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- December 2023
- Teaching Note
Buurtzorg
By: Ethan Bernstein and Tatiana Sandino
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 122-101. As co-founders of home nursing company Buurtzorg, Jos de Blok and Gonnie Kronenberg prized both self-management and organizational learning. Buurtzorg’s 10,000 nurses across 950 neighborhood nursing teams in the Netherlands were...
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- 2023
- Article
M4: A Unified XAI Benchmark for Faithfulness Evaluation of Feature Attribution Methods across Metrics, Modalities, and Models
By: Himabindu Lakkaraju, Xuhong Li, Mengnan Du, Jiamin Chen, Yekun Chai and Haoyi Xiong
While Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques have been widely studied to explain predictions made by deep neural networks, the way to evaluate the faithfulness of explanation results remains challenging, due to the heterogeneity of explanations for...
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Keywords:
AI and Machine Learning
Lakkaraju, Himabindu, Xuhong Li, Mengnan Du, Jiamin Chen, Yekun Chai, and Haoyi Xiong. "M4: A Unified XAI Benchmark for Faithfulness Evaluation of Feature Attribution Methods across Metrics, Modalities, and Models." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
- November–December 2023
- Article
Network Centralization and Collective Adaptability to a Shifting Environment
By: Ethan S. Bernstein, Jesse C. Shore and Alice J. Jang
We study the connection between communication network structure and an organization’s collective adaptability to a shifting environment. Research has shown that network centralization—the degree to which communication flows disproportionately through one or more...
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Keywords:
Network Centralization;
Collective Intelligence;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Communication;
Decision Making;
Networks;
Adaptation
Bernstein, Ethan S., Jesse C. Shore, and Alice J. Jang. "Network Centralization and Collective Adaptability to a Shifting Environment." Organization Science 34, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 2064–2096.
- September 2023 (Revised December 2023)
- Case
TetraScience: Noise and Signal
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Tom Quinn
In 2019, TetraScience CEO “Spin” Wang needed advice. Five years earlier, he had cofounded a startup that saw early success with a hardware product designed to help laboratory scientists in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical spaces more easily collect data from...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Organization;
Restructuring;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Digital Platforms;
Analytics and Data Science;
AI and Machine Learning;
Organizational Structure;
Network Effects;
Competitive Strategy;
Biotechnology Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States;
Boston
- July 2023 (Revised July 2023)
- Background Note
Generative AI Value Chain
By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
Generative AI refers to a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that can create new content (e.g., text, image, or audio) in response to a prompt from a user. ChatGPT, Bard, and Claude are examples of text generating AIs, and DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion are...
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Keywords:
AI;
Artificial Intelligence;
Model;
Hardware;
Data Centers;
AI and Machine Learning;
Applications and Software;
Analytics and Data Science;
Value
Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Generative AI Value Chain." Harvard Business School Background Note 724-355, July 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
- Article
The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market
By: Marco Di Maggio, Mark Egan and Francesco Franzoni
We estimate a structural model of broker choice to quantitatively decompose the value that institutional investors attach to broker services. Studying over 300 million institutional equity trades, we find that investors are sensitive to both explicit and implicit...
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Keywords:
Financial Intermediation;
Institutional Investors;
Research Analysts;
Broker Networks;
Equity Trading;
Institutional Investing
Di Maggio, Marco, Mark Egan, and Francesco Franzoni. "The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market." Journal of Financial Economics 145, no. 2A (August 2022): 208–233.
- June 2022 (Revised January 2023)
- Case
Buurtzorg
By: Ethan Bernstein, Tatiana Sandino, Joost Minnaar and Annelena Lobb
As co-founders of home nursing company Buurtzorg, Jos de Blok and Gonnie Kronenberg prized both self-management and organizational learning. Buurtzorg’s 10,000 nurses across 950 neighborhood nursing teams in the Netherlands were empowered to manage themselves, both in...
