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Publications

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    • Faculty Publications  (66)

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    • All HBS Web  (277)
      • Faculty Publications  (66)

      Welfare Economics Remove Welfare Economics →

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Social Protection and Social Distancing During the Pandemic: Mobile Money Transfers in Ghana

      By: Dean Karlan, Matt Lowe, Robert Osei, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Benjamin N. Roth and Christopher Udry
      We study the impact of mobile money transfers to a representative sample of low-income Ghanaians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The announcement of the upcoming transfers affects neither consumption, well-being, nor social distancing. Once disbursed,...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Distancing; Social Welfare; Economic Relief; Health Pandemics; Poverty
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      Karlan, Dean, Matt Lowe, Robert Osei, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Benjamin N. Roth, and Christopher Udry. "Social Protection and Social Distancing During the Pandemic: Mobile Money Transfers in Ghana." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-010, July 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Key Success Factors in Environmental Entrepreneurship: The Case of Wilderness Safaris

      By: James E. Austin, Megan Epler Woods and Herman B. Leonard
      This chapter analyzes the entrepreneurial conception and evolution of the Wilderness Safaris (WS) ecotourism enterprise operating in eight African countries. It illuminates a series of factors that contribute to positive environmental impact as well as financial...  View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship
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      Austin, James E., Megan Epler Woods, and Herman B. Leonard. "Key Success Factors in Environmental Entrepreneurship: The Case of Wilderness Safaris." Chap. 7 in World Scientific Encyclopedia of Business Sustainability, Ethics, and Entrepreneurship, Volume 1: Environmental and Social Entrepreneurship, edited by Peter Gianiodis, Maritza I. Espina, and William R. Meek, 175–196. World Scientific Publishing, 2022.
      • Article

      Making Seconds Count: When Valuing Time Promotes Subjective Well-being

      By: Alice Lee-Yoon and A.V. Whillans
      Time is a finite and precious resource, and the way that we value our time can critically shape happiness. In this article, we present a conceptual framework to explain when valuing time can enhance vs. undermine well-being. Specifically, we review the emotional...  View Details
      Keywords: Time; Happiness; Welfare; Money; Value; Well-being
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      Lee-Yoon, Alice, and A.V. Whillans. "Making Seconds Count: When Valuing Time Promotes Subjective Well-being." Current Opinion in Psychology 26 (April 2019): 54–57.
      • December 2018
      • Technical Note

      The First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics and Market Failures

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Robert Scherf
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C., and Robert Scherf. "The First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics and Market Failures." Harvard Business School Technical Note 719-027, December 2018.
      • 2018
      • Book

      The Academy of Fisticuffs: Political Economy and Commercial Society in Enlightenment Italy

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      The terms “capitalism” and “socialism” continue to haunt our political and economic imaginations, but we rarely consider their interconnected early history. Even the 18th century had its “socialists,” but unlike those of the 19th, they paradoxically sought to make the...  View Details
      Keywords: Enlightenment; Political Economy; Italy; Commercial Society; Economic Systems; Trade; History; Markets; Society; Italy
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      Reinert, Sophus A. The Academy of Fisticuffs: Political Economy and Commercial Society in Enlightenment Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Alleviating Time Poverty among the Working Poor: A Pre-Registered Longitudinal Field Experiment

      By: Ashley V. Whillans and Colin West
      Poverty entails more than a scarcity of material resources—it also involves a shortage of time. To examine the causal benefits of reducing time poverty, we will conduct a longitudinal field experiment in an urban slum in Kenya with a sample of working mothers, a...  View Details
      Keywords: Time; Money; Subjective Well-being; Administrative Costs; Friction; Poverty; Welfare; Perception
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      Whillans, Ashley V., and Colin West. "Alleviating Time Poverty among the Working Poor: A Pre-Registered Longitudinal Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, October 2018.
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      Behavioral Household Finance

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      This chapter provides an overview of household finance. The first part summarizes key facts regarding household financial behavior, emphasizing empirical regularities that are inconsistent with the standard classical economic model and discussing extensions of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Finance; Global Range; Household; Behavior; Strategy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Product Design; Welfare
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Behavioral Household Finance." In Handbook of Behavioral Economics: Foundations and Applications 1, edited by B. Douglas Bernheim, Stefano DellaVigna, and David Laibson, 177–276. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2018.
      • Article

      The Asymmetric Experience of Positive and Negative Economic Growth: Global Evidence Using Subjective Well-being Data

