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- 2020
- Working Paper
Pioneer (Dis-)advantages in Markets for Technology
By: Moritz Fischer, Joachim Henkel and Ariel Dora Stern
This study sheds new light on first- and early-mover advantages in the context of product innovation. Research on this classic topic often assumes that each firm participates in the entirety of the innovation and commercialization process. However, a division of labor...
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Keywords:
First-mover Advantage;
Product;
Innovation Strategy;
Market Entry and Exit;
Acquisition;
Technology
Fischer, Moritz, Joachim Henkel, and Ariel Dora Stern. "Pioneer (Dis-)advantages in Markets for Technology." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-043, October 2018. (Revised March 2020.)
- January 2022 (Revised September 2022)
- Teaching Note
White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches
By: Jill Avery
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 521-073.
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- Article
Entry into Platform-based Markets
By: Feng Zhu and Marco Iansiti
This paper examines the relative importance of platform quality, indirect network effects, and consumer expectations on the success of entrants in platform-based markets. We develop a theoretical model and find that an entrant's success depends on the strength of...
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Keywords:
Platform-based Markets;
Winnter-take-all;
First-mover Advantage;
Indirect Network Effects;
Video Game Industry;
Quality;
Network Effects;
Market Entry and Exit;
Digital Platforms;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry
Zhu, Feng, and Marco Iansiti. "Entry into Platform-based Markets." Strategic Management Journal 33, no. 1 (January 2012): 88–106.
- February 2019 (Revised September 2021)
- Case
The a2 Milk Company
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow's milk. Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and...
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Keywords:
Judo Economics;
Market Entry;
Innovation;
Barriers To Response;
Industry Attractiveness;
Advantage Horizon;
Sustainability;
First-mover Advantage;
Scope;
Strategy Execution;
Strategic Evolution;
Biochemistry;
Genetics;
Branding;
Commodity;
Milk;
Dairy;
Infant Formula;
Farming;
Porter's Five Forces;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Value Creation;
Competition;
Disruption;
Innovation and Invention;
Five Forces Framework;
Market Entry and Exit
Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "The a2 Milk Company." Harvard Business School Case 719-424, February 2019. (Revised September 2021.)
- April 2019
- Teaching Note
The a2 Milk Company
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow's milk. Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and...
View Details
Keywords:
Judo Economics;
Market Entry;
Innovation;
Barriers To Response;
Industry Attractiveness;
Advantage Horizon;
Sustainability;
First-mover Advantage;
Scope;
Strategy Execution;
Strategic Evolution;
Biochemistry;
Genetics;
Branding;
Commodity;
Milk;
Dairy;
Infant Formula;
Farming;
Porter's Five Forces;
Market Entry and Exit;
Disruption;
Innovation and Invention;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Value Creation;
Competition;
Brands and Branding;
Five Forces Framework;
Consumer Products Industry;
New Zealand;
Australia;
China
- January 2019 (Revised February 2019)
- Supplement
The a2 Milk Company
By: Benjamin C. Esty, Daniel Fisher and Greg Saldutte
The a2 Milk Company (a2MC) became the most valuable company listed on the New Zealand stock exchange in 2018 by capitalizing on a biochemical discovery related to the protein composition of cow's milk. Because many people find the A1 protein difficult to digest, and...
View Details
Keywords:
Judo Economics;
Market Entry;
Innovation;
Barriers To Response;
Industry Attractiveness;
Advantage Horizon;
Sustainability;
First-mover Advantage;
Scope;
Strategy Execution;
Strategic Evolution;
Biochemistry;
Genetics;
Branding;
Commodity;
Milk;
Dairy;
Infant Formula;
Farming;
Porter's Five Forces;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Value Creation;
Competition;
Market Entry and Exit;
Disruption;
Innovation and Invention;
Five Forces Framework;
Consumer Products Industry;
New Zealand;
Australia;
China
- 10 Apr 2006
- Research & Ideas
Lessons from the Browser Wars
fast second mover can upset the normally strong barriers to entry that a first-mover advantage in a network setting can create. In short, the big lesson learned is that a window of opportunity exists for a...
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- 28 Jul 2022
- News
How the cost of living crisis killed the convenience economy
- November 1998 (Revised March 1999)
- Case
Houses for Africa
Traces the founding and development of Houses for Africa, a firm established to build low-income housing in Zimbabwe. Explores entrepreneurship in an emerging market, the problems that arise when complementary markets do not function well, and the importance of...
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Kennedy, Robert E., and Maurice F Dunne III. "Houses for Africa." Harvard Business School Case 799-041, November 1998. (Revised March 1999.)
- February 2001 (Revised February 2002)
- Background Note
Leader's (Dis)Advantage, The
Provides a rigorous description of the economic dynamics that may produce inherent advantages for large and/or first-mover firms within an industry, as well as those factors that may result in disadvantages for such leading firms. The leader advantages discussed...
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Coughlan, Peter J. "Leader's (Dis)Advantage, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 701-084, February 2001. (Revised February 2002.)
- October 1999 (Revised October 2005)
- Case
Autobytel.com
By: Youngme E. Moon
Autobytel enjoys first-mover advantage in the Internet new car buying space. According to a number of metrics, it is the online leader in this category. However, a number of competitors have sprung up, raising questions about the long-term viability of Autobytel's...