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Keywords:
Healthcare;
Best Practices;
Best Practices Transfer;
Flat Organization;
Self-Managed Organizations;
Self-Managed Teams;
Organizational Learning;
Knowledge Management;
Learning;
Management Practices and Processes;
Human Resources;
Communication;
Organizational Structure;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Groups and Teams;
Networks;
Health Industry;
Netherlands;
Europe
Bernstein, Ethan, Tatiana Sandino, Joost Minnaar, and Annelena Lobb. "Buurtzorg." Harvard Business School Case 122-101, June 2022. (Revised January 2023.)
- June 2022 (Revised August 2023)
- Case
Strategic Innovation at the United Nations: A Network of Ecosystems
By: Frank Nagle, Elizabeth J. Altman and Amy Klopfenstein
In 2021, Gina Lucarelli, leader of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Accelerator Labs, prepared for a meeting with UNDP Administrator Achim Steiner. The two planned to discuss the future of the Accelerator Labs, a network of social innovation labs located...
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Keywords:
Change;
Disruption;
Transformation;
Change Management;
Education;
Learning;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Geography;
Geographic Scope;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Geopolitical Units;
Country;
Human Resources;
Recruitment;
Retention;
Selection and Staffing;
Employees;
Employee Relationship Management;
Information Technology;
Information Management;
Innovation and Invention;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Innovation Strategy;
Knowledge;
Knowledge Acquisition;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Knowledge Management;
Knowledge Sharing;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Organizations;
Mission and Purpose;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Social Enterprise;
Non-Governmental Organizations;
Social Psychology;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Society;
Social Issues;
Welfare;
Strategy;
Cooperation;
Adaptation;
Public Administration Industry;
North and Central America
Nagle, Frank, Elizabeth J. Altman, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Strategic Innovation at the United Nations: A Network of Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Case 722-363, June 2022. (Revised August 2023.)
- May 2022
- Case
Rawbank's Illico Cash: Can 'Fast Money' Overcome Cash Dependency in the DRC?
By: Lauren Cohen and Grace Headinger
Thomas de Dreux-Brézé, the Head of Strategy and Project Management at Rawbank Congo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), was perplexed as he reviewed annual adoption rates for the bank’s launch of Illico Cash 2.0. As the bank’s mobile money app, Illico Cash...
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Keywords:
Fintech;
Inflation;
Deflation;
Rural;
Urban;
Emerging Market;
Mobile Technology;
Finance;
Money;
Inflation and Deflation;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Demographics;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Behavioral Finance;
Currency;
Banks and Banking;
Commercial Banking;
Financial Strategy;
Rural Scope;
Urban Scope;
Innovation Strategy;
Emerging Markets;
Network Effects;
Consumer Behavior;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Technology Adoption;
Banking Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Technology Industry;
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Cohen, Lauren, and Grace Headinger. "Rawbank's Illico Cash: Can 'Fast Money' Overcome Cash Dependency in the DRC?" Harvard Business School Case 222-084, May 2022.
- 2022
- Article
Probing GNN Explainers: A Rigorous Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of GNN Explanation Methods.
By: Chirag Agarwal, Marinka Zitnik and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly employed in real-world applications, it becomes critical to ensure that the stakeholders understand the rationale behind their predictions. While several GNN explanation methods have been proposed recently, there has...
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Keywords:
Graph Neural Networks;
Explanation Methods;
Mathematical Methods;
Framework;
Theory;
Analysis
Agarwal, Chirag, Marinka Zitnik, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Probing GNN Explainers: A Rigorous Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of GNN Explanation Methods." Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 25th (2022).
- March 2022
- Technical Note
Ethical Analysis: Society
By: Nien-hê Hsieh
How should managers determine and deliver on their responsibilities to society? This note summarizes prevailing approaches to this question and outlines an approach centered on what distinguishes society from other key constituencies, such as investors or customers....
