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- December 2023
- Case
TikTok: The Algorithm Will See You Now
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
In a world where attention is a scarce commodity, this case explores the meteoric rise of TikTok—an app that transformed from a niche platform for teens into the most visited domain by 2021—surpassing even Google. Its algorithm was a sophisticated mechanism for...
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Keywords:
Social Media;
Applications and Software;
Disruptive Innovation;
Business and Government Relations;
International Relations;
Cybersecurity;
Culture;
Technology Industry;
China;
United States;
India
Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "TikTok: The Algorithm Will See You Now." Harvard Business School Case 824-125, December 2023.
- November 2023
- Article
Algorithmic Mechanism Design with Investment
By: Mohammad Akbarpour, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Michael Li, Shengwu Li and Paul Milgrom
We study the investment incentives created by truthful mechanisms that allocate resources using approximation algorithms. Some approximation algorithms guarantee nearly 100% of the optimal welfare, but have only a zero guarantee when one bidder can invest before...
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Akbarpour, Mohammad, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Michael Li, Shengwu Li, and Paul Milgrom. "Algorithmic Mechanism Design with Investment." Econometrica 91, no. 6 (November 2023): 1969–2003.
- November–December 2023
- Article
Network Centralization and Collective Adaptability to a Shifting Environment
By: Ethan S. Bernstein, Jesse C. Shore and Alice J. Jang
We study the connection between communication network structure and an organization’s collective adaptability to a shifting environment. Research has shown that network centralization—the degree to which communication flows disproportionately through one or more...
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Keywords:
Network Centralization;
Collective Intelligence;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Communication;
Decision Making;
Networks;
Adaptation
Bernstein, Ethan S., Jesse C. Shore, and Alice J. Jang. "Network Centralization and Collective Adaptability to a Shifting Environment." Organization Science 34, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 2064–2096.
- October 2023
- Article
Matching Mechanisms for Refugee Resettlement
By: David Delacrétaz, Scott Duke Kominers and Alexander Teytelboym
Current refugee resettlement processes account for neither the preferences of refugees nor the priorities of hosting communities. We introduce a new framework for matching with multidimensional knapsack constraints that captures the (possibly multidimensional) sizes of...
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Keywords:
Refugee Resettlement;
Matching;
Matching Markets;
Matching Platform;
Matching With Contracts;
Algorithms;
Refugees;
Market Design
Delacrétaz, David, Scott Duke Kominers, and Alexander Teytelboym. "Matching Mechanisms for Refugee Resettlement." American Economic Review 113, no. 10 (October 2023): 2689–2717.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Operational Consequences of Customer Interaction Design: Evidence From Last-Mile Delivery Services
By: Natalie Epstein, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
Problem definition: Communication and customer interaction design have been used as elements to improve customer satisfaction and future purchasing behavior, but little is known about how they can be used as levers to improve operational...
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Epstein, Natalie, Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "Operational Consequences of Customer Interaction Design: Evidence From Last-Mile Delivery Services." Working Paper, May 2023.
- April 6, 2023
- Article
A New NFT Launch Strategy: The Wave Mint
By: Scott Duke Kominers and 1337 Skulls Sers
In an NFT project, the mint—the process by which tokens are initially allocated—largely determines who your community is and how they and the broader market view the project going forward. In this piece, we review a new minting strategy recently introduced by 1337...
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Keywords:
NFTs;
Mechanism Design;
Sales Management;
Sales Model;
Crypto Economy;
Non-fungible Tokens;
Networks;
Product Launch;
Auctions;
Market Design
Kominers, Scott Duke, and 1337 Skulls Sers. "A New NFT Launch Strategy: The Wave Mint." a16zcrypto.com (April 6, 2023).
- 2023
- Working Paper
A Welfare Analysis of Gambling in Video Games
By: Tomomichi Amano and Andrey Simonov
In 2020, gamers worldwide spent more than $15 billion on loot boxes, a lottery of virtual items built into video games. Loot boxes are contentious, as regulators worry that they constitute gambling. In contrast, video game companies maintain that loot boxes are...
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Keywords:
Consumer Behavior;
Policy;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Product Design;
Video Game Industry
Amano, Tomomichi, and Andrey Simonov. "A Welfare Analysis of Gambling in Video Games." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-052, February 2023.
