Skip to Main Content
HBS Home
  • About
  • Academic Programs
  • Alumni
  • Faculty & Research
  • Baker Library
  • Giving
  • Harvard Business Review
  • Initiatives
  • News
  • Recruit
  • Map / Directions
Faculty & Research
  • Faculty
  • Research
  • Featured Topics
  • Academic Units
  • …→
  • Harvard Business School→
  • Faculty & Research→
  • Featured Topics
    • Featured Topics
    • Business & Environment
    • Business History
    • Entrepreneurship
    • Finance
    • Globalization
    • Health Care
    • Human Behavior & Decision-Making
    • Leadership
    • Social Enterprise
    • Technology & Innovation
    →
  • Leadership→

Leadership

Leadership

    • 2015
    • Chapter

    Leave No Slice of Genius Behind: Selecting and Developing Tomorrow's Leaders of Innovation

    By: Linda A. Hill

    More than ever, leaders of nearly every kind of organization view their human resources teams as essential to institutional well-being and long-term growth and sustainability. That's the central and animating theme of "The Rise of HR: Wisdom from 73 Thought Leaders," a new anthology published by the HR Certification Institute. Professor Hill's essay addresses the question of how to develop leadership talent capable of building and sustaining organizations that can innovate time and again to address the challenges we face as a global community.

    • 2015
    • Chapter

    Leave No Slice of Genius Behind: Selecting and Developing Tomorrow's Leaders of Innovation

    By: Linda A. Hill

    More than ever, leaders of nearly every kind of organization view their human resources teams as essential to institutional well-being and long-term growth and sustainability. That's the central and animating theme of "The Rise of HR: Wisdom from 73 Thought Leaders," a new anthology published by the HR Certification Institute. Professor Hill's...

    • Article

    Professionalism, Fiduciary Duty, and Health-Related Business Leadership

    By: Joshua D. Margolis

    Expanding fiduciary duty to leaders of health-related businesses can help leaders meet the challenges of caring for not only the corporation and shareholders but also the patients and medical professionals. How should leaders of health-related businesses weigh the demand for efficiency and profit alongside the care of patients and the professional development of physicians? How might physicians approach these leadership roles to withstand the pressures that can divert behavior away from the espoused purposes and ethical standards of medicine?

    • Article

    Professionalism, Fiduciary Duty, and Health-Related Business Leadership

    By: Joshua D. Margolis

    Expanding fiduciary duty to leaders of health-related businesses can help leaders meet the challenges of caring for not only the corporation and shareholders but also the patients and medical professionals. How should leaders of health-related businesses weigh the demand for efficiency and profit alongside the care of patients and the professional...

    • July–August 2014
    • Article

    How the Other Fukushima Plant Survived

    By: Ranjay Gulati, Charles Casto and Charlotte Krontiris

    In March 2011, Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was devastated by three reactor explosions and two core meltdowns in the days following a 9.0 earthquake and a tsunami that produced waves as high as 17 meters. The world is familiar with Daiichi's fate; less well known is the crisis at its sister plant, Daini, about 10 kilometers to the south. As a result of nature's onslaught, three of Daini's four reactors lacked sufficient power to achieve cooldown. To prevent the disaster experienced up north, the site superintendent, Naohiro Masuda, and his team had to connect them to the plant's surviving power sources. In a volatile environment, Masuda and Daini's hundreds of employees responded to each unexpected event in turn. Luck played a part, but so did smart leadership and sensemaking. Until the last reactor went into cold shutdown, Masuda's team took nothing for granted. With each new problem they encountered, it recalibrated, iteratively creating continuity and restoring order. Daini survived the crisis without an explosion or a meltdown.

    • July–August 2014
    • Article

    How the Other Fukushima Plant Survived

    By: Ranjay Gulati, Charles Casto and Charlotte Krontiris

    In March 2011, Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was devastated by three reactor explosions and two core meltdowns in the days following a 9.0 earthquake and a tsunami that produced waves as high as 17 meters. The world is familiar with Daiichi's fate; less well known is the crisis at its sister plant, Daini, about 10 kilometers to the...

    • October 2014
    • Article

    The Transparency Trap

    By: Ethan Bernstein

    To get people to be more creative and productive, managers increase transparency with open workspaces and access to real-time data. But less transparent work environments can yield more-transparent employees. Employees perform better when they can try out new ideas and approaches within certain zones of privacy. Organizations allow them to do that by drawing four types of boundaries: around teams of people (zones of attention), between feedback and evaluation (zones of judgment), between decision rights and improvement rights (zones of slack), and for set periods of experimentation (zones of time). By balancing transparency and privacy, organizations can encourage just the right amount of "deviance" to foster innovative behavior and boost productivity.

