO Energy, 1954–1967
 

Kenneth A. Macke

Dayton Hudson Corporation, 1983–1994
 

John P. Mackey

Whole Foods Market, 1980–Present
 

Whitney MacMillan

Cargill, 1976–1995
 

John H. MacMillan, Jr.

Cargill, 1936–1960
 

Clifford D. Mallory

Mallory (C. D.) and Company, 1919–1941
 

Henry R. Mallory

Atlantic, Gulf and West Indies Steamship Lines, 1907–1915
 

John C. Malone

Tele-Communications, 1973–1999
 

Plato Malozemoff

Newmont Mining Corporation, 1954–1986
 

Morton L. Mandel

Premier Industrial Corporation, 1958–1996
 

Alfred E. Mann

Pacesetter, 1972–1985
 

Alex Manoogian

Masco Corporation, 1929–1985
 

Thomas F. Manville

Johns-Manville Corporation, 1901–1924
 

Bernard Marcus

Home Depot, 1978–1997
 

H. Stanley Marcus

Neiman-Marcus Company, 1950–1969
 

Reuben Mark

Colgate-Palmolive Company, 1984–Present
 

John W. Marriott

Marriott-Hot Shoppes, 1927–1972
 

J. Willard Marriott, Jr.

Marriott International, 1972–Present
 

Forrest E. Mars, Sr.

Mars, 1964–1973
 

Charles D. Marshall

McClintic and Marshall Construction Company, 1900–1931
 

Glenn L. Martin

Glenn L. Martin Company, 1907–1949
 

Joseph A. Martino

National Lead Company (NL Industries), 1947–1969
 

Jack C. Massey

Hospital Corporation of America, 1968–1978
 

Thomas W. Mastin

Lubrizol Corporation, 1972–1982
 

William G. Mather

Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, 1890–1940
 

Clayton L. Mathile

The Iams Company, 1981–1999
 

Hamish Maxwell

Philip Morris Companies, 1984–1991
 

Louis B. Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation, 1924–1951
 

Oscar F. Mayer

Oscar Mayer and Company, 1888–1928
 

Oscar Gottfried Mayer

Oscar Mayer and Company, 1928–1955
 

Oscar Gustave Mayer

Oscar Mayer and Company, 1955–1966
 

L. Lowry Mays

Clear Channel Communications, 1972–2004
 

Frederick L. Maytag II

Maytag Corporation, 1940–1960
 

Elmer H. Maytag

Maytag Corporation, 1926–1940
 

Frederick L. Maytag

Maytag Corporation, 1909–1921
 

Thomas B. McCabe

Scott Paper Company, 1927–1965
 

Howard H. McClintic

McClintic and Marshall Construction Company, 1900–1931
 

John J. McCloy

Chase Manhattan Bank, 1953–1969
 

Hugh L. McColl, Jr.

NationsBank / Bank of America, 1983–2001
 

C. Peter McColough

Xerox Corporation, 1971–1985
 

David H. McConnell, Jr.

Avon Products, 1937–1944
 

David H. McConnell

Avon Products, 1886–1937
 

John H. McConnell

Worthington Industries, 1955–1993
 

Mark H. McCormack

International Management Group, 1960–2003
 

Cyrus H. McCormick, Jr.

International Harvester Corporation, 1902–1918
 

Fowler McCormick

International Harvester Corporation, 1941–1951
 

Robert R. McCormick

Chicago Tribune, 1914–1955
 

Robert F. McDermott

USAA, 1969–1993
 

James S. McDonnell

McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, 1939–1967
 

Dean A. McGee

Kerr-McGee Corporation, 1954–1983
 

Patrick J. McGovern

International Data Group, 1967–2002
 

William G. McGowan

MCI Communications, 1968–1985
 

Harold W. McGraw, Jr.

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1974–1983
 

Donald C. McGraw

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1953–1966
 

James H. McGraw

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1899–1928
 

Thomas H. McInnerney

National Dairy Products Corporation, 1923–1941
 

James O. McKinsey

McKinsey & Company, 1925–1937
 

William L. McKnight

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, 1929–1949
 

Donald H. McLaughlin

Homestake Mining Company, 1945–1963
 

Malcolm P. McLean

Sea-Land Service, 1956–1969
 

Scott G. McNealy

Sun Microsystems, 1982–Present
 

Rene C. McPherson

Dana Corporation, 1972–1980
 

George H. Mead

Mead Corporation, 1912–1942
 

George J. Mecherle

State Farm Insurance, 1922–1937
 

John G. Medlin, Jr.