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Keywords:
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Organizational Structure;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Ethics;
Analysis
Hsieh, Nien-hê. "Ethical Analysis: Society." Harvard Business School Technical Note 322-119, March 2022.
- November 2021
- Article
Ratings, Reviews, and the Marketing of New Products
By: Itay P. Fainmesser, Dominique Olié Lauga and Elie Ofek
We study how user-generated content (UGC) about new products impacts a firm's advertising and pricing decisions and the effect on profits and market dynamics. We construct a two-period model where consumers value quality and are heterogeneous in their taste for the new...
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Keywords:
Online Reviews;
Product Ratings;
Social Networks;
Word Of Mouth;
Pricing;
User-generated Content;
Advertising;
Product Marketing;
Price;
Consumer Behavior;
Product Positioning;
Social Media
Fainmesser, Itay P., Dominique Olié Lauga, and Elie Ofek. "Ratings, Reviews, and the Marketing of New Products." Management Science 67, no. 11 (November 2021): 7023–7045.
- September 2021 (Revised February 2023)
- Case
Harambe: Mobilizing Capital in Africa
By: Anywhere (Siko) Sikochi, Dilyana Karadzhova Botha and Francesco Tronci
Harambe was a non-profit organization whose mission was to build an ecosystem to identify promising young African entrepreneurs and provide them access to training, markets, capital, and support networks. From 2007 to 2021, Harambe had grown to a network of 367...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Business Model;
Strategy;
Organizational Structure;
Business Startups;
Capital;
Venture Capital;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Networks;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Emerging Markets;
Africa;
South Africa
Sikochi, Anywhere (Siko), Dilyana Karadzhova Botha, and Francesco Tronci. "Harambe: Mobilizing Capital in Africa." Harvard Business School Case 122-021, September 2021. (Revised February 2023.)
- Article
Dynamic Silos: Modularity in Intra-organizational Communication Networks during the Covid-19 Pandemic
By: Jonathan Larson, Tiona Zuzul, Emily Cox Pahnke, Neha Parikh Shah, Patrick Bourke, Nicholas Caurvina, Fereshteh Amini, Youngser Park, Joshua Vogelstein, Jeffrey Weston, Christopher White and Carey E. Priebe
Workplace communications around the world were drastically altered by Covid-19, work-from-home orders, and the rise of remote work. We analyze aggregated, anonymized metadata from over 360 billion emails within over 4000 organizations worldwide to examine changes in...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Remote Work;
Organizational Silos;
Health Pandemics;
Organizations;
Communication;
Networks
Larson, Jonathan, Tiona Zuzul, Emily Cox Pahnke, Neha Parikh Shah, Patrick Bourke, Nicholas Caurvina, Fereshteh Amini, Youngser Park, Joshua Vogelstein, Jeffrey Weston, Christopher White, and Carey E. Priebe. "Dynamic Silos: Modularity in Intra-organizational Communication Networks during the Covid-19 Pandemic." arXiv.org (April 1, 2021).
- 2023
- Working Paper
Effects of Structured Sharing of Best Practices in an Unstructured Information Sharing System
By: Shelley Xin Li and Tatiana Sandino
Unstructured information sharing systems, such as certain enterprise social networks (ESNs), can
supplement top-down knowledge transfer with a wide array of ideas through peer-to-peer
knowledge sharing. However, the unstructured nature of such systems can also lead...
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Keywords:
Retail;
Best Practices;
Enterprise Social Media;
Management Accounting And Control Systems;
Knowledge Sharing;
Networks;
Management Systems;
Management Practices and Processes;
Social Media;
Europe
Li, Shelley Xin, and Tatiana Sandino. "Effects of Structured Sharing of Best Practices in an Unstructured Information Sharing System." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-085, February 2021. (Revised March 2023.)