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Keywords:
Growth and Development Strategy;
Internet and the Web;
Marketing Channels;
Strategy;
Internet and the Web;
Competition;
Business Model;
Service Operations;
Budgets and Budgeting;
Growth and Development;
Auto Industry
Moon, Youngme E. "Autobytel.com." Harvard Business School Case 500-015, October 1999. (Revised October 2005.)
- June 2023
- Case
Launching Egypt’s First Digital Banking Platform: QNB Bebasata
By: Mark Egan, Billy Chan and Ahmed Dahawy
The leadership team at QNB Alahli, Egypt's second biggest private bank, looked back on their efforts to create a brand-new, fully digital banking platform since 2019. A digital-only banking service was unprecedented in Egypt, a country where over 90% of financial...
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Keywords:
Digital Transformation;
Banks and Banking;
Innovation and Invention;
Competitive Strategy;
Business Model;
Product Launch;
Finance;
Banking Industry;
Egypt
Egan, Mark, Billy Chan, and Ahmed Dahawy. "Launching Egypt’s First Digital Banking Platform: QNB Bebasata." Harvard Business School Case 223-091, June 2023.
- June 1996 (Revised January 1999)
- Case
XcelleNet, Inc. (A)
By: Stephen P. Bradley, Richard L. Nolan and James Leonard
XcelleNet, a $35 million system software company based in Atlanta, was founded in 1986 to address the computing needs of a class of remote and mobile users and data that were rarely connected to a network. Though the clear first mover and leader in the remote...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
Opportunities;
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Technology Networks;
Computer Industry;
Atlanta
Bradley, Stephen P., Richard L. Nolan, and James Leonard. "XcelleNet, Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 796-189, June 1996. (Revised January 1999.)
- October 1999 (Revised July 2002)
- Case
WingspanBank.com (A)
By: Sandra J. Sucher and Daniel Galvin
The case describes the new product development process for WingspanBank.com, an Internet-only financial services "infomediary" created by a team from Bank One's First USA division. The creation of the bank is described from concept development to prelaunch decision...
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Keywords:
Business Startups;
Decision Making;
Information Management;
Management Practices and Processes;
Managerial Roles;
Product Development;
Performance Consistency;
Competitive Advantage;
Internet;
Financial Services Industry;
Web Services Industry;
United States
Sucher, Sandra J., and Daniel Galvin. "WingspanBank.com (A)." Harvard Business School Case 600-035, October 1999. (Revised July 2002.)
- March 2001
- Article
Strategy and the Internet
By: M. E. Porter
Many of the pioneers of Internet business, both dot-coms and established companies, have competed in ways that violate nearly every precept of good strategy. Rather than focus on profits, they have chased customers indiscriminately through discounting, channel...
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Porter, M. E. "Strategy and the Internet." Harvard Business Review 79, no. 3 (March 2001): 62–78.
- May 2002 (Revised October 2002)
- Case
Telewest Communications plc
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Laure Mougeot Stroock
Created in 1992, Telewest has become the second largest broadband communication provider in the United Kingdom, offering telephone, cable television, and cable Internet services, as well as television and online content to the U.K. entertainment market. The first to...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Technological Innovation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Industry Structures;
Competition;
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Telecommunications Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom
Applegate, Lynda M., and Laure Mougeot Stroock. "Telewest Communications plc." Harvard Business School Case 802-011, May 2002. (Revised October 2002.)
- Article
Divide and Conquer: Competing with Free Technology under Network Effects
By: Deishin Lee and Haim Mendelson
We study how a commercial firm competes with a free open source product. The market consists of two customer segments with different preferences and is characterized by positive network effects. The commercial firm makes product and pricing decisions to maximize its...
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Keywords:
Profit;
Product Launch;
Network Effects;
Open Source Distribution;
Adoption;
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage
Lee, Deishin, and Haim Mendelson. "Divide and Conquer: Competing with Free Technology under Network Effects." Production and Operations Management 17, no. 1 (January–February 2008): 12–28.
- October 2016 (Revised March 2019)
- Case
Carrum Health: Scaling Bundled Payments
By: Robert S. Huckman and Sarah Mehta
Founded in 2014, Carrum Health helped self-insured employers located in three markets (San Diego, California; Seattle, Washington; and San Francisco, California) save money on their employees’ planned surgeries. It did so by contracting directly with top-quality...
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Keywords:
Health Financing;
Health Insurance;
Value-based Healthcare Reimbursements;
Bundled Payments;
Innovation;
Scale;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Cost Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Health Industry;
California;
San Francisco;
San Diego;
Seattle
Huckman, Robert S., and Sarah Mehta. "Carrum Health: Scaling Bundled Payments." Harvard Business School Case 617-017, October 2016. (Revised March 2019.)
- 29 Jun 2007
- First Look
First Look: June 29, 2007
are compatible. However, if the commercial firm can enter the market first, it can increase its profits and gain market share by being incompatible with its open source competitor, even if customers can later switch at zero cost. This View Details
Keywords:
Martha Lagace
- 29 May 2012
- First Look
First Look: May 29
will adopt the change. By contrast, strong ties to potentially influential organization members who disapprove of a change outright (resistors) are an effective means of affective cooptation only when a change diverges little from institutionalized practices. With more...
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Keywords:
Sean Silverthorne