Wachovia Corporation, 1977–1993
 

Andrew W. Mellon

Mellon National Bank, 1882–1921
 

Richard K. Mellon

Mellon National Bank, 1934–1946
 

William L. Mellon

Gulf Oil Corporation, 1909–1930
 

Ward Melville

Melville Corporation, 1922–1963
 

George W. Merck

Merck & Company, 1925–1955
 

John Merrick

North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1898–1919
 

Charles E. Merrill

Merrill Lynch & Company, 1940–1956
 

Andre Meyer

Lazard, Freres and Company, 1943–1979
 

Morton H. Meyerson

Electronic Data Systems, 1979–1985
 

Joseph I. Miller

Cummins Engine Company, 1947–1977
 

Roger Milliken

Milliken & Company, 1947–Present
 

Lorimer D. Milton

Citizens Trust Bank, 1927–1971
 

Charles E. Mitchell

National City Bank, 1921–1929
 

David W. Mitchell

Avon Products, 1975–1983
 

James R. Moffett

Freeport-McMoRan, 1984–2003
 

Thomas S. Monaghan

Domino's Pizza, 1960–1998
 

Robert G. Mondavi

Robert Mondavi Winery, 1966–1990
 

Ambrose Monell

International Nickel Corporation, 1902–1917
 

Theodore G. Montague

Borden, 1937–1955
 

William L. Moody, Jr.

Moody (W. L.) & Company Bank, 1920–1954
 

Gordon E. Moore

Intel, 1974–1987
 

John P. Morgan, Jr.

J. P. Morgan and Company, 1913–1935
 

John P. Morgan

J. P. Morgan and Company, 1861–1913
 

Howard J. Morgens

Procter & Gamble Company, 1957–1974
 

Charles W. Moritz

Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, 1985–1993
 

Charles G. Mortimer

General Foods Corporation, 1954–1965
 

Joy Morton

Morton Salt Company, 1885–1934
 

Charles S. Mott

Weston-Mott Company, 1903–1913
 

Walter A. Munns

Smith Kline & French Laboratories, 1958–1967
 

J. Richard Munro

Time Warner, 1980–1990
 

Frank A. Munsey

Munsey Publishing House, 1882–1925
 

Thomas S. Murphy

Capital Cities/ABC, 1966–1990
N
 

Charles W. Nash

Nash Motors Company, 1916–1932
 

Conde M. Nast

Conde Nast Publications, 1907–1942
 

Fred M. Nelson

Texas Gulf Sulphur Company, 1951–1960
 

Allen H. Neuharth

Gannett Company, 1973–1986
 

Louis B. Neumiller

Caterpillar Tractor Company, 1941–1963
 

Samuel I. Newhouse

Newhouse Publishing, 1921–1979
 

J. Larry Nichols

Devon Energy Corporation, 1980–Present
 

John D. Nichols

Illinois Tool Works, 1982–1995
 

William H. Nichols

General Chemical Corporation, 1899–1920
 

William Nickerson, Jr.

Golden State Insurance, 1924–1945
 

Jean Nidetch

Weight Watchers International, 1963–1978
 

Arthur C. Nielsen

A. C. Nielsen Company, 1923–1957
 

Edward J. Noble

Life Savers, 1913–1938
 

Raymond J. Noorda

Novell, 1983–1994
 

Ernest E. Norris

Southern Railway System, 1937–1952
 

William C. Norris

Control Data Corporation, 1957–1986
 

John Ringling North

Ringling Brothers, Barnum and Bailey Circus, 1947–1967
 

John K. Northrop

Northrop Aircraft, 1937–1959
 

Lucio A. Noto

Mobil Corporation, 1994–1999
 

Robert N. Noyce

Fairchild Semiconductor, 1957–1968
 

Donald W. Nyrop

Northwest Airlines, 1954–1978
O
 

Paul H. O'Neill

Alcoa, 1987–1999
 

Anthony J. F. O'Reilly

H. J. Heinz Company, 1979–1998
 

Adolph S. Ochs

New York Times, 1896–1935
 

David M. Ogilvy

Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide, 1954–1975
 

Ransom E. Olds

Reo Motor Car Company, 1904–1915
 

Kenneth H. Olsen

Digital Equipment Corporation, 1957–1992
 

Eugene R. Olson

Deluxe Check Printers, 1977–1985
 

M. Kenneth Oshman

Rolm Corporation, 1969–1984
 

Harrison G. Otis

Los Angeles Times, 1886–1917
 

Anthony Overton

Hygienic Manufacturing Company, 1898–1946
 

Michael Ovitz

Creative Artists Agency, 1974–1995
P
 

David Packard

Hewlett-Packard Company, 1939–1968
 

Max Palevsky

Scientific Data Systems, 1961–1969
 

William S. Paley

Columbia Broadcasting System, 1928–1983
 

Ray T. Parfet, Jr.

