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- April 2024
- Article
America’s Crisis of Civic Virtue
By: Arthur C. Brooks
The world is witnessing a loss of faith in both capitalism and democracy, which seemed nearly unimaginable just a generation ago. Many blame “the other party.” Others blame capitalism’s flaws, as market systems increase inequality, which is inherently undemocratic —...
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Keywords:
Capitalism;
Political Culture;
Civil Society or Community;
Economic Systems;
Government and Politics;
Values and Beliefs
Brooks, Arthur C. "America’s Crisis of Civic Virtue." Journal of Democracy 35, no. 2 (April 2024): 23–39.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Product Liability Litigation and Innovation: Evidence from Medical Devices
By: Alberto Galasso and Hong Luo
We examine the relationship between product liability litigation and innovation by systematically
combining data on product liability lawsuits with data on new product introductions in a panel dataset of
leading medical device firms. We first document a decline in...
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Keywords:
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Product Development;
Technological Innovation;
Safety;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Galasso, Alberto, and Hong Luo. "Product Liability Litigation and Innovation: Evidence from Medical Devices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-063, March 2024.
- March 2024
- Case
Governing OpenAI
By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan and Will Hurwitz
In late November 2023, OpenAI’s new board of directors took stock of the situation. The company, which sought to develop artificial general intelligence (AGI)—computer systems with capabilities exceeding human abilities—was looking to regain its footing after a chaotic...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Board Of Directors;
Board Decisions;
Board Dynamics;
Business Ethics;
Corporate Boards;
Governance Changes;
Governance Structure;
Leadership Change;
Legal Aspects Of Business;
Nonprofit;
Nonprofit Governance;
Open Source;
Partnerships;
Regulation;
Strategy And Execution;
Technological Change;
AI and Machine Learning;
Corporate Governance;
Leadership;
Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Technological Innovation;
Technology Industry;
San Francisco;
United States
- February 26, 2024
- Article
Making Workplaces Safer Through Machine Learning
By: Matthew S. Johnson, David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
Machine learning algorithms can dramatically improve regulatory effectiveness. This short article describes the authors' scholarly work that shows how the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) could have reduced nearly twice as many occupational...
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Keywords:
Government Experimentation;
Auditing;
Inspection;
Evaluation;
Process Improvement;
Government Administration;
AI and Machine Learning;
Safety;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Johnson, Matthew S., David I. Levine, and Michael W. Toffel. "Making Workplaces Safer Through Machine Learning." Regulatory Review (February 26, 2024).
- 2024
- Article
Beyond the 510(k): The Regulation of Novel Moderate-Risk Medical Devices, Intellectual Property Considerations, and Innovation Incentives in the FDA’s De Novo Pathway
By: Mateo Aboy, Cristina Crespo and Ariel Stern
Moderate-risk medical devices constitute 99% of those that have been regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since it gained authority to regulate medical technology nearly five decades ago. This article presents an analysis of the interaction between...
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Keywords:
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Health Care and Treatment;
Technology Adoption;
Technological Innovation;
Safety;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
United States
Aboy, Mateo, Cristina Crespo, and Ariel Stern. "Beyond the 510(k): The Regulation of Novel Moderate-Risk Medical Devices, Intellectual Property Considerations, and Innovation Incentives in the FDA’s De Novo Pathway." Art. 29. npj Digital Medicine 7 (2024).
- 2024
- Working Paper
Corporate Culture Homogeneity and Top Executive Incentive Design: Evidence from CEO Compensation Contracts
By: Dennis Campbell, Ruidi Shang and Zhifang Zhang
We examine how corporate cultures characterized by high degrees of homogeneity in the underlying values and beliefs of organizational members are related to the design of CEO incentive compensation contracts. We argue that culture homogeneity within firms lowers...
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Keywords:
Corporate Culture;
Compensation Design;
Accounting;
Management Control;
Incentive Systems;
Organizational Culture;
Job Design and Levels;
Governance;
Executive Compensation;
Motivation and Incentives
Campbell, Dennis, Ruidi Shang, and Zhifang Zhang. "Corporate Culture Homogeneity and Top Executive Incentive Design: Evidence from CEO Compensation Contracts." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-054, February 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Do Information Frictions and Corruption Perceptions Kill Competition? A Field Experiment on Public Procurement in Uganda
By: Emanuele Colonnelli, Francesco Loiacono, Edwin Muhumuza and Edoardo Teso
We study whether information frictions and corruption perceptions deter firms from doing business with the government. We conduct two nationwide randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in collaboration with the national public procurement supervisory and anti-corruption...