- February 2024
- Article
An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization
By: Mohammad Akbarpour, Eric Budish, Piotr Dworczak and Scott Duke Kominers
We propose an economic framework for determining the optimal allocation of a scarce supply of vaccines that become gradually available during a public health crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Agents differ in observable and unobservable characteristics, and the...
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Keywords:
Vaccine;
Fairness;
Public Finance;
Public Goods;
Allocation Problems;
Allocative Efficiency;
Allocation Rules;
Social Welfare;
Pandemics;
Inequality;
COVID-19;
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Public Sector;
Resource Allocation;
Market Design;
Marketplace Matching;
Public Administration Industry
Akbarpour, Mohammad, Eric Budish, Piotr Dworczak, and Scott Duke Kominers. "An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization." Quarterly Journal of Economics 139, no. 1 (February 2024): 359–417. (Authors' names are in certified random order.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
Institutional Emplacement and the Novel Resurgence of Independent Bookstores
By: Ryan Raffaelli and Ryann Noe
This study reveals how actors leverage physical place as an asset to facilitate organizational
adaptation and industry evolution. Through a longitudinal, qualitative analysis of the U.S.
independent bookselling industry from 1995 to 2019, we outline how dispersed...
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Keywords:
Industry Growth;
Small Business;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Business Processes;
Retail Industry;
Publishing Industry;
United States
Raffaelli, Ryan, and Ryann Noe. "Institutional Emplacement and the Novel Resurgence of Independent Bookstores." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-033, December 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Stories, Statistics and Memory
By: Thomas Graeber, Christopher Roth and Florian Zimmermann
For most decisions, we rely on information encountered over the course of days,
months or years. We consume this information in various forms, including abstract
summaries of multiple data points – statistics – and contextualized anecdotes about
individual instances...
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Graeber, Thomas, Christopher Roth, and Florian Zimmermann. "Stories, Statistics and Memory." Working Paper, December 2022.
- Winter 2022
- Article
Distributing a Billion Vaccines: COVAX Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities
By: Eric Budish, Hannah Kettler, Scott Duke Kominers, Erik Osland, Canice Prendergast and Andrew A. Torkelson
By January 2022, the COVAX international vaccine collaboration had allocated over a billion vaccines to over 140 countries. We describe and review the allocation process chosen, which reflected both an objective of equitably distributing vaccines across the world and...
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Keywords:
Vaccines;
Pandemics;
Health Care and Treatment;
Health Pandemics;
Distribution;
Supply Chain;
Equality and Inequality
Budish, Eric, Hannah Kettler, Scott Duke Kominers, Erik Osland, Canice Prendergast, and Andrew A. Torkelson. "Distributing a Billion Vaccines: COVAX Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 38, no. 4 (Winter 2022): 941–974.
- November 2022
- Technical Note
National Security and Transnational Capitalism
By: Meg Rithmire
Though the relationship between national security and transnational commerce had long been interrogated and contested, the 2020s saw the escalation of concerns about insecurity and interdependence. These concerns manifested in a suite of institutional innovations and...
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Rithmire, Meg. "National Security and Transnational Capitalism." Harvard Business School Technical Note 723-016, November 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Issuance and Design of Sustainability-linked Loans
By: Maria Loumioti and George Serafeim
Sustainability-linked loans (i.e., syndicated loans for which pricing is linked to a sustainability performance indicator) have rapidly evolved into a significant private debt product. We find that sustainability-linked lending has been available mostly to borrowers...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Sustainability Management;
Credit Products;
Loan Contracts;
Loans;
Corporate Finance;
Credit Risk;
Environment;
ESG;
ESG Ratings;
Climate Change;
Finance;
Borrowing and Debt;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Credit
Loumioti, Maria, and George Serafeim. "The Issuance and Design of Sustainability-linked Loans." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-027, November 2022.
- September 10, 2022
- Article
NFT Sales: Clearing the Market, Avoiding Gas Wars
By: Scott Duke Kominers and Tim Roughgarden
Instead of letting the market decide the price for their primary sale offerings, many NFT projects choose to initially sell their NFTs at prices below the market-clearing level. But what happens when market designers trade off efficiency for equity; or when demand far...
