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- 2022
- Working Paper
Why Do Index Funds Have Market Power? Quantifying Frictions in the Index Fund Market
By: Zach Y. Brown, Mark Egan, Jihye Jeon, Chuqing Jin and Alex A. Wu
Index funds are one of the most common ways investors access financial markets and are perceived to be a transparent and low-cost alternative to active investment management. Despite these purported virtues of index fund investing and the introduction of new products...
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- October 2023 (Revised November 2023)
- Case
Ball: EVA Driving the World’s Leading Can Manufacturer (A)
By: Jonas Heese and Susan Pinckney
Ball used Economic Value Added analysis to determine if it should open a new metal can manufacturing facility, which mandated closing two recently acquired factories, or recapitalize and update the two legacy factories.
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Keywords:
Accounting;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Cost Accounting;
Financial Reporting;
Financial Statements;
Buildings and Facilities;
Green Building;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Customer Satisfaction;
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Engineering;
Machinery and Machining;
Finance;
Asset Pricing;
Corporate Finance;
Capital;
Cost;
Financial Management;
Goods and Commodities;
Compensation and Benefits;
Executive Compensation;
Employee Relationship Management;
Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Resource Allocation;
Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
United States;
Arizona;
California;
Texas
- September 2023
- Teaching Note
Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'
By: Brian Trelstad, Nien-hê Hsieh, Michael Norris and Susan Pinckney
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 323-057. Patagonia’s change of ownership from a privately held company to a perpetual purpose trust and 501(c)(4) nonprofit in order to use the company’s profit to fight the environmental crisis and be a model for future businesses.
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Keywords:
Trusts;
Business Ventures;
Business Organization;
Family Business;
Restructuring;
Change;
Disruption;
Transition;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Finance;
Financial Management;
Governance;
Corporate Governance;
Investment Activism;
Innovation Leadership;
Labor;
Law;
Common Law;
Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Organizations;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Ownership;
Ownership Type;
Family Ownership;
Private Ownership;
Social Enterprise;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Society;
Social Issues;
Wealth and Poverty;
Value;
Value Creation;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
- March 2023 (Revised September 2023)
- Case
Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'
By: Brian Trelstad, Nien-hê Hsieh, Michael Norris and Susan Pinckney
In September 2022, Yvon Chouinard, the iconoclastic founder of outdoor apparel company Patagonia, announced a new ownership model for his company. Chouinard and his family had held complete control of the company's voting and non-voting stock since its founding 50...
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Keywords:
Trusts;
Business Ventures;
Business Organization;
Family Business;
Restructuring;
Change;
Disruption;
Transition;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Finance;
Financial Management;
Governance;
Corporate Governance;
Investment Activism;
Leadership;
Labor;
Law;
Common Law;
Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Organizations;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Ownership;
Ownership Type;
Family Ownership;
Private Ownership;
Social Enterprise;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Society;
Social Issues;
Wealth and Poverty;
Value;
Value Creation;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
- February 2023 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
Accelerating the Accelerator: Raja Al Mazrouei at DIFC Fintech Hive
By: Linda A. Hill, Emily Tedards and Lydia Begag
In January 2023, Raja Al Mazrouei became the Managing Director and Acting CEO of Etihad Credit Insurance (ECI) in Dubai, UAE. In her previous role as the Executive Vice President of the DIFC Fintech Hive, she successfully built and led an accelerator program for...
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Keywords:
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Management;
Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Information Infrastructure;
Financial Management;
Financial Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Digital Marketing;
Digital Strategy;
Digital Transformation;
Global Strategy;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Banks and Banking;
Corporate Finance;
Leadership;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Financial Services Industry;
Technology Industry;
Banking Industry;
Middle East;
Singapore;
London;
United Arab Emirates;
Dubai
- October 2022
- Case
Star Magnolia Capital: Becoming Experts at Finding Experts
By: Lauren Cohen, Hao Gao, River Ewing and Grace Headinger
Shinya Deguchi, Founder and Managing Partner of Star Magnolia Capital, a Shanghai-based multi-family office (MFO), considered how to convince a new prospective family that the MFO’s endowment model approach would best suit their needs. In recent decades, there has been...
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- September 2022
- Case
ROI vs. ROI: The Grupo Baobá Family Office
By: Lauren Cohen, Hao Gao, Jiawei Ye and Grace Headinger
Fernando Scodro, a third-generation member of his family, mulled over the next step in integrating an ESG strategy into his family office’s investment portfolio. While his family office, Grupo Baobá, had made excellent progress in incorporating his family’s values into...
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- August 2022
- Case
Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry
By: Tom Nicholas and James Weber
In the early decades of the twentieth century, the U.S. government assisted in the development of an airline industry by subsidizing the delivery of mail and allowing mail carriers to also fly passengers. Because the government awarded mail routes to the lowest...
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Keywords:
Government Regulation;
Deregulation;
Change Management;
Economics;
Entrepreneurship;
Financial Management;
Business History;
Human Resources;
Compensation and Benefits;
Labor;
Labor Unions;
Leading Change;
Leadership Style;
Crisis Management;
Industry Structures;
Operations;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Competition;
Air Transportation;
Air Transportation Industry;
United States
- April 2022 (Revised August 2022)
- Case
Conflicts of Interest at Uptown Bank
By: Jonas Heese
In 2013, two employees debated whether to blow the whistle on their employer, Bell Bank, after completing an internal review that revealed undisclosed conflicts of interest. Bell Bank’s Asset Management business disproportionately invested clients’ money in Bell Bank’s...