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Keywords:
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Government and Politics;
Crime and Corruption;
Trust;
Perception;
Business and Government Relations
Colonnelli, Emanuele, Francesco Loiacono, Edwin Muhumuza, and Edoardo Teso. "Do Information Frictions and Corruption Perceptions Kill Competition? A Field Experiment on Public Procurement in Uganda." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32170, February 2024.
- 2023
- Working Paper
When Insurers Exit: Climate Losses, Fragile Insurers, and Mortgage Markets
By: Pari Sastry, Ishita Sen and Ana-Maria Tenekedjieva
This paper studies how homeowners insurance markets respond to growing climate losses and how this impacts mortgage market dynamics. Using Florida as a case study, we show that traditional insurers are exiting high risk areas, and new lower quality insurers are...
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Keywords:
Insurance;
Natural Disasters;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Insurance Industry;
Florida
Sastry, Pari, Ishita Sen, and Ana-Maria Tenekedjieva. "When Insurers Exit: Climate Losses, Fragile Insurers, and Mortgage Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-051, February 2024. (SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 4674279, December 2023.)
- January 2024
- Case
Post-Wirecard: BaFin under Mark Branson
By: Jonas Heese, Carlota Moniz and Daniela Beyersdorfer
In November 2023, Mark Branson, the head of Germany's Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin), reflected on the efficacy of the reforms initiated since the Wirecard scandal. BaFin had been discredited after Wirecard’s downfall in 2020. The press had derided it...
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Keywords:
Accounting;
Crime and Corruption;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Government Administration;
Failure;
Trust;
Financial Services Industry;
Public Administration Industry;
Germany
Heese, Jonas, Carlota Moniz, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Post-Wirecard: BaFin under Mark Branson." Harvard Business School Case 124-078, January 2024.
- January 2024
- Case
Huawei: Resilience Amid Autarky and Adversity
By: William C. Kirby and Daniel Fu
In September 2023, Huawei made a dramatic return to the global smartphone space with the launch of its Mate 60 Pro smartphone, equipped with an indigenously designed, 7nm chip. This came despite a myriad of export controls and restrictions imposed against the company...
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- 2024
- Working Paper
Private Regulation, Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change: A Business History Perspective
By: Ann-Kristin Bergquist and Geoffrey Jones
Private regulatory systems, including voluntary efforts by firms to restrain their own behavior are the primary form of global climate change governance. However, when environmental challenges first rose up on the scientific and political agendas during the 1970s, the...
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Keywords:
Certification;
Climate Change;
Environmental Regulation;
Business History;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Policy
Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, and Geoffrey Jones. "Private Regulation, Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change: A Business History Perspective." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-041, January 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Antitrust Platform Regulation and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China
By: Ke Rong, D. Daniel Sokol, Di Zhou and Feng Zhu
Many jurisdictions have launched antitrust enforcement and brought in regulation of large tech platforms. The swift and strict implementation of China’s Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Platform Economy (Platform Guidelines) provides a quasi-natural experiment...
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Keywords:
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Competition;
Venture Capital;
Market Entry and Exit;
Supply and Industry;
China
Rong, Ke, D. Daniel Sokol, Di Zhou, and Feng Zhu. "Antitrust Platform Regulation and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-039, January 2024.
- January 11, 2024
- Article
Understanding the Tradeoffs of the Amazon Antitrust Case
By: Chiara Farronato, Andrey Fradkin, Andrei Hagiu and Dionne Lomax
Regulators in the United States and Europe have been taking on Big Tech, challenging what they say are the companies’ anti-competitive and predatory strategies that harm consumers and third-party users of their platforms. This article examines the FTC’s case against...
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Keywords:
Monopoly;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Market Design;
Lawsuits and Litigation
Farronato, Chiara, Andrey Fradkin, Andrei Hagiu, and Dionne Lomax. "Understanding the Tradeoffs of the Amazon Antitrust Case." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (January 11, 2024).