    • October 2014
    • Article

    The Transparency Trap

    By: Ethan Bernstein

    To get people to be more creative and productive, managers increase transparency with open workspaces and access to real-time data. But less transparent work environments can yield more-transparent employees. Employees perform better when they can try out new ideas and approaches within certain zones of privacy. Organizations allow them to do that...

    • March 2015
    • Module Note

    Power and Influence in Society

    By: Julie Battilana

    This module aims to help students understand how power and influence are employed, both to reproduce the status quo and to effect change in society. It first helps them to understand why, more often than not, power is used to reproduce the existing way individuals and organizations operate in society. It then highlights what it takes to implement societal change. This includes a wide variety of initiatives ranging from attempts to change individuals' and organizations' behaviors in a given industry or sector, to efforts to change behaviors throughout a country, region, or even the world. Addressing the issue of power and influence in society in an MBA classroom is critical, especially at a time like now, when the relationship between business and society is attracting increasing attention, and when business leaders are increasingly expected to contribute not only to financial value creation, but also to social value creation. In this context, it is important to prepare business school students to lead not just in their organizations, but more broadly in society. Meeting this aspiration requires equipping them with knowledge and tools that will enable them to understand what it takes to have a positive impact in the world. In line with this objective, this module note focuses on how leaders who are not part of government or other public agencies can spark, organize, and/or guide action to bring about change at the societal level.

    • March 2015
    • Module Note

    Power and Influence in Society

    By: Julie Battilana

    This module aims to help students understand how power and influence are employed, both to reproduce the status quo and to effect change in society. It first helps them to understand why, more often than not, power is used to reproduce the existing way individuals and organizations operate in society. It then highlights what it takes to implement...

Leadership Initiative

The Leadership Initiative undertakes cutting-edge research and course development projects about leadership and leadership development, both within HBS and through collaborations with other organizations.
Leadership

As our world grows increasingly global, intricate, and ever-changing, the role of leaders is becoming more and more complex and critical to business success. In the 1950s and 1960s, Fritz Roethlisberger and Elton Mayo's contributions to the "Hawthorne effect," and work by Paul Lawrence and Jay Lorsch on organizational integration, sparked the field of Organizational Behavior. Early work by Michael Beer on leading organizational change, Rosabeth Kanter on innovation for productivity, John Kotter on power and influence, and Michael Tushman on innovation management helped shape today's understanding of organizational transformation. With an interest in Leadership that spans our academic units, our approach to research is collaborative and multi-disciplinary. We leverage a wide range of research methodologies – from onsite field research to surveys, experiments, and extensive longitudinal studies.

Leadership Initiative

The Leadership Initiative undertakes cutting-edge research and course development projects about leadership and leadership development, both within HBS and through collaborations with other organizations.

Leadership

Recent Publications

Campaign Finance: 2024 Pennsylvania Senate Race

By: Robert F. White
  • August 2026 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
The case details how campaign financing works through a close look at the 2024 Pennsylvania Senate race between incumbent Bob Casey and challenger David McCormick. The case traces the various kinds of campaign funding and their sources, and helps lay out the many layers in U.S. politics funding.
Keywords: Campaign Finance; Finance; Leadership; Political Elections; United States; Pennsylvania
Citation
Educators
Purchase
Related
White, Robert F. "Campaign Finance: 2024 Pennsylvania Senate Race." Harvard Business School Case 827-001, August 2026.

Carly Fiorina and Meg Whitman at HP: Two Misses and a Hit

By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Adam Benzaari
  • August 2026 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
In 1999, facing competition from younger technology companies and slowing revenue growth, the board of Hewlett-Packard, Silicon Valley’s original start-up, hired its first outsider CEO: Carly Fiorina, the first woman to lead a Fortune 50 company. She was well known for her successes at Lucent Technologies, and HP’s board wanted a leader with the experience and skills to drive a transformation. After consistent cost-cutting, a controversial $25 billion acquisition of Compaq, and strategy disagreements, HP's board ousted Fiorina in 2005. In 2011, after two additional CEO departures, the board of directors hired another outsider, Meg Whitman, eBay’s former CEO. Investors and analysts were skeptical that the once-venerable hardware company, known for the HP Way, a founders’ culture of collegiality, trust in employees, and decentralization, could be turned around.
Keywords: Technology; CEO; Turnover; Hewlett Packard; Startup; Silicon Valley; Board Of Directors; Company Culture; Leadership; Transformation; Strategy; Technology Industry; United States
Citation
Educators
Related
Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Adam Benzaari. "Carly Fiorina and Meg Whitman at HP: Two Misses and a Hit." Harvard Business School Case 327-013, August 2026.

