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Publications

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      A Linear Panel Model with Heterogeneous Coefficients and Variation in Exposure

      By: Jesse M. Shapiro and Liyang Sun
      Linear panel models featuring unit and time fixed effects appear in many areas of empirical economics. An active literature studies the interpretation of the ordinary least squares estimator of the model, commonly called the two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimator, in...  View Details
      Keywords: Econometric Models; Mathematical Methods
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      Shapiro, Jesse M., and Liyang Sun. "A Linear Panel Model with Heterogeneous Coefficients and Variation in Exposure." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29976, April 2022.
      • February 2022 (Revised April 2022)
      • Case

      Pushing Past the Boundaries of ESG Investing: AQR Capital Management

      By: Lauren H. Cohen, Richard B. Evans, Umit G. Gurun and Quoc H. Nguyen
      Cliff Asness was facing a dilemma into how he would plunge his hedge fund into the hottest investment area worldwide—ESG Investing. Founder and managing principal of AQR—one the most storied quantitative hedge funds in the world—Asness knew anything less than a big...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Hedge Fund; Investment; Equity; Green Technology
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      Cohen, Lauren H., Richard B. Evans, Umit G. Gurun, and Quoc H. Nguyen. "Pushing Past the Boundaries of ESG Investing: AQR Capital Management." Harvard Business School Case 222-058, February 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Rational Habit Formation: Experimental Evidence from Handwashing in India

      By: Reshmaan Hussam, Atonu Rabbani, Giovanni Reggiani and Natalia Rigol
      We test the predictions of the rational addiction model, reconceptualized as rational habit formation, in the context of handwashing in rural India. To track handwashing, we design soap dispensers with timed sensors. We test for rational habit formation by informing...  View Details
      Keywords: Handwashing; Habit; Monitoring; Behavior; Health; Motivation and Incentives
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, Atonu Rabbani, Giovanni Reggiani, and Natalia Rigol. "Rational Habit Formation: Experimental Evidence from Handwashing in India." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 14, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–41. (Lead Article.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Most Individuals Prefer to Compromise among Competing Normative Principles of Taxation

      By: Itai Sher and Matthew C. Weinzierl
      We use a novel survey to gather direct and indirect evidence on how individuals reconcile their simultaneous support for opposing normative principles when forming their policy preferences. Our evidence suggests that, when choosing policy, a minority (approximately...  View Details
      Keywords: Normative Principles; Taxation; Policy; Attitudes; Measurement and Metrics
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      Sher, Itai, and Matthew C. Weinzierl. "Most Individuals Prefer to Compromise among Competing Normative Principles of Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-013, September 2021.
      • June 2021
      • Technical Note

      The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC): Derivation, Intuition, and Applications

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC): Derivation, Intuition, and Applications." Harvard Business School Technical Note 221-106, June 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      False Signaling and Personal Moral Failings: Two Distinct Pathways to Hypocrisy with Unequal Moral Weight

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Roseanna Sommers
      Moral engagement is a key feature of human nature: we hold moral values, condemn those who violate those values, and attempt to adhere to them ourselves. Yet moral engagement can make us appear hypocritical if we fail to behave morally. When does moral engagement risk...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Engagement; Hypocrite; Dishonesty; Moral Values; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Values and Beliefs
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Roseanna Sommers. "False Signaling and Personal Moral Failings: Two Distinct Pathways to Hypocrisy with Unequal Moral Weight." Working Paper, January 2021.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Stock Market Returns and Consumption

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Amir Kermani and Kaveh Majlesi
      This paper employs Swedish data containing security level information on households' stock holdings to investigate how consumption responds to changes in stock market returns. We exploit households’ portfolio weights in previous years as an instrument for actual...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Gain; Dividend Income; Consumption; Near-rational Behavior; Investment Return; Household; Spending; Behavior
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Amir Kermani, and Kaveh Majlesi. "Stock Market Returns and Consumption." Journal of Finance 75, no. 6 (December 2020): 3175–3219. (DFA Distinguished Paper Prize.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Stock Market Value of Human Capital Creation

