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- 2024
- Working Paper
Human-Computer Interactions in Demand Forecasting and Labor Scheduling Decisions
We investigate whether corporate officers should grant managers discretion to override AI-driven demand forecasts and labor scheduling tools. Analyzing five years of administrative data from a large grocery retailer using such an AI tool, encompassing over 500 stores,...
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Kwon, Caleb, Ananth Raman, and Jorge Tamayo. "Human-Computer Interactions in Demand Forecasting and Labor Scheduling Decisions." Working Paper, April 2024.
- March 2024
- Case
From “BIG” Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (A)
By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
In the summer of 2023, Eduard (“Eddie”) Croitoru, Vice President (VP) of ICL Group (“ICL”) Corporate Initiatives, was reflecting on ICL’s internal ideation program, the Business Innovation for Growth (BIG) Accelerator. When Raviv Zoller become the CEO of ICL in 2018,...
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Keywords:
Change Management;
Agribusiness;
Accounting;
Communication;
Engineering;
Energy;
Renewable Energy;
Chemicals;
Machinery and Machining;
Metals and Minerals;
Mining;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Values and Beliefs;
Environmental Sustainability;
Natural Resources;
Globalization;
Information Technology;
Innovation and Invention;
Leadership;
Organizational Culture;
Personal Development and Career;
Manufacturing Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Israel;
China;
United States
- March 2024 (Revised March 2024)
- Case
From "BIG" Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (B)
By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
In August 2023, Raviv Zoller, CEO of ICL Group, discussed his upcoming business trip to St. Louis with Eduard Croitoru, VP of ICL Corporate Initiatives, to commemorate the construction of ICL's new $400 million advanced manufacturing facility. In preparation for the...
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Keywords:
Change Management;
Agribusiness;
Accounting;
Communication;
Engineering;
Energy;
Renewable Energy;
Chemicals;
Machinery and Machining;
Metals and Minerals;
Mining;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Values and Beliefs;
Environmental Sustainability;
Natural Resources;
Globalization;
Information Technology;
Innovation and Invention;
Leadership;
Organizational Culture;
Personal Development and Career;
Manufacturing Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Israel;
United States;
China
- March 2024
- Module Note
Accounting Standards for the 21st Century
By: Jonas Heese
Over the past two decades, accounting standards have evolved to meet the demands of a rapidly changing business environment. This module note focuses on understanding the impact of these standards on measuring firm performance and financial position in the context of a...
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Heese, Jonas. "Accounting Standards for the 21st Century." Harvard Business School Module Note 124-056, March 2024.
- February 2024
- Case
CLSA: Integrating ESG in Stock Valuation
By: Shirley Lu, Aaron Yoon and Billy Chan
In 2023, a senior financial analyst at the Hong Kong-based stock brokerage firm CLSA was surprised to see that, based on his calculations, the financial impact from climate risks on a major Indian cement manufacturing company’s projected earnings could be massive....
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- 2024
- Working Paper
Principles and Content for Downstream Emissions Disclosures
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
In a previous paper, we proposed the E-liability carbon accounting algorithm for companies to measure and subsequently reduce their own and their suppliers’ emissions. Some investors and stakeholders, however, want companies to also be accountable for downstream...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Disclosure;
Carbon Footprint;
Climate Change;
Measurement and Metrics;
Corporate Disclosure;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
Kaplan, Robert S., and Karthik Ramanna. "Principles and Content for Downstream Emissions Disclosures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-050, January 2024.
- January 2024 (Revised January 2024)
- Case
Generation Investment Management: Sustainable Investing in a Warming World
By: Vikram S. Gandhi, Michael Norris and David Allen
In September 2021, the sustainable investment firm Generation Investment Management (Generation) considered whether to add Schneider Electric to the focus list of companies in which it was prepared to invest. Dedicated to promoting a sustainable world through its...
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Keywords:
Sustainable Investing;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Finance;
Equity;
Governance;
Private Equity;
Public Equity;
Financial Markets;
Investment;
Investment Return;
Investment Activism;
Investment Funds;
Investment Portfolio;
Institutional Investing;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Financial Services Industry;
United Kingdom;
England;
London
- January 2024
- Case
ECOALF: Fashion for the Future
By: Elizabeth A. Keenan, Diego Aparicio, Carlota Moniz and María José Satrústegui
ECOALF, a Spanish fashion brand and sustainability pioneer, aimed to tackle the industry's challenges of excessive consumption and production. The brand's mission was to create timeless apparel exclusively from recycled and eco-responsible materials, matching the...
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Keywords:
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Decisions;
Business Earnings;
Profit;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Communication Intention and Meaning;
Values and Beliefs;
Mission and Purpose;
Competition;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Social Marketing;
Marketing Channels;
E-commerce;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Fashion Industry;
Spain;
Germany;
Italy;
Europe;
United States
Keenan, Elizabeth A., Diego Aparicio, Carlota Moniz, and María José Satrústegui. "ECOALF: Fashion for the Future." Harvard Business School Case 524-057, January 2024.
- December 15, 2023
- Article
What Every Leader Needs to Know About Carbon Credits
By: Varsha Ramesh Walsh and Michael W. Toffel
Many companies have begun to look into credits to offset their emissions as a way to support their net zero goals as their target years get closer and closer. As it stands, the carbon credit market is too small to bear the brunt of reducing companies’ impacts on the...
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Keywords:
Carbon Credits;
Climate;
Accounting;
Carbon Offsetting;
Carbon Abatement;
Carbon Emissions;
Carbon Footprint;
Climate Change;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Regulation
Ramesh Walsh, Varsha, and Michael W. Toffel. "What Every Leader Needs to Know About Carbon Credits." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (December 15, 2023).