- December 2023
- Case
The American Bully XL
By: Robin Greenwood, Richard S. Ruback, Johnathan Sun and Robert Ialenti
The American Bully XL, first introduced to the United Kingdom around 2014, had been held responsible for a disproportionate share of both dog-related attacks and deaths. The case discusses the announcement, in October 2023, that the dog breed would be added to a list...
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- December 2023
- Case
Monsters in the Machine? Tackling the Challenge of Responsible AI
By: Paul M. Healy and Debora L. Spar
In November of 2022, the small tech company OpenAI released ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot which quickly captured the public’s imagination—becoming the world’s fastest-growing consumer application within months of its release. Though observers from across...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
AI and Machine Learning;
Ethics;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Technology Adoption;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Technology Industry;
United States;
European Union;
China
Healy, Paul M., and Debora L. Spar. "Monsters in the Machine? Tackling the Challenge of Responsible AI." Harvard Business School Case 324-062, December 2023.
- November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
- Technical Note
Customer Data Privacy
By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei Huang
This note provides an overview of the evolving landscape of customer data privacy in 2023. It highlights two pivotal aspects that make privacy a central concern for businesses: building and maintaining customer trust and navigating the intricate regulatory...
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Keywords:
Customer Relationship Management;
Governance Compliance;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Reputation;
Trust;
Information Management;
Retail Industry;
Technology Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Europe;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei Huang. "Customer Data Privacy." Harvard Business School Technical Note 524-005, November 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
- November 2023
- Case
Tata Group in 2021: Pursuing Profits through Purpose
By: Tarun Khanna, Krishna G. Palepu and Vidhya Muthuram
October 8, 2021: Tata Sons won a bid to acquire India’s national carrier Air India, marking the airline's return to its original owners after 68 long years. The winning bid of $2.4 billion gave Tata Sons full ownership of the airline and its coveted network of 6,200...
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- 2023
- Working Paper
The Political Economy of a 'Miracle Cure': The Case of Nebulized Ibuprofen and Its Diffusion in Argentina
By: Sebastian Calónico, Rafael Di Tella and Juan Cruz Lopez Del Valle
We document the diffusion of nebulized ibuprofen in Argentina as a treatment for COVID-19. As the pandemic spread, this clinically unsupported drug reached thousands of patients, even some seriously ill, despite warnings by the regulator and medical societies. Detailed...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Health Care and Treatment;
Health Pandemics;
Adoption;
Behavior;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Learning
Calónico, Sebastian, Rafael Di Tella, and Juan Cruz Lopez Del Valle. "The Political Economy of a 'Miracle Cure': The Case of Nebulized Ibuprofen and Its Diffusion in Argentina." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31781, October 2023.
- October 2023
- Article
Laboratory Safety and Research Productivity
By: Alberto Galasso, Hong Luo and Brooklynn Zhu
Are laboratory safety practices a tax on scientific productivity? We examine this question by exploiting the substantial increase in safety regulations at the University of California following the shocking accidental death of a research assistant in 2008....
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Keywords:
Economics Of Science;
Risk Perception;
Safety Regulations;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Working Conditions;
Safety;
Performance Productivity
Galasso, Alberto, Hong Luo, and Brooklynn Zhu. "Laboratory Safety and Research Productivity." Art. 104827. Research Policy 52, no. 8 (October 2023).
- September 2023
- Case
The Rise and Fall of FTX
In November 2022, Sam Bankman-Fried's multi-billion-dollar crypto exchange, FTX, collapsed, wiping out investors and throwing the crypto industry into disarray. As FTX's founder and CEO, Bankman-Fried developed a reputation for his unerring business sense and...
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Keywords:
Cryptocurrency;
Crime and Corruption;
Financial Statements;
Misleading and Fraudulent Advertising;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Corporate Governance;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Failure;
Restructuring;
United States;
Hong Kong;
Bahamas
Dey, Aiyesha, Jonas Heese, Joseph Pacelli, and Max Hancock. "The Rise and Fall of FTX." Harvard Business School Case 124-014, September 2023.