Francescana Family: Leading a Global Food Movement

By: Linda A. Hill, Allison J. Wigen, Dave Habeeb and Lydia Begag
  • August 2026 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
In 1995, chef Massimo Bottura and Lara Gilmore opened Osteria Francescana in Modena, Italy, with a vision of reimagining Italian culinary tradition through innovation and culture. Over the next three decades, they transformed the restaurant into one of the world’s most celebrated dining destinations and built Francescana Family, a global ecosystem of restaurants, hospitality ventures, and social enterprises. Along the way, Bottura and Gilmore championed local producers, reduced food waste, and launched initiatives such as Food for Soul and Tortellante to support underserved communities. By 2024, Francescana Family employed more than 500 people worldwide and operated across multiple continents. As the organization expanded globally, Bottura and Gilmore faced a central challenge: how could they scale Francescana Family’s impact and values-driven philosophy without losing the local culture, creativity, and sense of purpose that made the movement successful in the first place?
Keywords: Restaurants; Hospitality; Ecosystems; Innovation; Values; Social Enterprise; Talent; Talent Development; Scale; Culture; Society; Food; Innovation and Invention; Value Creation; Social Entrepreneurship; Social Issues; Leadership; Leadership Development; Talent and Talent Management; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Service Industry; Italy; United States; Europe
Citation
Educators
Purchase
Related
Hill, Linda A., Allison J. Wigen, Dave Habeeb, and Lydia Begag. "Francescana Family: Leading a Global Food Movement." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 426-712, August 2026.

The Innovation Problems AI Can’t Solve

By: Julian De Freitas, Ayelet Israeli, Gideon Nave, Artem Timoshenko and Olivier Toubia
  • August 14, 2026 |
  • Article |
  • Harvard Business Review (website)
Generative AI can accelerate innovation, but the article argues that its default use often reinforces the human bottlenecks it is meant to solve. In ideation, models steer teams toward familiar ideas and make people more fixated on them. In screening, polished AI-generated pitches can be mistaken for better ideas, while AI recommendations may encode existing bias. In consumer research, simulated customers can speed testing but miss the irrational behaviors that shape real adoption. After launch, AI can summarize vast feedback, yet still help teams justify prior beliefs. The authors’ central advice is diagnostic: before applying AI, leaders should ask whether the bottleneck is informational, judgment-based, or incentive-driven, and preserve direct contact with customers where it matters most for grounding.
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Innovation Leadership
Citation
Register to Read
Purchase
Related
De Freitas, Julian, Ayelet Israeli, Gideon Nave, Artem Timoshenko, and Olivier Toubia. "The Innovation Problems AI Can’t Solve." Harvard Business Review (website) (August 14, 2026).

Atlantic Music Group

By: Anita Elberse and Peter Sykes
  • July 2026 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
On October 1, 2025, Elliot Grainge is exactly one year into his tenure as chief executive officer of Atlantic Music Group, a division of Warner Music Group. By assuming the role, Grainge has taken over what is perhaps the music industry’s most storied and iconic label, Atlantic Records. The label has been struggling, seeing its market share drop from 13% at the end of 2019 to just under 6% by mid-2024. Seeking to revive Atlantic’s fortunes, Grainge has commenced work on a plan that, as he puts it, fits “the new realities of the music business.” He seems off to a flying start, improving Atlantic’s market share to 8% in his first year at the helm. But big challenges loom, and the gap with Atlantic’s main rival remains significant. Do Atlantic Music Group’s new leader and his team have the right approach to bringing the label back to the forefront of the music industry?
Keywords: Talent; Superstars; Digital Technology; Music Entertainment; Media; Distribution; Leading Change; Business or Company Management; Brands and Branding; Strategic Planning; Status and Position; Competitive Strategy; Music Industry
Citation
Educators
Purchase
Related
Elberse, Anita, and Peter Sykes. "Atlantic Music Group." Harvard Business School Case 527-007, July 2026.

Cristina Ventura: The Career of a Catalyst Prep for In-Class Case

By: Linda A. Hill and Allison J. Wigen
  • July 2026 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
Pre-abstract: In-class multimedia cases are designed to unfold in the classroom. The student-facing Prep for In-Class Case should be assigned to students before class. The instructor-facing In-Class Multimedia Case should be used by the instructor in class to facilitate discussion. Some in-class cases include Additional Materials, which can be used in class or shared with students after class. Some cases have instructor-facing Case Updates, which typically contain case reveals.