Upjohn Company, 1969–1987
 

William G. Park

Crucible Steel Company, 1900–1909
 

George S. Parker

Parker Brothers, 1901–1933
 

Eugene M. Patterson

American Machine and Foundry Company, 1941–1962
 

John H. Patterson

National Cash Register Company, 1884–1921
 

Joseph M. Patterson

New York Daily News, 1919–1946
 

Rufus L. Patterson

American Machine and Foundry Company, 1900–1941
 

William A. Patterson

United Airlines, 1934–1963
 

Jeno F. Paulucci

Jeno's Frozen Pizza, 1967–1986
 

James C. Penney

JCPenney Company, 1907–1958
 

John Pepper

Procter & Gamble Company, 1995–1999
 

Guy S. Peppiatt

Federal Mogul Corporation, 1950–1969
 

Franklin P. Perdue

Perdue Farms, 1953–1988
 

H. Ross Perot

Electronic Data Systems, 1962–1979
 

Christopher J. Perry

Philadelphia Tribune, 1884–1921
 

Wallace R. Persons

Emerson Electric Company, 1954–1973
 

Donald E. Petersen

Ford Motor Company, 1985–1989
 

LeRoy A. Petersen

Otis Elevator Company, 1945–1966
 

Milton J. Petrie

Petrie Stores, 1932–1993
 

John H. Pew

Sun Oil Company, 1912–1947
 

Joseph N. Pew

Sun Oil Company, 1880–1912
 

Frank Phillips

Phillips Petroleum Company, 1917–1938
 

Warren H. Phillips

Dow Jones & Company, 1975–1990
 

Thomas B. Pickens

Mesa Petroleum Company, 1964–1996
 

Elmer F. Pierson

The Vendo Company, 1937–1974
 

Charles M. Pigott

PACCAR, 1967–1996
 

Philip W. Pillsbury

Pillsbury Mills, 1940–1952
 

Robert A. Pinkerton II

Pinkerton's, 1930–1966
 

John Pitcairn

Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, 1897–1905
 

Abe Plough

Plough, 1908–1971
 

C. William Pollard

ServiceMaster Company, 1983–1993
 

Alexander M. Poniatoff

Ampex Corporation, 1944–1955
 

Generoso P. Pope, Jr.

National Enquirer, 1952–1988
 

Charles W. Post

Postum Cereal Company, Limited, 1896–1914
 

Marjorie M. Post

Postum Cereal Company, Limited, 1914–1922
 

Robert T. Powers

Nalco Chemical Company, 1971–1979
 

Edmund T. Pratt, Jr.

Pfizer, 1972–1992
 

Andrew W. Preston

United Fruit Company, 1882–1924
 

James E. Preston

Avon Products, 1988–1998
 

Robert E. Price

Price Company, 1976–1993
 

Frederick H. Prince

Chicago Stock Yards Company, 1911–1940
 

Larry L. Prince

Genuine Parts Company, 1989–Present
 

William W. Prince

Armour and Company, 1957–1969
 

Donald N. Pritzker

Hyatt Hotels, 1959–1972
 

Robert A. Pritzker

Marmon Group, 1953–Present
 

Laurence F. Probst, III

Electronic Arts, 1991–Present
 

Ernesta G. Procope

E. G. Bowman, 1953–Present
 

William C. Procter

Procter & Gamble Company, 1907–1930
 

Barbara G. Proctor

Proctor and Gardner Advertising, 1970–1996
Q
 

Edgar M. Queeny

Monsanto Chemical Company, 1928–1960
 

John F. Queeny

Monsanto Chemical Company, 1901–1928
R
 

Simon Ramo

Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation, 1953–1958
 

James H. Rand, Jr.

Remington-Rand Company, 1925–1955
 

Monroe J. Rathbone

Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1960–1965
 

Thomas M. Rauch

Smith Kline & French Laboratories, 1967–1971
 

William B. Rayburn

Snap-On, 1984–1988
 

Lee R. Raymond

Exxon Mobil Corporation, 1993–Present
 

Sumner M. Redstone

Viacom, 1967–Present
 

John S. Reed

Citicorp/Citibank, 1984–1998
 

John M. Regan, Jr.

Marsh & McLennan, 1973–1985
 

Donald T. Regan

Merrill Lynch & Company, 1971–1980
 

Helen R. Reid

New York Herald Tribune, 1947–1955
 

Frederick B. Rentschler

United Aircraft Corporation, 1928–1934
 

Gordon S. Rentschler

National City Bank, 1929–1940
 

Stanley B. Resor

J. Walter Thompson Advertising Agency, 1916–1955
 

Charles H. Revson

Revlon, 1932–1974
 

Richard S. Reynolds, Jr.

Reynolds Corporation, 1948–1976
 

Arthur Reynolds

Continental & Commercial Bank, 1919–1929
 

Richard J. Reynolds

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 1911–1918
 

Richard S. Reynolds

Reynolds Corporation, 1912–1948
 

Eugene W. Rhodes

Philadelphia Tribune, 1922–1970
 

Jean Riboud

Schlumberger, Limited, 1965–1985
 

Robert E. Rich

Rich Products Corporation, 1945–1978
 

Earl H. Richardson

Hotpoint Electric Heating Company, 1904–1918
 

Edward V. Rickenbacker

Eastern Airlines, 1938–1953
 

Cedric H. Rieman

Gardner-Denver Company, 1963–1972
 

Leonard S. Riggio

Barnes & Noble, 1965–2002
 

Charles Ringling

Ringling Brothers, Barnum and Bailey Circus, 1907–1926
 

John D. Rockefeller, Sr.

Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1863–1912
 

David Rockefeller

Chase Manhattan Bank, 1969–1980
 

Willard F. Rockwell, Jr.

Rockwell International, 1967–1979
 

Willard F. Rockwell

Rockwell International, 1933–1967
 

Henry A. Roemer

Sharon Steel Corporation, 1931–1957
 

Lyle C. Roll

Kellogg Company, 1957–1971
 

O. Wayne Rollins

Rollins, 1948–1991
 

Francis C. Rooney, Jr.