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Keywords:
Whistleblower;
Whistleblowing;
Mutual Funds;
Conflicts Of Interest;
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Judgments;
Ethics;
Moral Sensibility;
Values and Beliefs;
Finance;
Financial Institutions;
Banks and Banking;
Financial Management;
Investment;
Investment Funds;
Governance;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Disclosure;
Corporate Governance;
Governance Compliance;
Governance Controls;
Policy;
Law;
Legal Liability;
Social Psychology;
Motivation and Incentives;
Perception;
Perspective;
Trust;
Financial Services Industry;
North and Central America;
United States
- March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
- Case
MTN: Unlocking Value While Driving Socioeconomic Progress
By: Benjamin C. Esty, Pippa Tubman Armerding and Dilyana Karadzhova Botha
On March 10, 2021, Ralph Mupita the new CEO of MTN Group, Africa's largest telecommunications company, presented the group’s 2020 annual results and unveiled a new strategy to “drive growth and unlock value.” Despite MTN’s leadership in most of its markets, the...
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- January 2022
- Technical Note
Introduction to Capital Structure Analytics
By: Samuel Antill and Ted Berk
This technical note provides an overview of key analytical approaches that are useful in assessing the appropriateness of a firm’s capital structure and funding plan. This note introduces basic quantitative tools and metrics that are commonly used as inputs to this...
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- January 2022
- Background Note
Residual Income Valuation Model
By: Charles C.Y. Wang and Albert Shin
This note explains the residual income valuation model (RIM), how it relates to "traditional" valuation models, the intuition behind its use, and empirical research related to its value relevance. RIM is theoretically equivalent to the dividend discount model and the...
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- September 2021
- Case
Brown Capital Management
By: Luis M. Viceira, Emily R. McComb and Sarah Mehta
Set in July 2021, this case looks at several growth strategies under consideration at Brown Capital, the second-oldest Black-owned asset management firm in the U.S. Since its 1983 founding, Baltimore-based Brown Capital has specialized in small company growth...
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Keywords:
Business Growth and Maturation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Diversity;
Race;
Finance;
Equity;
Public Equity;
Stocks;
Financial Management;
Financial Strategy;
Investment;
Investment Portfolio;
Employee Stock Ownership Plan;
Recruitment;
Retention;
Selection and Staffing;
Employee Ownership;
Strategy;
Financial Services Industry;
United States;
Maryland;
Baltimore
- July 2021 (Revised February 2022)
- Technical Note
RegTech: A New Way to Manage Risks
By: Aiyesha Dey, Jonas Heese and James Barnett
A note on regulatory technology (RegTech) describing its evolution, use cases, and the competitive environment in 2021.
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- June 2021 (Revised February 2023)
- Case
MicroStrategy: Accounting for Cryptocurrency
By: Jonas Heese and Annelena Lobb
On February 15, 2021, Alina Moss, an analyst who covered the technology company MicroStrategy, pondered a rise in MicroStrategy’s share price. Moss had dialed into the company earnings call. When it ended, Moss had more questions than answers. MicroStrategy had...
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- April 2021 (Revised July 2021)
- Case
Public Equities Impact Investing at BlackRock
By: Shawn A. Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi, Michael Norris and John Masko
In early 2021, BlackRock—the world’s largest asset manager with $9 trillion in assets under management (AUM)—sought to become a leader in promoting environmental and social sustainability. Over the previous ten years, CEO Larry Fink had written an annual open letter to...
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Keywords:
Impact Investing;
Renewable Energy;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Equity;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Financial Management;
Investment Funds;
Investment Return;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
- August 2020 (Revised February 2021)
- Case
Luckin Coffee (A): Caffeine-fueled Growth?
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
This case describes the founding of Chinese coffee chain Luckin Coffee in 2017 and its path to surpassing Starbucks as the largest coffee chain in China (by number of stores) in 2019. Unlike Starbucks stores, which were designed to be welcoming “third places” for...
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Keywords:
Business Model;
Business Earnings;
Cost;
Cost Management;
Financial Statements;
Financial Condition;
Financial Management;
Stocks;
Profit;
Revenue;
Price;
Food;
Business History;
Employment;
Brands and Branding;
Product Positioning;
Marketing Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Expansion;
Competitive Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Technology Industry;
Asia;
China
- August 2020
- Supplement
Luckin Coffee (B): Revelations of Fraud
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
This case describes revelations of fraud at Luckin Coffee, beginning with an anonymous report in January 2020 and continuing with the company’s admission in April 2020 that it had inflated its revenues by 2.2 billion RMB ($310 million), almost half its reported...
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- November 2019
- Supplement
United Technologies Corp.: Are the Parts Worth More Than the Whole?
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
After spending more than 50 years creating a diversified industrial conglomerate that Fortune Magazine described as “arguably the most profitable conglomerate in America” in 2014, UTC’s CEO Greg Hayes was under pressure from activist investors (Dan Loeb and Bill...
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Keywords:
Corporate Strategy;
Business Conglomerates;
Financial Management;
Corporate Governance;
Organizational Structure;
Diversification;
Valuation;
Investment Activism;
Financial Strategy;
Investment Funds;
Value Creation;
Aerospace Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
United States
- November 2019 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
United Technologies: Are the Parts Worth More Than the Whole?
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
After spending more than 50 years creating a diversified industrial conglomerate that Fortune magazine described as “arguably the most profitable conglomerate in America” in 2014, UTC’s CEO Greg Hayes was under pressure from activist investors (Dan Loeb and Bill...
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