      By: Matthias Regier and Ethan Rouen
      We develop a measure of firm-year-specific human capital investment from publicly disclosed personnel expenses (PE) and examine the stock market valuation of this investment. Measuring the future value of PE (PEFV) based on the relation between lagged...  View Details
      Keywords: Intangibles; Market Valuation; Human Capital; Stocks; Financial Markets; Valuation
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      Regier, Matthias, and Ethan Rouen. "The Stock Market Value of Human Capital Creation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-047, October 2020. (Revised March 2022.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Private Equity and COVID-19

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
      We survey more than 200 private equity (PE) managers from firms with $1.9 trillion of assets under management (AUM) about their portfolio performance, decisionmaking and activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that PE managers have significant incentives to...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Pandemics; Private Equity; Management; Investment Portfolio; Performance; Decision Making; Value Creation
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      Gompers, Paul A., Steven N. Kaplan, and Vladimir Mukharlyamov. "Private Equity and COVID-19." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27889, October 2020.
      • June 2020 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Vanguard Retail Operations (A)

      By: Willy C. Shih and Antonio Moreno
      The first two cases in this series are set in the financial services industry, and explore whether it is better for back-office workers to be generalists who provide the flexibility of being able to handle the complete range of transactions that the company faces or...  View Details
      Keywords: Pooling; Generalist Model; Specialist Model; Operations; Service Operations; Management; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy C., and Antonio Moreno. "Vanguard Retail Operations (A)." Harvard Business School Case 620-104, June 2020. (Revised May 2022.) (Updated exhibits 1, 2, 3, 11 files supplied.)
      • June 2020 (Revised August 2020)
      • Supplement

      Vanguard Retail Operations (B)

      By: Willy C. Shih and Antonio Moreno
      The first two cases in this series are set in the financial services industry, and explore whether it is better for back-office workers to be generalists who provide the flexibility of being able to handle the complete range of transactions that the company faces or...  View Details
      Keywords: Pooling; Generalist Model; Specialist Model; Service Operations; Management; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy C., and Antonio Moreno. "Vanguard Retail Operations (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 620-105, June 2020. (Revised August 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Inflation with COVID Consumption Baskets

      By: Alberto Cavallo
      The Covid Pandemic led to changes in expenditure patterns that can introduce significant bias in the measurement of Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation. Using publicly-available data on card transactions, I update the official CPI weights and re-calculate inflation...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID; Consumer Expenditures; CPI; Inflation; Health Pandemics; Consumer Behavior; Spending; Inflation and Deflation; Global Range
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      Cavallo, Alberto. "Inflation with COVID Consumption Baskets." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27352, June 2020. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-124, May 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics, in Real Time

      By: Laura Alfaro, Anusha Chari, Andrew Greenland and Peter K. Schott
      We show that unexpected changes in the trajectory of COVID-19 infections predict U.S. stock returns, in real time. Parameter estimates indicate that an unanticipated doubling (halving) of projected infections forecasts next-day decreases (increases) in aggregate U.S....  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Stock Returns; Health Pandemics; Stocks; Investment Return; Forecasting and Prediction
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      Alfaro, Laura, Anusha Chari, Andrew Greenland, and Peter K. Schott. "Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics, in Real Time." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26950, April 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
      • March 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      FinTech Hive at DIFC: Creating a Fintech Ecosystem in Dubai

      By: Marco Di Maggio and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in 2019 as Raja Al Mazrouei, executive vice president of FinTech Hive (the Hive) at the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), the first and largest financial technology accelerator in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia region, contemplates her...  View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Emerging Markets; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Management; Information Technology; Growth Management; Financial Markets; Financial Institutions; United Arab Emirates; Middle East; Dubai
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      Di Maggio, Marco, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "FinTech Hive at DIFC: Creating a Fintech Ecosystem in Dubai." Harvard Business School Case 220-066, March 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • 2019
      • Article

      Configurations of Extremal Type II Codes via Harmonic Weight Enumerators

      By: Noam D. Elkies and Scott Duke Kominers
      We prove configuration results for extremal Type II codes, analogous to the configuration results of Ozeki and of the second author for extremal Type II lattices. Specifically, we show that for n ∈{8,24,32,48,56,72,96} every extremal Type II code of length n is...  View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods
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      Elkies, Noam D., and Scott Duke Kominers. "Configurations of Extremal Type II Codes via Harmonic Weight Enumerators." Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux 31, no. 3 (2019): 679–688.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Identification Using Border Approaches and IVs