- 2023
- Working Paper
Accountability of Corporate Emissions Reduction Targets
By: Xiaoyan Jiang, Shawn Kim and Shirley Lu
Firms are increasingly announcing targets to reduce their carbon emissions, but it is unclear whether firms are held accountable for these targets. In this paper, we examine emissions targets that ended in 2020 to investigate the prevalence of missed targets, how firms...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Corporate Disclosure;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Climate Change
Jiang, Xiaoyan, Shawn Kim, and Shirley Lu. "Accountability of Corporate Emissions Reduction Targets." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 4676649, December 2023.
- November 2023
- Background Note
Corporate Climate Targets
By: Willy C. Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
Companies that are addressing climate change by mitigating their greenhouse gas emissions often set reduction targets. This note describes several types of widely used carbon reduction targets, including carbon neutral, science based, net zero, real zero, and carbon...
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Keywords:
Corporate Sustainability;
Environmental Strategy;
Climate Risk;
Target-setting;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Accountability;
Policy;
Measurement and Metrics;
Strategic Planning;
Social Issues;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
Shih, Willy C., Michael W. Toffel, and Kelsey Carter. "Corporate Climate Targets." Harvard Business School Background Note 624-041, November 2023.
- November 2023
- Case
Kickstarter: Crowdfunding for the Arts
By: Rohit Deshpandé and Alexis Lefort
Kickstarter was a virtual crowdfunding platform and community that allowed creators of all kinds to raise funding for creative projects. The executive team was wrestling with a tension in its business model: the organization earned the majority of its revenue from...
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- October 2023
- Case
Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact
A case on CRANE, a tool to help investors and green technology companies estimate the future climate impact of new technologies and products, called emissions reduction potential (ERP). The case includes material on CRANE’s methodology for estimating future carbon...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Environmental Accounting;
Analysis;
Climate Change;
Green Technology;
Innovation and Invention;
Measurement and Metrics;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Social Enterprise
Rigol, Natalia, Benjamin N. Roth, Brian Trelstad, and Amram Migdal. "Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact." Harvard Business School Case 824-119, October 2023.
- October 2023
- Teaching Note
Timnit Gebru: 'SILENCED No More' on AI Bias and The Harms of Large Language Models
By: Tsedal Neeley and Tim Englehart
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 422-085. Dr. Timnit Gebru—a leading artificial intelligence (AI) computer scientist and co-lead of Google’s Ethical AI team—was messaging with one of her colleagues when she saw the words: “Did you resign?? Megan sent an email saying that...
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- September 2023
- Supplement
CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping
By: Willy C. Shih
Marine transport is the most cost-effective way to move large volumes over long distances, and container shipping is the backbone of international trade in goods. Yet shipping contributed 3% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, and the deep-sea segment, which...
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Keywords:
Container Shipping;
Trade Links;
Decarbonization;
Environmental Strategies;
Environmental Impact;
Globalization;
Trade;
Environmental Regulation;
Supply Chain;
Logistics;
Shipping Industry;
European Union;
Asia;
North America
Shih, Willy C. "CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping." Harvard Business School Supplement 624-708, September 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information
By: Gunther Glenk
Companies are increasingly viewed as crucial drivers for timely decarbonization. Current accounting practices for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however, often leave corporate carbon disclosures and abatement obscured. Here I introduce a taxonomy for assuring the...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Decarbonization;
Carbon Accounting;
Net-zero Emissions;
Greenhouse Gas Emissions;
Environment;
Environmental Impact;
Management;
Sustainable Cities;
Corporate Disclosure;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther. "Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-026, September 2023. (TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency Working Paper Series, No. 121, May 2023.)
- July 2023 (Revised August 2023)
- Case
Revenue Recognition at Stride Funding: Making Sense of Revenues for a Fintech Startup
By: Paul M. Healy and Jung Koo Kang
The case explores the challenges of revenue recognition and financial reporting for Stride Funding (Stride), a fintech startup that has disrupted the student loan market. Stride leveraged proprietary machine learning and financial models to underwrite alternative...
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Keywords:
Revenue Recognition;
Financial Reporting;
Entrepreneurial Finance;
Business Startups;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Governance Compliance;
Accrual Accounting;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
Healy, Paul M., and Jung Koo Kang. "Revenue Recognition at Stride Funding: Making Sense of Revenues for a Fintech Startup." Harvard Business School Case 124-015, July 2023. (Revised August 2023.)
- July 2023
- Teaching Note
Belden and Digital Transformation: From Product Sales to Solutions Sales
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 823-002. Belden manufactures devices such as switches, cables, adapters, and connectors. Faced with market changes, the firm initiated a new Enhanced Solutions Delivery (ESD) initiative. In November 2022 executives are evaluating the...
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring
By: Maria R. Ibanez, Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
To capitalize on the superior credibility and flexibility and lower cost of external assessments, many global buyers are shifting from using their own employee (“second-party”) auditors to relying more heavily (or entirely) on third-party auditors to monitor and...
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Keywords:
Auditing;
Audit Quality;
Working Conditions;
Sustainability;
Empirical Operations;
Empirical Service Operations;
Sustainability Management;
Corporate Accountability;
Agency Theory;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Supply Chain Management
Ibanez, Maria R., Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring." Working Paper, June 2023.
- June 2023 (Revised September 2023)
- Simulation
Managing the Customer Journey Marketing Simulation: Adobe's Data-Driven Operating Model (DDOM)
By: Sunil Gupta, Rajiv Lal and Celine Chammas
Adobe started monitoring Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR), one of its primary metrics, when it shifted from selling its software in a box to selling the software as a subscription-based cloud service. They wanted to know when, where, and how much to invest in marketing....
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