Melville Corporation, 1964–1987
 

Joseph L. Rose

Deluxe Check Printers, 1962–1976
 

Richard M. Rosenberg

BankAmerica Corporation, 1990–1996
 

William Rosenthal

Maidenform Brassiere Company, 1924–1958
 

Julius Rosenwald

Sears, Roebuck & Company, 1910–1925
 

Steven J. Ross

Warner Communications, 1962–1992
 

William M. Rosson

Conwood Corporation, 1976–1991
 

James W. Rouse

Rouse Company, 1939–1979
 

Joseph P. Routh

Pittston Company, 1939–1976
 

Pete Rozelle

National Football League, 1960–1989
 

William J. Ruane

Sequoia Fund, 1970–2005
 

Helena Rubinstein

Helena Rubinstein, 1915–1965
 

Margaret F. Rudkin

Pepperidge Farm, 1937–1960
 

Michael C. Ruettgers

EMC Corporation, 1992–2001
 

Donald H. Rumsfeld

Searle (G. D.) and Company, 1977–1985
 

John D. Ryan

Anaconda Copper Company, 1907–1917
S
 

Samuel Sachs

Goldman, Sachs and Company, 1904–1928
 

Walter E. Sachs

Goldman, Sachs and Company, 1928–1959
 

W. Jeremiah Sanders III

Advanced Micro Devices, 1969–2002
 

Harland Sanders

Kentucky Fried Chicken Company, 1956–1964
 

Stephen W. Sanger

General Mills, 1995–Present
 

David Sarnoff

Radio Corporation of America, 1930–1966
 

Clarence Saunders

Piggly Wiggly Stores, 1916–1924
 

George A. Schaefer

Caterpillar Tractor Company, 1985–1990
 

Leonard D. Schaeffer

Wellpoint Health Networks, 1992–2004
 

Nicholas M. Schenck

Loew's, 1927–1955
 

Dorothy Schiff

New York Post, 1943–1976
 

Jacob H. Schiff

Kuhn, Loeb and Company, 1885–1920
 

Robert A. Schoellhorn

Abbott Laboratories, 1979–1989
 

Howard Schultz

Starbucks Corporation, 1987–2000
 

Richard M. Schulze

Best Buy, 1966–2002
 

Charles M. Schwab

Bethlehem Steel Corporation, 1904–1916
 

Charles R. Schwab

Charles Schwab & Company, 1971–2003
 

Barry Schwartz

Calvin Klein, 1968–Present
 

Frederic N. Schwartz

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 1957–1967
 

Edward I. Scott

Scott Tissue Company, 1879–1921
 

Edward W. Scripps

Scripps (E. W.) / United Press International, 1878–1908
 

John R. Sculley

Apple Computer, 1983–1993
 

Clarence W. Seamans

Union Typewriter Company, 1893–1910
 

John G. Searle

Searle (G. D.) and Company, 1936–1972
 

Richard W. Sears

Sears, Roebuck & Company, 1893–1908
 

Joseph M. Segel

QVC Network, 1986–1992
 

Frank A. Seiberling

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 1906–1921
 

Irving S. Shapiro

DuPont Corporation, 1974–1981
 

Clarence H. Shaver

United States Gypsum, 1951–1966
 

Dorothy Shaver

Lord and Taylor, 1945–1959
 

Dennis Sheedy

Globe Smelting and Refining Company, 1889–1910
 

Robert B. Shetterly

Clorox Company, 1969–1980
 

Vincent R. Shiely

Briggs & Stratton Corporation, 1970–1977
 

Walter V. Shipley

Chase Manhattan/Chemical Bank, 1983–1999
 

Charles R. Shoemate

CPC International (BestFoods), 1990–1998
 

Leonard S. Shoen

U-Haul Rental System, 1945–1986
 

Lee Shubert

Shubert Theater Corporation, 1905–1953
 

Thomas M. Siebel

Siebel Systems, 1993–2004
 

Muriel Siebert

Muriel Siebert & Company, 1967–Present
 

Herbert J. Siegel

Chris-Craft Industries, 1968–Present
 

Igor I. Sikorsky

Sikorsky Aircraft, 1923–1957
 

Russell Simmons

Def Jam Records / Rush Communications, 1983–Present
 

Norton W. Simon

Hunt Foods & Industries, 1942–1968
 

John R. Simplot

Simplot (J. R.) Corporation, 1928–1994
 

Naomi Sims

Naomi Sims Collections, 1973–1985
 

Harry F. Sinclair

Sinclair Oil and Refining Company, 1916–1948
 

James D. Sinegal

Costco Wholesale Corporation, 1988–Present
 

Henry E. Singleton

Teledyne, 1960–1986
 

Robert F. Six

Continental Airlines, 1938–1980
 

Herbert A. Sklenar

Vulcan Materials Company, 1986–1997
 

Alfred P. Sloan, Jr.