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Kominers, Scott Duke, and Tim Roughgarden. "NFT Sales: Clearing the Market, Avoiding Gas Wars." a16zcrypto.com (September 10, 2022).
- 2023
- Working Paper
Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company
By: Joshua Krieger, Ramana Nanda, Ian Hunt, Aimee Reynolds and Peter Tarsa
We study resource allocation to early-stage ideas at an internal startup program of
one the largest pharmaceutical firms in the world. Our research design enables us to
elicit every evaluator’s scores across five different attributes, before seeing how they
would...
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Keywords:
Project Selection;
Pharmaceuticals;
Financing Innovation;
Resource Allocation;
Innovation and Invention;
Research and Development
Krieger, Joshua, Ramana Nanda, Ian Hunt, Aimee Reynolds, and Peter Tarsa. "Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-014, August 2022. (Revised November 2023.)
- June 2022
- Case
Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU
By: George Serafeim and Benjamin Maletta
In the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union (the EU) had led the global fight against climate change with a wide array of policy measures. The EU’s primary approach to climate policy had been taxation via the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU...
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Carbon Emissions;
Trade;
Sustainability;
Decarbonization;
Performance;
Climate Change;
Analysis;
Strategy;
Taxation;
Policy;
Environmental Regulation;
Industry Structures;
European Union
Serafeim, George, and Benjamin Maletta. "Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU." Harvard Business School Case 122-106, June 2022.
- March 2022
- Article
Targeting High Ability Entrepreneurs Using Community Information: Mechanism Design in the Field
Identifying high-growth microentrepreneurs in low-income countries remains a challenge due to a scarcity of verifiable information. With a cash grant experiment in India we demonstrate that community knowledge can help target high-growth microentrepreneurs; while the...
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Keywords:
Microentrepreneurs;
Community Information;
Field Experiment;
Loans;
Entrepreneurship;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Financing and Loans;
Information;
Mathematical Methods;
India
Hussam, Reshmaan, Natalia Rigol, and Benjamin N. Roth. "Targeting High Ability Entrepreneurs Using Community Information: Mechanism Design in the Field." American Economic Review 112, no. 3 (March 2022): 861–898.
(Online Appendix with Corrigendum—Thanks to Isabella Masetto, Diego Ubfal, and The Institute for Replication for identifying a minor coding error in the production of Table 4.)
(Online Appendix with Corrigendum—Thanks to Isabella Masetto, Diego Ubfal, and The Institute for Replication for identifying a minor coding error in the production of Table 4.)
- December 2021
- Article
Auctioneers Sometimes Prefer Entry Fees to Extra Bidders
By: Jiafeng Chen and Scott Duke Kominers
We investigate a market thickness–market power tradeoff in an auction setting with endogenous entry. We find that charging admission fees can sometimes dominate the benefit of recruiting additional bidders, even though the fees themselves implicitly reduce competition...
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Chen, Jiafeng, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Auctioneers Sometimes Prefer Entry Fees to Extra Bidders." Art. 102737. International Journal of Industrial Organization 79 (December 2021).
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Demand for Executive Skills
By: Stephen Hansen, Raffaella Sadun, Tejas Ramdas and Joseph B. Fuller
We use a unique corpus of job descriptions for C-suite positions to document skills requirements in top managerial occupations across a large sample of firms. A novel algorithm maps the text of each executive search into six separate skill clusters reflecting...
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Keywords:
C-Suite;
Jobs and Positions;
Competency and Skills;
Management Skills;
Job Search;
Job Design and Levels
Hansen, Stephen, Raffaella Sadun, Tejas Ramdas, and Joseph B. Fuller. "The Demand for Executive Skills." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-133, June 2021.
- July 2021
- Article
Augmenting Markets with Mechanisms
By: Samuel Antill and Darrell Duffie
We explain how the common practice of size-discovery trade detracts from overall financial market efficiency. At each of a series of size-discovery sessions, traders report their desired trades, generating allocations of the asset and cash that rely on the most recent...
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Keywords:
Mechanism Design;
Price Impact;
Size Discovery;
Allocative Efficiency;
Workup;
Dark Pool;
Financial Markets;
Market Design;
Performance Efficiency
Antill, Samuel, and Darrell Duffie. "Augmenting Markets with Mechanisms." Review of Economic Studies 88, no. 4 (July 2021): 1665–1719.