      By: Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, George Ward, Femke De Keulenaer, Bert Van Landeghem, Georgios Kavetsos and Michael I. Norton
      Are individuals more sensitive to losses than gains in terms of economic growth? We find that measures of subjective well-being are more than twice as sensitive to negative as compared to positive economic growth. We use Gallup World Poll data from over 150 countries,...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Business Cycles; Welfare; Perception; Global Range
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      De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel, George Ward, Femke De Keulenaer, Bert Van Landeghem, Georgios Kavetsos, and Michael I. Norton. "The Asymmetric Experience of Positive and Negative Economic Growth: Global Evidence Using Subjective Well-being Data." Review of Economics and Statistics 100, no. 2 (May 2018): 362–375.
      • February 2018 (Revised March 2018)
      • Case

      ArcelorMittal and the Ebola Outbreak in Liberia

      By: Sophus A. Reinert, Sarah Nam, Sisi Pan and Eric Werker
      During the summer of 2014, Alan Knight, general manager of corporate responsibility at the integrated steel and mining company ArcelorMittal, observed the unfolding of an Ebola epidemic in Liberia and other countries in West Africa with great concern. On the one hand...  View Details
      Keywords: Ebola; Epidemics; Ebola Private Sector Mobalization Group; EPSMG; Civil War; Sovereignty; Change Management; Judgments; Development Economics; Geopolitical Units; Globalized Firms and Management; Emerging Markets; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Safety; War; Wealth and Poverty; Welfare; Crisis Management; Mining Industry; Liberia
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      Reinert, Sophus A., Sarah Nam, Sisi Pan, and Eric Werker. "ArcelorMittal and the Ebola Outbreak in Liberia." Harvard Business School Case 718-029, February 2018. (Revised March 2018.)
      • Article

      "Troll" Check? A Proposal for Administrative Review of Patent Litigation

      By: Lauren Cohen, John Golden, Umit Gurun and Scott Duke Kominers
      The patent system is commonly justified as a way to promote social welfare and, more specifically, technological progress. For years, however, there has been concern that patent litigation is undermining, rather than furthering, these goals. Particularly in the United...  View Details
      Keywords: Patent Trolls; Patents; Lawsuits and Litigation
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      Cohen, Lauren, John Golden, Umit Gurun, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Troll" Check? A Proposal for Administrative Review of Patent Litigation. Boston University Law Review 97, no. 5 (October 2017): 1775–1841.
      • July 2017 (Revised November 2017)
      • Case

      Propel

      By: Mitchell Weiss and Sarah McAra
      In 2014, Jimmy Chen, a former product manager at Facebook, founded the start-up Propel to build software for low-income Americans. After conducting in-depth behavioral research, Chen and his small team in New York City began to develop technology to address the...  View Details
      Keywords: Public Entrepreneurship; Govtech; Food Stamps; EBT; Mobile App; User Research; Financial Services Referrals; Grocery Marketing; Customer Discovery; Social Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship; Public Sector; Business Model; Research; Social Enterprise; Poverty; Welfare; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Applications and Software; Technology Industry; United States
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      Weiss, Mitchell, and Sarah McAra. "Propel." Harvard Business School Case 818-008, July 2017. (Revised November 2017.)
      • May 2017 (Revised July 2017)
      • Supplement

      Aadhaar: From Voluntary to Mandatory

      By: Tarun Khanna, Anjali Raina and Rachna Chawla
      Approximately 1.1 billion residents of India (99% of the population) had a unique biometric identity—Aadhaar—by 2017. In six years, the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) had achieved an unprecedented milestone in emerging and developed markets. The...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Business and Government Relations; Emerging Markets; Information; Information Technology; Organizational Design; Infrastructure; Identity; Projects; Information Management; Government and Politics; Digital Platforms; Internet and the Web; Transformation; Society; Welfare; Social Issues; Private Sector; Public Sector; Information Technology Industry; Asia; India; New Delhi
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      Khanna, Tarun, Anjali Raina, and Rachna Chawla. "Aadhaar: From Voluntary to Mandatory." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-512, May 2017. (Revised July 2017.)
      • March 2017
      • Article

      Challenges for Empirical Research on RPM

      By: Alexander MacKay and David A. Smith
      This article discusses the empirical challenges that researchers face when demonstrating the existence and effects of resale price maintenance (RPM). We outline three approaches for finding price effects of RPM and the corresponding hurdles in data and methodology. We...  View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust Issues And Policies; Antitrust Law; Resale Price Maintenance; Welfare Economics; Price; Competition; Research
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      MacKay, Alexander, and David A. Smith. "Challenges for Empirical Research on RPM." Review of Industrial Organization 50, no. 2 (March 2017): 209–220.
      • July 2016
      • Article