General Motors Corporation, 1923–1937
 

Matthew S. Sloan

Missouri-Kansas-Texas Lines, 1933–1944
 

John G. Smale

Procter & Gamble Company, 1981–1990
 

Cyrus R. Smith

American Airlines, 1934–1968
 

Elwyn L. Smith

Smith-Corona-Marchant Corporation, 1951–1960
 

Frederick W. Smith

Federal Express Corporation, 1973–Present
 

Goff Smith

Amsted Industries, 1974–1980
 

Hurlburt W. Smith

Smith-Corona (L. C.) Typewriter Company, 1924–1933
 

Roger B. Smith

General Motors Corporation, 1981–1990
 

Wilbert L. Smith

Smith-Corona (L. C.) Typewriter Company, 1910–1924
 

Robert H. Sorensen

Perkin-Elmer, 1977–1984
 

William F. Souder, Jr.

Marsh & McLennan, 1969–1973
 

Joseph P. Spang, Jr.

Gillette Company, 1938–1955
 

Charles C. Spaulding

North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1923–1952
 

Henry B. Spencer

Fruit Growers Express, 1920–1948
 

Samuel Spencer

Southern Railway System, 1894–1906
 

John G. Sperling

Apollo Group, 1976–2001
 

Elmer A. Sperry

Sperry Gyroscope Company, 1910–1929
 

Steven Spielberg

Amblin Entertainment / DreamWorks, 1980–Present
 

Philip Sporn

American Electric Power Company, 1947–1961
 

John R. Stafford

American Home Products, 1986–2001
 

Harold Stanley

Morgan, Stanley and Company, 1935–1955
 

Robert C. Stanley

International Nickel Corporation, 1922–1951
 

Ellsworth M. Statler

Statler Hotels, 1907–1928
 

Alfred N. Steele

PepsiCo, 1950–1959
 

William Steere, Jr.

Pfizer, 1991–2000
 

Charles H. Steinway

Steinway and Sons, 1896–1919
 

Henry Z. Steinway

Steinway and Sons, 1957–1980
 

Theodore E. Steinway

Steinway and Sons, 1919–1957
 

Thomas G. Stemberg

Staples, 1986–2002
 

Ross S. Sterling

Humble Oil and Refining Company, 1911–1919
 

David J. Stern

National Basketball Association, 1984–Present
 

Edward R. Stettinius

Diamond Match Company, 1909–1915
 

Robert T. B. Stevens

J. P. Stevens and Company, 1929–1974
 

Whitney Stevens

J. P. Stevens and Company, 1979–1988
 

Lyman Stewart

Union Oil Company, 1894–1914
 

William L. Stewart

Union Oil Company, 1914–1930
 

James Stillman

National City Bank, 1891–1909
 

William P. Stiritz

Ralston Purina Company, 1981–1997
 

James E. Stowers, Jr.

American Century Companies, 1958–Present
 

Robert A. Stranahan, Jr.

Champion Spark Plug Company, 1955–1986
 

Jack I. Straus

Macy (R. H.) and Company, 1940–1956
 

Jesse I. Straus

Macy (R. H.) and Company, 1919–1933
 

Robert D. Stuart, Jr.

Quaker Oats Company, 1966–1981
 

Dwight L. Stuart

Carnation Company, 1973–1983
 

Elbridge A. Stuart

Carnation Company, 1901–1932
 

Elbridge H. Stuart

Carnation Company, 1932–1971
 

Harold L. Stuart

Halsey, Stuart and Company, 1911–1966
 

John Stuart

Quaker Oats Company, 1922–1956
 

John E. Swearingen

Standard Oil of Indiana, 1960–1983
 

Gustavus F. Swift, Jr.

Swift and Company, 1931–1937
 

Louis F. Swift

Swift and Company, 1903–1931
 

Gerard Swope

General Electric Company, 1922–1939
T
 

Charles D. Tandy

Tandy Corporation, 1950–1978
 

Henry Taub

Automatic Data Processing, 1949–1969
 

Walter C. Teagle

Standard Oil of New Jersey, 1917–1937
 

Seth E. Thomas, Jr.

Seth Thomas Clock Company, 1919–1931
 

R. David Thomas

Wendy's International, 1969–1982
 

Joe C. Thompson, Jr.

