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- March 2024
- Teaching Note
CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub
By: Frank Nagle and Maria P. Roche
This teaching note is the companion to case N9-624-010 CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub, which takes place in late 2021. The case briefly describes the history of both GitHub and Microsoft with a particular focus on open source software (OSS) –...
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- March 2024
- Case
Governing OpenAI
By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan and Will Hurwitz
In late November 2023, OpenAI’s new board of directors took stock of the situation. The company, which sought to develop artificial general intelligence (AGI)—computer systems with capabilities exceeding human abilities—was looking to regain its footing after a chaotic...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Board Of Directors;
Board Decisions;
Board Dynamics;
Business Ethics;
Corporate Boards;
Governance Changes;
Governance Structure;
Leadership Change;
Legal Aspects Of Business;
Nonprofit;
Nonprofit Governance;
Open Source;
Partnerships;
Regulation;
Strategy And Execution;
Technological Change;
AI and Machine Learning;
Corporate Governance;
Leadership;
Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Technological Innovation;
Technology Industry;
San Francisco;
United States
- March 2024
- Supplement
Toby Norman: Is Passion Enough for Simprints to Thrive? Decision: Mexico Deal vs. Open Source
Jachimowicz, Jon M. "Toby Norman: Is Passion Enough for Simprints to Thrive? Decision: Mexico Deal vs. Open Source." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 424-708, March 2024.
- February 2024
- Case
AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup
By: Frank Nagle, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein and Susan Pinckney
The case describes the history of AGENTS.inc. Despite being a small startup, with only four employees, that had never had a funding round, the company boasted an impressive client portfolio including multiple Fortune 500 companies. While AGENTS.inc had been an early...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Business Startups;
Small Business;
Change;
Transformation;
Customers;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decision Making;
Decisions;
Entrepreneurship;
Finance;
Venture Capital;
Financial Strategy;
Information Technology;
AI and Machine Learning;
Digital Platforms;
Technological Innovation;
Intellectual Property;
Copyright;
Management;
Growth and Development;
Markets;
Market Timing;
Ownership;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Strategy;
Competition;
Computer Industry;
Europe;
Germany
Nagle, Frank, Manuel Hoffmann, Karoline Ströhlein, and Susan Pinckney. "AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup." Harvard Business School Case 724-444, February 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Open Devices and Slices: Evidence from Wi-Fi Equipment
By: Do Yoon Kim, Roberto Fontana and Shane Greenstein
Prior studies suggest that openness shapes the introduction of new products. This study
collects novel data on all routers and subcomponents introduced between 2000 and 2018. We
characterize each firm's position in a supply chain as upstream component providers...
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Kim, Do Yoon, Roberto Fontana, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Devices and Slices: Evidence from Wi-Fi Equipment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-045, January 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups
By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
Does participating in open source software (OSS) communities spur entrepreneurial growth? More
efficiently developing shared code, learning from what the OSS community has developed, and
shaping the direction of massive projects, such as those linked to frameworks...
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Keywords:
Applications and Software;
Open Source Distribution;
Entrepreneurship;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Human Capital;
Valuation;
Corporate Strategy
Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-040, January 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
The Value of Open Source Software
By: Manuel Hoffmann, Frank Nagle and Yanuo Zhou
The value of a non-pecuniary (free) product is inherently difficult to assess. A pervasive
example is open source software (OSS), a global public good that plays a vital role in the economy
and is foundational for most technology we use today. However, it is...
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Hoffmann, Manuel, Frank Nagle, and Yanuo Zhou. "The Value of Open Source Software." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-038, January 2024.
- November 2023
- Article
Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship
By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
This is the first study to consider the relationship between open source software (OSS) and
entrepreneurship around the globe. This study measures whether country-level participation on
the GitHub OSS platform affects the founding of innovative ventures, and where it...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Applications and Software;
Business Ventures;
Development Economics;
Innovation and Invention;
Global Range
Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship." Art. 104846. Research Policy 52, no. 9 (November 2023).