      Taxation, Corruption, and Growth

      By: Philippe Aghion, Ufuk Akcigit, Julia Cagé and William R. Kerr
      We build an endogenous growth model to analyze the relationships between taxation, corruption, and economic growth. Entrepreneurs lie at the center of the model and face disincentive effects from taxation but acquire positive benefits from public infrastructure....  View Details
      Keywords: Endogenous Growth; Public Goods; Corruption; Crime and Corruption; Entrepreneurship; Taxation; Economic Growth
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      Aghion, Philippe, Ufuk Akcigit, Julia Cagé, and William R. Kerr. "Taxation, Corruption, and Growth." Special Issue on The Economics of Entrepreneurship. European Economic Review 86 (July 2016): 24–51.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      The Empirical Economics of Online Attention

      By: Andre Boik, Shane Greenstein and Jeffrey Prince
      In several markets, firms compete not for consumer expenditure but instead for consumer attention. We model and characterize how households allocate their scarce attention in arguably the largest market for attention: the Internet. Our characterization of household...  View Details
      Keywords: Internet and the Web; Competition; Behavior; Resource Allocation; Household; Cognition and Thinking
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      Boik, Andre, Shane Greenstein, and Jeffrey Prince. "The Empirical Economics of Online Attention." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22427, July 2016.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Fiscal Rules and Sovereign Default

      By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
      Recurrent concerns over debt sustainability in emerging and developed nations have prompted renewed debate on the role of fiscal rules. Their optimality, however, remains unclear. We provide a quantitative analysis of fiscal rules in a standard model of sovereign debt...  View Details
      Keywords: Sovereign Debt; Hyperbolic Discounting; Fiscal Rules; Sovereign Finance
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Fiscal Rules and Sovereign Default." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-134, June 2016. (Also NBER Working Paper w23370. Revised January 2019.)
      • Article

      Optimal Taxation When Children's Abilities Depend on Parents' Resources

      By: Alexander Gelber and Matthew Weinzierl
      Empirical research suggests that parents' economic resources affect their children's future earnings abilities. Optimal tax policy therefore treats future ability distributions as endogenous to current taxes. We model this endogeneity, calibrate the model to match...  View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Family and Family Relationships; Welfare
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      Gelber, Alexander, and Matthew Weinzierl. "Optimal Taxation When Children's Abilities Depend on Parents' Resources." National Tax Journal 69, no. 1 (March 2016): 11–40. (Winner, Richard A. Musgrave prize for best paper published in the NTJ. Also HBS Working Paper 13-014 and NBER Working Paper 18332.)
      • February 2016
      • Article

      Positive and Normative Judgments Implicit in U.S. Tax Policy, and the Costs of Unequal Growth and Recessions

      By: Benjamin B. Lockwood and Matthew Weinzierl
      Calculating the welfare implications of changes to economic policy or shocks to the economy requires economists to decide on a normative criterion. One way to make that decision is to elicit the relevant moral criteria from real-world policy choices, converting a...  View Details
      Keywords: Judgments; Taxation
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      Lockwood, Benjamin B., and Matthew Weinzierl. "Positive and Normative Judgments Implicit in U.S. Tax Policy, and the Costs of Unequal Growth and Recessions." Journal of Monetary Economics 77 (February 2016): 30–47. (Also Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-119, June 2014.)
      • June 2015
      • Case

      1996 Welfare Reform in the United States

      By: Matthew Weinzierl, Katrina Flanagan and Alastair Su
      On August 22, 1996, U.S. President Bill Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)—a dramatic reform of the American system of economic assistance for the poor that, as its title suggested, attempted to...  View Details
      Keywords: Welfare State; Public Goods; Moral Hazard; Median Voter Theorem; Poverty; Welfare; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew, Katrina Flanagan, and Alastair Su. "1996 Welfare Reform in the United States." Harvard Business School Case 715-030, June 2015.
      • April 2015 (Revised December 2020)
      • Case

      The German Export Engine

      By: Gunnar Trumbull and Jonathan Schlefer
      In fall of 2018, Germany’s chancellor Angela Merkel had logged significant successes. Germany was the largest exporter in the world, had maintained low unemployment through the 2008 financial crisis, and was gradually reforming its welfare state to meet future pension...  View Details
      Keywords: Economy; Economic Growth; Success; Leadership; Problems and Challenges; Germany
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      Trumbull, Gunnar, and Jonathan Schlefer. "The German Export Engine." Harvard Business School Case 715-045, April 2015. (Revised December 2020.)
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