Abstract: This in-class multimedia case follows the career of Chief Catalyst Officer for the Lane Crawford Joyce Group (LCJG), Cristina Ventura. After beginning her career in luxury in Europe and Asia, Ventura was recruited in 2011 to open Apple's flagship stores in Hong Kong and South China. Not long after, Ventura was introduced to Jennifer Woo at LCJG-a private, family company with a 170-year history in Asia. Attracted by Woo's vision and leadership, and eager to work for a local Chinese company, Ventura came on board as Senior Vice President for Joyce, LCJG's edgiest business with a long-standing luxury clientele. From there, she was promoted to Chief Catalyst Officer, a role that combined her expertise in luxury and technology and her talent for bridging people. The case documents how Ventura went about building an ecosystem, connecting corporates, entrepreneurs, investors, academics, and government stakeholders, to help catalyze innovation for LCJG and the industry as a whole.
Keywords: Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Personal Development and Career; Family Business; Networks; Luxury; Leadership; Fashion Industry; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; Asia; China; Hong Kong
Citation
Educators
Purchase
Related
Hill, Linda A., and Allison J. Wigen. "Cristina Ventura: The Career of a Catalyst Prep for In-Class Case." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 426-710, July 2026.

AI Adoption Is Overloading Your Middle Managers

By: Julia Shin and Sandra J. Sucher
  • June 26, 2026 |
  • Article |
  • Harvard Business Review (website)
Researchers conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with partners, managers, and junior consultants at two major consulting firms to understand how people at each level were actually using AI, what support they received, and where the friction was. They found that senior leaders are leaning into AI’s strategic potential, expanding scope, accelerating delivery with leaner teams, and reimagining services. Consultants reported dramatic productivity gains. But middle managers were overloaded with new responsibilities—validating AI outputs, identifying errors, coaching their teams in AI skills—all while facing unchanged or even increased delivery pressure and lacking formal support structures. The research identifies three ways in which the middle layer is failing under the weight of AI adoption and offers strategies to prevent this critical bottleneck from slowing transformation efforts.
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Change Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Leadership; Management Practices and Processes
Citation
Read Now
Purchase
Related
Shin, Julia, and Sandra J. Sucher. "AI Adoption Is Overloading Your Middle Managers." Harvard Business Review (website) (June 26, 2026).

Joining the GoHealth Board of Directors (A)

By: Suraj Srinivasan, Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
  • June 2026 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
In early 2020, Joseph Flanagan was considering an offer to join the board of GoHealth, a health insurance intermediary. Flanagan was CEO and a director of Nasdaq-listed healthcare technology company R1 RCM. GoHealth had grown rapidly after turning its focus to Medicare to take advantage of demographic trends and capitalize on the shift toward private Medicare plans. And now the company, with underwriters including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, was within months of what might be one of the largest IPOs of the year. GoHealth had complex corporate governance dynamics. The company planned to go public as a “controlled company” using an “umbrella partnership C corporation” (Up-C) structure, the board would be co-chaired by the company's founders, and the company would need to disclose various related-party transactions. For Flanagan, the appointment, should he accept it, would mark his first experience as a public company independent director and place him in the boardroom of a rapidly expanding business. With a potential IPO in the wings, Flanagan had to decide whether to join GoHealth’s board.
Keywords: Board Of Directors; Board Decisions; Business Ethics; Corporate Boards; Director Accountability; Fiduciary Duties; Healthcare; Shareholders; Strategy And Execution; Chicago; Conflict of Interests; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Leadership; Management; Private Equity; Mergers and Acquisitions; Initial Public Offering; Corporate Disclosure; Governing and Advisory Boards; Going Public; Health Industry; Insurance Industry; United States
Citation
Educators
Purchase
Related
Srinivasan, Suraj, Lynn S. Paine, and Will Hurwitz. "Joining the GoHealth Board of Directors (A)." Harvard Business School Case 126-073, June 2026.

How School of Rock Created Structure in Order to Scale with Agility and Creativity

By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Tatiana Sandino, Brian Kenny and Rob Price
  • 23 Jun 2026 |
  • Interview |
  • Faculty Research
In the summer of 2021, School of Rock was a youth-oriented music education company with 291 franchise- and company-owned schools globally. Before Rob Price became CEO in 2017, School of Rock’s nonconformist culture led to variability in teaching styles, educational outcomes, and risks for copyright violations. Previous attempts to standardize curriculum and processes led to friction with franchisees. Price navigated those tensions by listening more closely to franchisees, clarifying core policies, and giving franchisees freedom in other areas.