- September 28, 2023
- Article
A Perspective on the Great Reallocation of Global Supply Chains
By: Laura Alfaro and Davin Chor
Previous optimism that cross-border supply chains would improve efficiency for firms and open up growth opportunities for countries has been tempered by concerns that global value chains now expose firms and countries to the risk of disruptions. This column analyses...
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Alfaro, Laura, and Davin Chor. "A Perspective on the Great Reallocation of Global Supply Chains." Vox, CEPR Policy Portal (September 28, 2023).
- September 2023
- Technical Note
Free and Open Source Software and Hardware
By: Frank Nagle
This technical note surveys the concepts of free and open source software and hardware. It introduces the concepts in general, providing a brief history of their development and numerous examples of how companies employ them in practice. Further, it identifies various...
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Keywords:
Corporate Strategy;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Technological Innovation;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Competitive Strategy;
Patents;
Information Technology;
Business Model;
Open Source Distribution;
Applications and Software;
Information Technology Industry;
Technology Industry
Nagle, Frank. "Free and Open Source Software and Hardware." Harvard Business School Technical Note 724-380, September 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Incentivizing Innovation in Open Source: Evidence from the GitHub Sponsors Program
By: Annamaria Conti, Vansh Gupta, Jorge Guzman and Maria P. Roche
Open source is key to innovation, but we know little about how to incentivize
it. In this paper, we examine the impact of a program providing monetary
incentives to motivate innovators to contribute to open source. The Sponsors
program was introduced by GitHub in...
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Keywords:
Open Source Distribution;
Innovation and Invention;
Motivation and Incentives;
Technology Industry
Conti, Annamaria, Vansh Gupta, Jorge Guzman, and Maria P. Roche. "Incentivizing Innovation in Open Source: Evidence from the GitHub Sponsors Program." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-014, September 2023. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31668, September 2023.)
- August 2023 (Revised October 2023)
- Case
Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023
Chile, often considered among Latin America's greatest economic success stories, suffered a shocking wave of protests in October 2019, as its citizens demanded reforms across healthcare and education systems, and protested inequality and rising costs of living. As...
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Keywords:
Government Administration;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Economic Growth;
Social Issues;
Wealth and Poverty;
Public Opinion;
Equality and Inequality;
Public Administration Industry;
Chile;
Latin America;
South America
Spar, Debora, Willis Emmons, Leonard A. Schlesinger, and Ruth Costas. "Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023." Harvard Business School Case 324-005, August 2023. (Revised October 2023.)
- July 13, 2023
- Article
Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media
By: Scott Duke Kominers and Liang Wu
Threads, Meta’s Twitter competitor, has become the fastest downloaded app in history. One of the reasons for this is because it allows users to port over their profiles and follows from the already popular social media platform Instagram, also owned by Meta—a feature...
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Keywords:
Decentralization;
Twitter;
Facebook;
Instagram;
Crypto Economy;
Blockchain;
Network;
Industrial Organization;
Competition;
Open Innovation;
Open Platforms;
Open Source Innovation;
Social Networks;
Social Media;
Applications and Software;
Information Technology Industry
Kominers, Scott Duke, and Liang Wu. "Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (July 13, 2023).
- July 2023
- Supplement
Reimagining Enel: Enabling Sustainable Progress (A)
By: Michael Tushman and Kerry Herman
This case describes the transformation of Enel from a traditional “brown” or fossil fuel energy firm to a sustainable and green firm focused on renewables, and finally to an energy supplier and integrated energy services firm. It describes a set of capabilities...
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Keywords:
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Innovation and Invention;
Transformation;
Green Technology;
Renewable Energy;
Energy Industry
Tushman, Michael, and Kerry Herman. "Reimagining Enel: Enabling Sustainable Progress (A)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 423-724, July 2023.