- December 2020
- Article
Taking Innovation to the Streets: Micro-geography, Physical Structure and Innovation
By: Maria P. Roche
In this paper, we analyze how the physical layout of cities affects innovation by influencing the organization of knowledge exchange. We exploit a novel data set covering all Census Block Groups in the contiguous United States with information on innovation outcomes,...
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Keywords:
Microgeography;
Innovation;
Street Infrastructure;
Knowledge Exchange;
Interactions;
Geography;
City;
Innovation and Invention;
Knowledge Sharing
Roche, Maria P. "Taking Innovation to the Streets: Micro-geography, Physical Structure and Innovation." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 5 (December 2020): 912–928.
- November 2020 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care
By: Trevor Fetter and Kira Seiger
This case describes the increasing investment by private equity (PE) firms in patient care and other healthcare services. The case focuses on investments in physician staffing firms and roll-up strategy investments in physician practice management (PPM). Included in...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Model;
Change;
Disruption;
Fluctuation;
Trends;
Customers;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Ethics;
Fairness;
Finance;
Equity;
Insurance;
Private Equity;
Geography;
Geographic Scope;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Markets;
Demand and Consumers;
Supply and Industry;
Industry Structures;
Ownership;
Ownership Type;
Private Ownership;
Relationships;
Agency Theory;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Networks;
Strategy;
Competition;
Consolidation;
Expansion;
Integration;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Value;
Value Creation;
Health Industry;
Insurance Industry;
United States
Fetter, Trevor, and Kira Seiger. "Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care." Harvard Business School Case 321-049, November 2020. (Revised April 2021.)
- Fall 2020
- Article
Christo and Jeanne‐Claude: The Negotiation of Art and Vice Versa
Over the past two decades the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School (PON) has named thirteen people as Great Negotiators. The project, directed by my colleague Jim Sebenius, has given us the opportunity to commend our honorees’ outstanding work and to learn from...
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Wheeler, Michael A. "Christo and Jeanne‐Claude: The Negotiation of Art and Vice Versa." Negotiation Journal 36, no. 4 (Fall 2020): 471–487.
- September 2020 (Revised February 2023)
- Teaching Note
Uber: Competing Globally
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-404.
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Global Strategy;
Globalization;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Governance;
Governance Controls;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Law;
Management;
Growth and Development;
Growth Management;
Markets;
Demand and Consumers;
Consumer Behavior;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Design;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Participation;
Supply and Industry;
Industry Structures;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Relationships;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Labor and Management Relations;
Networks;
Adaptation;
Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Information Technology;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Digital Platforms;
Transportation Networks;
Transportation;
Transportation Industry;
Technology Industry;
Africa;
Ghana;
Asia;
China;
Shanghai;
Shanghai Shi;
India;
New Delhi;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
London;
England;
Latin America;
North and Central America;
United States;
New York (city, NY);
New York (state, US);
South America;
Colombia
- April 2020 (Revised January 2022)
- Case
Uber: Competing Globally
By: Alexander J. MacKay, Amram Migdal and John Masko
This case describes Uber’s global market entry strategy and responses by regulators and local competitors. It details Uber’s entry into New York City (New York), Bogotá (Colombia), Delhi (India), Shanghai (China), Accra (Ghana), and London (United Kingdom). In each...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Globalization;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Governance;
Governance Controls;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Law;
Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Markets;
Demand and Consumers;
Consumer Behavior;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Design;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Participation;
Supply and Industry;
Industry Structures;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Relationships;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Government Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Labor and Management Relations;
Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Information Technology;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Digital Platforms;
Transportation;
Transportation Networks;
Transportation Industry;
Technology Industry;
Africa;
Ghana;
Asia;
China;
Shanghai Shi;
Shanghai;
India;
New Delhi;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
England;
London;
Latin America;
North and Central America;
United States;
New York (city, NY);
New York (state, US);
South America;
Colombia
MacKay, Alexander J., Amram Migdal, and John Masko. "Uber: Competing Globally." Harvard Business School Case 720-404, April 2020. (Revised January 2022.)