One of Price’s major initiatives was the Method App which provided a structure to empower and guide work at the school branches, featuring nearly 100 show programs and 1,000 copyright-compliant song choices tagged with the associated skill levels, musical concepts, and corresponding show programs. When the app launched in 2019, it struggled to gain traction. Some franchisees felt the functionality was flawed; others worried that the app threatened their pedagogical independence. Price’s team considered several options to increase adoption: a listening tour to communicate the app’s value and collect feedback for improvements; an exclusive marketing campaign for schools with a minimum level of app usage; and incentives based on School of Rock’s balanced scorecard that measured performance and other metrics.

Harvard Business School Professors Tatiana Sandino and Jeffrey Rayport joined host Brian Kenny and School of Rock leaders Stacey Ryan, President, and Rob Price, Former CEO for a live taping of Cold Call on the HBS campus. They discussed the case, “School of Rock: Tuning into Structured Empowerment,” and explored how to drive adoption of the Method App across its franchisees without reigniting tensions with the corporate office.
Keywords: Growth Strategy; Quality Management; Entrepreneurship; Leadership; Growth and Development Strategy; Creativity; Education Industry
Citation
Related
"How School of Rock Created Structure in Order to Scale with Agility and Creativity." Cold Call (podcast), Harvard Business Review Group, June 23, 2026.

Chobani: Growing a Live and Active Culture In-Class Multimedia Case

By: Joshua D. Margolis, Ruth Page and Matthew Preble
  • May 2026 |
  • Case |
  • Faculty Research
Pre-abstract: In-class multimedia cases are designed to unfold in the classroom. The student-facing Prep for In-Class Case should be assigned to students before class. The instructor-facing In-Class Multimedia Case should be used by the instructor in class to facilitate discussion. Some in-class cases include Additional Materials, which can be used in class or shared with students after class. Some cases have instructor-facing Case Updates, which typically contain case reveals. Abstract: Hamdi Ulukaya, CEO of the Greek yogurt company Chobani, Inc., was reflecting on what explained his young company's meteoric rise. The company held over half of the U.S. Greek yogurt market, and nearly 20% of the total yogurt market. The company's innovative approach to product design, sales, marketing, and communication had made its yogurt a hit with consumers, and its entrepreneurial and innovative culture made it popular with its employees. But by 2012, major food companies, such as General Mills and Groupe Danone among others, were beginning to aggressively promote their Greek yogurt. In addition, Chobani was rolling out innovative new products, and had to determine how to enter new markets. At the same time, Ulukaya was also focused on preserving the company's unique culture and approach to work as it grew.
Keywords: Innovation; Culture; Growth Strategy; Growth Management; Yogurt; Innovation Strategy; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Entrepreneurship; Marketing; Growth and Development Strategy; Agribusiness; Manufacturing Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Canada; Australia
Citation
Educators
Purchase
Related
Margolis, Joshua D., Ruth Page, and Matthew Preble. "Chobani: Growing a Live and Active Culture In-Class Multimedia Case." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 426-709, May 2026.
More Publications

Faculty

Rosabeth M. Kanter
Linda A. Hill
Boris Groysberg
Nitin Nohria
Lynn S. Paine
Amy C. Edmondson
Michael L. Tushman
Anthony Mayo
Hubert Joly
Joshua D. Margolis
Joseph L. Bower
Ranjay Gulati
→See All

HBS Working Knowlege

    • 08 Nov 2024

    What Wartime Service Taught These Historic Leaders

    Re: Robert Simons
    • 17 Sep 2024

    Fawn Weaver’s Entrepreneurial Journey as an Outsider in the Spirits Industry

    Re: Hise O. Gibson
    • 20 Aug 2024

    Why Competing With Tech Giants Requires Finding Your Own Edge

    Re: Feng Zhu
→More Articles

Harvard Business Publishing

    • August 14, 2026
    • Article

    The Innovation Problems AI Can’t Solve

    By: Julian De Freitas, Ayelet Israeli, Gideon Nave, Artem Timoshenko and Olivier Toubia
    • August 2026
    • Case

    Campaign Finance: 2024 Pennsylvania Senate Race

    By: Robert F. White
    • 2026
    • Book

    Genius at Scale: How Great Leaders Drive Innovation

    By: Linda A. Hill, Emily Tedards and Jason Wild
→More Harvard Business Publishing
ǁ
Campus Map
Harvard Business School
Soldiers Field
Boston, MA 02163
→Map & Directions
→More Contact Information
  • Make a Gift
  • Site Map
  • Jobs
  • Harvard University
  • Trademarks
  • Policies
  • Accessibility
  • Digital Accessibility
Copyright © President & Fellows of Harvard College.