- April 2023
- Supplement
Fresh Food Generation
By: Brian Trelstad
Instructors should consider the timing of making videos available to students, as they may reveal key case details.
This case highlights one of five BIPOC entrepreneuers in the Boston area as part of the HBS Impact Investment Fund. In fall 2021, a team of... View Details
This case highlights one of five BIPOC entrepreneuers in the Boston area as part of the HBS Impact Investment Fund. In fall 2021, a team of... View Details
Trelstad, Brian. "Fresh Food Generation." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 323-704, April 2023.
- April 2023
- Article
Learning Down to Train Up: Mentors Are More Effective When They Value Insights from Below
By: Ting Zhang, Dan Wang and Adam D. Galinsky
Although mentorship is vital for individual success, potential mentors often view it as a costly burden. To understand what motivates mentors to overcome this barrier and more fully engage with their mentees, we introduce a new construct, learning direction, which...
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Keywords:
Mentoring;
Learning Direction;
Interpersonal Communication;
Learning;
Leadership Development
Zhang, Ting, Dan Wang, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Learning Down to Train Up: Mentors Are More Effective When They Value Insights from Below." Academy of Management Journal 66, no. 2 (April 2023): 604–637.
- 2023
- Working Paper
A Welfare Analysis of Gambling in Video Games
By: Tomomichi Amano and Andrey Simonov
In 2020, gamers worldwide spent more than $15 billion on loot boxes, a lottery of virtual items built into video games. Loot boxes are contentious, as regulators worry that they constitute gambling. In contrast, video game companies maintain that loot boxes are...
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Keywords:
Consumer Behavior;
Policy;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Product Design;
Video Game Industry
Amano, Tomomichi, and Andrey Simonov. "A Welfare Analysis of Gambling in Video Games." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-052, February 2023.
- October 2022
- Case
Pricing at Echosec Systems
By: Elie Ofek, Marco Bertini, Annelena Lobb and Alexis Lefort
This case follows the evolution of pricing strategy at Echosec Systems, a Canadian open source intelligence firm. The case provides information on pricing as the company grows and diversifies its product offerings.
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Keywords:
Marketing Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Price;
Product Development;
Information Industry;
Canada;
United States
Ofek, Elie, Marco Bertini, Annelena Lobb, and Alexis Lefort. "Pricing at Echosec Systems." Harvard Business School Case 523-052, October 2022.
- October 2022
- Case
Spaceport America, Public Sector Risk-taking, and Political Accountability (A)
By: Matthew Weinzierl, Dava Newman, Rebecca Browder and Angela Acocella
Sitting quietly in the heart of the New Mexico desert in the summer of 2014, Spaceport America (SA) housed little of the activity its supporters anticipated when opening its hangar doors in 2011. Despite $1 million in annual rent from Virgin Galactic, British...
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Keywords:
Funding Sources;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Public Sector;
Business and Government Relations;
Factories, Labs, and Plants;
Aerospace Industry;
New Mexico
Weinzierl, Matthew, Dava Newman, Rebecca Browder, and Angela Acocella. "Spaceport America, Public Sector Risk-taking, and Political Accountability (A)." Harvard Business School Case 723-011, October 2022.
- 2022
- White Paper
The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement
By: Matt Sigelman, Joseph Fuller, Nik Dawson and Gad Levanon
The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement is a new effort to give companies and other stakeholders a set of robust tools that measure how well major employers are doing in fostering economic mobility for workers and how they could do...
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Keywords:
Upward Mobility;
Career Advancement;
Personal Development and Career;
Compensation and Benefits;
Employees;
Wages;
Human Capital;
Recruitment
Sigelman, Matt, Joseph Fuller, Nik Dawson, and Gad Levanon. "The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement." White Paper, Burning Glass Institute, October 2022 (A joint project with Harvard Business School Project on Managing the Future of Work and Schultz Family Foundation.)