Southland Corporation, 1931–1961
 

James W. Thompson

J. Walter Thompson Advertising Agency, 1878–1916
 

John P. Thompson

Southland Corporation, 1961–1986
 

Charles B. (Tex) Thornton

Litton Industries, 1953–1961
 

Robert L. Tillman

Lowe's Companies, 1996–Present
 

Laurence A. Tisch

Loew's, 1961–1999
 

Randall L. Tobias

Eli Lilly & Company, 1993–1998
 

Rose Totino

Totino's Pizza, 1951–1975
 

Henry R. Towne

Yale and Towne Manufacturing Company, 1868–1916
 

Jane Trahey

Trahey Advertising, 1960–1975
 

James G. Treybig

Tandem Computers, 1974–1995
 

Juan T. Trippe

Pan American World Airways, 1927–1969
 

Alex Trotman

Ford Motor Company, 1993–1998
 

Donald J. Trump

Trump Organization, 1975–Present
 

Daniel P. Tully

Merrill Lynch & Company, 1993–1997
 

Robert E. (Ted) Turner

Turner Communications, 1963–1996
U
 

Erwin C. Uihlein

Schlitz Brewing Company, 1933–1961
 

Frederick D. Underwood

Erie Railroad, 1901–1926
 

John T. Underwood

Underwood Typewriter Company, 1903–1927
 

E. Gifford Upjohn

Upjohn Company, 1953–1961
V
 

P. Roy Vagelos

Merck & Company, 1985–1994
 

Theodore N. Vail

American Telephone and Telegraph, 1907–1919
 

Jay Van Andel

Amway Corporation, 1959–1992
 

John W. Van Dyke

Atlantic Refining Company, 1911–1927
 

Frank A. Vanderlip

National City Bank, 1909–1919
 

Watson H. Vanderploeg

Kellogg Company, 1940–1956
 

Robert L. Vann

Pittsburgh Courier, 1910–1940
 

Samuel M. Vauclain

Baldwin Locomotive, 1919–1929
 

Guy W. Vaughan

Curtiss-Wright Aircraft Company, 1935–1949
 

Lillian M. Vernon (Katz)

Lillian Vernon Corporation, 1951–Present
 

Michael A. Volkema

Herman Miller, 1995–Present
 

Ernest H. Volwiler

Abbott Laboratories, 1950–1958
 

Diane S. M. von Furstenberg

Diane von Furstenberg, Ltd, 1970–Present
W
 

Linda J. Wachner

Warnaco, 1986–Present
 

Theodore W. Waitt

Gateway, 1985–1999
 

Charles R. Walgreen III

Walgreen Company, 1969–1998
 

Charles R. Walgreen, Jr.

Walgreen Company, 1939–1969
 

Charles R. Walgreen

Walgreen Company, 1909–1939
 

Madam C. J. Walker

Walker Manufacturing Company, 1906–1919
 

Maggie L. Walker

St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, 1903–1930
 

DeWitt Wallace

Reader's Digest, 1921–1973
 

Dwane L. Wallace

Cessna Aircraft Company, 1936–1975
 

James C. Wallace

American Ship Building Company, 1904–1913
 

Henry G. Walter, Jr.

International Flavors & Fragrances, 1962–1985
 

Samuel M. Walton

Wal-Mart Corporation, 1962–1988
 

John Wanamaker

John Wanamaker and Company, 1875–1922
 

An Wang

Wang Laboratories, 1951–1981
 

Charles B. Wang

Computer Associates International, 1976–2000
 

J. Basil Ward

Addressograph-Multigraph Corporation, 1952–1966
 

Ralph E. Ward

Chesebrough-Pond's, 1968–1987
 

Solomon D. Warfield

Seaboard Air Line Railroad, 1912–1927
 

Harry M. Warner

Warner Brothers Pictures, 1923–1958
 

Lew R. Wasserman

Music Corporation of America, 1946–1994
 

Thomas J. Watson, Jr.

IBM, 1955–1971
 

Thomas J. Watson, Sr.

IBM, 1914–1955
 

Orlando F. Weber

Allied Chemical and Dye Company, 1920–1935
 

Sanford I. Weill

Travelers Group/CitiGroup, 1986–2003
 

Ernest T. Weir

National Steel Corporation, 1929–1957
 

Sigfried Weis

Weis Markets, 1961–1994
 

John F. Welch, Jr.

General Electric Company, 1981–2001
 

Henry Wendt

SmithKline Beckman, 1982–1989
 

Jann S. Wenner

Rolling Stone Magazine, 1967–Present
 

Kenneth T. Wessner

ServiceMaster Company, 1975–1983
 

George Westinghouse

Westinghouse Electric Company, 1885–1911
 

Leslie Wexner

Limited (The), Inc., 1963–Present
 

John P. Weyerhaeuser, Jr.

Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, 1946–1956
 

George H. Weyerhaeuser

Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, 1966–1999
 

John P. Weyerhaeuser

Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, 1914–1928
 

Walter H. Wheeler, Jr.

Pitney-Bowes, 1938–1971
 

Uncas A. Whitaker

AMP, 1941–1971
 

Carl E. Wickman

Greyhound Corporation, 1930–1946
 

Albert H. Wiggin

Chase National Bank, 1911–1930
 

Daniel Willard

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1910–1941
 

Langbourne M. Williams, Jr.

Freeport Sulphur Company, 1933–1958
 

Joseph D. Williams

Warner-Lambert Corporation, 1985–1991
 

Joseph C. Wilson II

Xerox Corporation, 1946–1971
 

C. Kemmons Wilson

Holiday Inns of America, 1951–1979
 

Charles Edward Wilson

General Electric Company, 1940–1950
 

Charles Erwin Wilson

General Motors Corporation, 1941–1953
 

Thornton A. Wilson

Boeing Company, 1969–1986
 

Charles D. Wiman

Deere & Company, 1928–1955
 

Oprah G. Winfrey

Harpo Productions, 1988–Present
 

Henry S. Wingate

International Nickel Corporation, 1954–1960
 

Sidney W. Winslow, Jr.