      By: Xing Li, Wesley R. Hartmann and Tomomichi Amano
      We document that recent quasi-experimental strategies for identifying advertising effects can be derived from a model in which ad decisions are made at a more aggregate level than conversion is measured. Next, we show that the identifying variation in one of these...  View Details
      Keywords: Advertising Effects; Advertising; Decision Making; Political Elections; Analysis
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      Li, Xing, Wesley R. Hartmann, and Tomomichi Amano. "Identification Using Border Approaches and IVs." Working Paper, June 2019.
      • August 2018
      • Article

      Extrapolation and Bubbles

      By: Nicholas Barberis, Robin Greenwood, Lawrence Jin and Andrei Shleifer
      We present an extrapolative model of bubbles. In the model, many investors form their demand for a risky asset by weighing two signals: an average of the asset’s past price changes and the asset’s degree of overvaluation. The two signals are in conflict, and investors...  View Details
      Keywords: Bubble; Extrapolation; Volume; Price Bubble; Mathematical Methods
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      Barberis, Nicholas, Robin Greenwood, Lawrence Jin, and Andrei Shleifer. "Extrapolation and Bubbles." Journal of Financial Economics 129, no. 2 (August 2018): 203–227.
      • January 2018
      • Article

      The Effect of Cost Sharing on an Employee Weight Loss Program: A Randomized Trial

      By: Leslie K. John, Andrea Troxel, William Yancy, Joelle Y. Friedman, Jingsan Zhu, Lin Yang, Robert Galvin, Karen Miller-Kovach, Scott Halpern, George Loewenstein and Kevin Volpp
      Purpose: We tested the effects of employer subsidies on employee enrollment, attendance, and weight loss in a nationally-available weight management program.
      Design: A randomized trial tested the impact of employer subsidy: 100%; 80% 50% and a hybrid 50% subsidy...  View Details
      Keywords: Affordable Care Act (ACA); Subsidies; Weight Loss; Obesity; Incentives; Behavioral Economics; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Health Disorders; Health Care and Treatment; Compensation and Benefits; United States
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      John, Leslie K., Andrea Troxel, William Yancy, Joelle Y. Friedman, Jingsan Zhu, Lin Yang, Robert Galvin, Karen Miller-Kovach, Scott Halpern, George Loewenstein, and Kevin Volpp. "The Effect of Cost Sharing on an Employee Weight Loss Program: A Randomized Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 1 (January 2018): 170–176.
      • Fourth Quarter 2017
      • Article

      Optimal Tilts: Combining Persistent Characteristic Portfolios

      By: Malcolm Baker, Ryan Taliaferro and Terry Burnham
      We examine the optimal weighting of four tilts in U.S. equity markets from 1968 through 2014. We define a “tilt” as a characteristic-based portfolio strategy that requires relatively low annual turnover. This is a continuum, with small size (a very persistent...  View Details
      Keywords: Risk Anomaly; Beta; Capital Asset Pricing Model; Factor Investing
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      Baker, Malcolm, Ryan Taliaferro, and Terry Burnham. "Optimal Tilts: Combining Persistent Characteristic Portfolios." Financial Analysts Journal 73, no. 4 (Fourth Quarter 2017): 75–89.
      • 14 Aug 2017
      • Conference Presentation

      A Convex Framework for Fair Regression

      By: Richard Berk, Hoda Heidari, Shahin Jabbari, Matthew Joseph, Michael J. Kearns, Jamie Morgenstern, Seth Neel and Aaron Roth
      We introduce a flexible family of fairness regularizers for (linear and logistic) regression problems. These regularizers all enjoy convexity, permitting fast optimization, and they span the range from notions of group fairness to strong individual fairness. By varying...  View Details
      Keywords: Regression Models; Machine Learning; Fairness; Framework; Mathematical Methods
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      Berk, Richard, Hoda Heidari, Shahin Jabbari, Matthew Joseph, Michael J. Kearns, Jamie Morgenstern, Seth Neel, and Aaron Roth. "A Convex Framework for Fair Regression." Paper presented at the 4th Workshop on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in Machine Learning, Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD), August 14, 2017.
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