United Shoe Machinery Company, 1927–1939
 

Sidney W. Winslow

United Shoe Machinery Company, 1899–1917
 

Paul B. Wishart

Honeywell, 1953–1960
 

Robert E. Wood

Sears, Roebuck & Company, 1928–1954
 

Richard D. Wood

Eli Lilly & Company, 1973–1991
 

William M. Wood

American Woolen Mills Company, 1899–1926
 

Robert W. Woodruff

Coca-Cola Company, 1923–1955
 

Edgar S. Woolard, Jr.

DuPont Corporation, 1989–1995
 

Clarence M. Woolley

American Radiator Company, 1902–1924
 

Charles S. Woolworth

Woolworth (F. W.) and Company, 1919–1944
 

Frank W. Woolworth

Woolworth (F. W.) and Company, 1879–1919
 

Horace C. Wright

Sunbeam Corporation, 1935–1961
 

Joseph S. Wright

Zenith Radio Corporation, 1959–1976
 

Philip K. Wrigley

William Wrigley Jr. Company, 1925–1961
 

William Wrigley III

William Wrigley Jr. Company, 1961–1999
 

William Wrigley, Jr.

William Wrigley Jr. Company, 1892–1925
 

Walter B. Wriston

Citibank/CitiCorp, 1967–1984
 

Alan L. Wurtzel

Circuit City Stores, 1973–1986
 

Oscar S. Wyatt, Jr.

Coastal Corporation, 1955–1997
Y
 

Jerry Yang

Yahoo!, 1995–Present
 

Walter R. Young, Jr.

Champion Enterprises, 1990–2003
 

John A. Young

Hewlett-Packard Company, 1978–1992
 

Robert R. Young

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, 1937–1954
Z
 

Alfred M. Zeien

Gillette Company, 1991–1999
 

Samuel M. Zemurray

United Fruit Company, 1938–1951
 

Vincent C. Ziegler

Gillette Company, 1965–1973
 

Adolph Zukor

Paramount Pictures, 1916–1966
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The 20th Century Zeitgeist

THE 20th CENTURY ZEITGEIST

Six contextual factors deeply influenced the opportunities available to 20th century business leaders:

  • Demographics
  • Technology
  • Social Mores
  • Government
  • Labor
  • Global

the 20th Century Zeitgeist

Demographics
  • Demographics
  • Technology
  • Social Mores
  • Government Intervention
  • Labor
  • Global Events
Influence: High
190019

8.8 million immigrants arrive throughout decade

Cities expand

Population grows from 76 to 92 million

Rural Free Delivery routes added

Influence: Medium
10191019

Anti-immigration sentiment peaks during WWI

Great Migration begins as African-Americans relocate from rural South to northern cities

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

Population of urban centers overtakes that of rural communities

Tight immigration restrictions

Increase in divorce rates

Influence: Medium-Low
30193019

Westward migration of midwestern farmers and laborers for employment and better climate

Massive dust storms uproot millions

Smallest ten-year increase in population: 123-132 million

Influence: Medium-High
40194019

Baby boom begins

Suburbs start to form

Influence: High
50195019

Medical advances extend life expectancy

More people now live in suburbs than cities

Population soars to 179 million

largest ten-year increase

Influence: High
60196019

Baby boom tapers off

Emigration from Asia and Latin America surges

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

Urban blight

Rust Belt

Influence: Medium-High
80198019

Population migrates to West and Southwest

Influence: High
901990

Immigration tops 9 million (largest number since first decade)

Baby boomers age

Hispanics become fastest-growing minority

Population grows from 250 million to 281 million

Influence: Medium-High
190019

Model T

Plastic

Safety razor

Widespread use of steam engine, electricity, and openhearth furnace allows businesses to expand nationwide

Influence: Medium
10191019

First widespread use of auto assembly line

Self-starter increases popularity of automobile

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

KDKA, first radio station

First talking movie,

Influence: Medium
30193019

Advances in aviation

Nylon

Fiberglass

Instant photography

Air-conditioning begins to realize commercial potential

Influence: High
40194019

Planes and ships built in less than a day for the war effort

Atomic bomb

ENIAC computer

Penicillin used extensively to treat soldiers' infections

Synthetic rubberx

Influence: High
50195019

Television sales expand dramatically

Transistors used in portable radios and calculators

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Man walks on the moon

Color TV market grows

Microchips expand possibilities in electronics industry

Integrated circuit boards replace transistor technology

First ATM installed

Influence: Medium
70197019

Beginning of biotech industry

Fiber-optic wire

Pong (first video game)

UPC bar code

Supercomputer

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Software industry booms

PC use expands in scale and scope

CAD/CAM revolutionizes manufacturing

Space shuttle

Influence: Medium-High
901990

Boom in connectivity

Cloning, stem cell research

DVDs

Influence: Medium
190019

Progressivism

The Jungle sparks food and work safety movement

Influence: Low
10191019

Sedition Act

Prohibition begins

Red Scare

Race riots

Influence: Medium-High
20192019

Social divisions arise between rural and urban areas

Women's suffrage

Harlem Renaissance

Rampant bootlegging and organized crime

Influence: Medium
30193019

Escapism in radio serials

Prohibition repealed

Golden age of movies

Influence: Medium-Low
40194019

Patriotism soars

GI Bill

Influence: Medium-Low
50195019

Social conformity

McCarthyism

Membership in organized religion soars

Brown v. Board of Education desegregated public schools>

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Civil rights movement gain strength

Antiwar sentiment divides electorate

FDA approves oral contraceptive pill

Influence: High
70197019

National Organization for Women mobilizes for Equal Rights Amendment

Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion

Social discord continues over Vietnam War and civil rights

Watergate scandal undermines faith in authority

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Moral Majority

"Me" generation

Focus on training and fitness

Income gap widens dramatically

AIDS

Influence: High
901990

Internet "irrational exuberance"

Antigovernment sentiment: Waco standoff; Oklahoma City bombing

Influence: Medium-Low
190019

First significant enforcement of Sherman Antitrust Act

Pure Food and Drug Act; breakup of beef trust

Excise Tax imposed on corporations

Tariff Act forces corporations to open their books for government inspection

Influence: High
10191019

Breakup of Standard Oil and American Tobacco

Clayton Antitrust Act

Federal Reserve Act

First Federal-Aid Highway Act

Federal Trade Commission established

Personal income tax reinstituted

Influence: Low
20192019

U.S. Steel and Alcoa withstand antitrust accusations

Personal and corporate tax rates cut

Airmail service starts

Influence: High
30193019

The New Deal

Commercial and investment banking separated

Reconstruction Finance Corp. created to combat bank and business failures

Introduction of Federal Deposit Insurance

SEC established

Federal regulations prohibit false advertising

Influence: Low
40194019

Military spending explodes

Graduated income tax, Victory Tax adopted to fund war effort

Rationing

Influence: Medium-Low
50195019

Military spending shifts to nuclear deterrents

Small Business Administration created

Influence: Medium
60196019

Great Society

Consumer and environmental protection movements strengthen

Vehicle Safety Act and Highway Safety Act

Closing merger loophole opens door for conglomerate business model

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

Deregulation of oil and airline industries

New energy policies and programs

Stagflation cripples economy

Environmental protection weakened

Price controls

Influence: Low
80198019

Reaganomics

Heavy defense and deficit spending

Savings and Loan bailout

Chrysler bailout

Breakup of AT&T

Influence: Medium-Low
901990

Family and Medical Leave Act

Americans with Disabilities Act

Welfare reform

Antitrust action initiated against Microsoft

Influence: Medium-Low
190019

Fewer than 500,000 union members

Department of Commerce and Labor created

Influence: Medium
10191019

Ford doubles factory wages and shortens workday

Labor Secretary position created

Worker shortage: Unions double membership and increase wages

Influence: Medium-Low
20192019

Union membership declines sharply

Minimum wage and maximum working hour legislation overturned

Influence: High
30193019

Unemployment peaks at 25%

Unions surge, adding 7 million members in a single year

Sit-down strikes at GM and other auto makers

Government work programs launched: CCC, PWA, WPA

CIO union created

NLRB created

Fair Labor Standards Act sets minimum wage

Influence: Low
40194019

Rosie the Riveter

Postwar strikes

Productivity surge

Government backlash against postwar union movement

Influence: Medium
50195019

The Organization Man

Union membership peaks

The AFL merges with the CIO: 15 million members

Influence: Medium-High
60196019

Factory automation slashes jobs

Service industry outpaces growth in manufacturing

Civil Rights Act

Equal Pay Act

Unions concentrated in big businesses

Formation of United Farm Workers union

Influence: Medium
70197019

Wage controls

OSHA created

Service economy expands

Women enter the workforce in large numbers

Influence: Medium-Low
80198019

Air traffic controllers' union dismantled

Union representation drops

Information technology redistributes job functions

Influence: Low
901990

Reengineering

Record high employment

Service sector outpaces manufacturing in new job creation

Influence: Low
190019

U.S. begins construction of Panama Canal

Influence: High
10191019

War Industries Board coordinates activities among labor, government, and business for WWI

Cost-plus contracts introduced

Protectionist tariffs reduced

Influence: Medium-Low
20192019

Isolationism

U.S. restores high tariffs

U.S. pushes for debt recovery

Allied nations seek war reparations from Axis powers

Influence: Medium-Low
30193019

Increased tariff protection through Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

Continued isolationism

Influence: High
40194019

War Production Board readies nation for WWII

U.S. becomes a global power

Creation of IMF and World Bank

Marshall Plan

Cold war begins

Influence: Medium-High
50195019

Cold war escalates

Korean War forces another mobilization effort

Influence: High
60196019

Cold war continues to build

Bay of Pigs invasion; Cuban Missile Crisis

Vietnam War escalates

Influence: Medium-High
70197019

OPEC oil crisis

Vietnam War ends

Iran hostage crisis

Imports outpace exports

Influence: Medium-High
80198019

Berlin wall falls

End of cold war

Iran-Contra Affair

Influence: High
901990

USSR dismantled; ethnic conflicts exposed

Gulf War: real-time TV coverage

Asian financial crisis

NAFTA enacted

European Union forms