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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

A Linear Panel Model with Heterogeneous Coefficients and Variation in Exposure
By: Jesse M. Shapiro and Liyang Sun
Linear panel models featuring unit and time fixed effects appear in many areas of empirical economics. An active literature studies the interpretation of the ordinary least squares estimator of the model, commonly called the two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimator, in...  View Details
Keywords: Econometric Models; Mathematical Methods
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  • February 2022 (Revised April 2022)
  • Case

Pushing Past the Boundaries of ESG Investing: AQR Capital Management
By: Lauren H. Cohen, Richard B. Evans, Umit G. Gurun and Quoc H. Nguyen
Cliff Asness was facing a dilemma into how he would plunge his hedge fund into the hottest investment area worldwide—ESG Investing. Founder and managing principal of AQR—one the most storied quantitative hedge funds in the world—Asness knew anything less than a big...  View Details
Keywords: ESG; Hedge Fund; Investment; Equity; Green Technology
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  • January 2022
  • Article

Rational Habit Formation: Experimental Evidence from Handwashing in India
By: Reshmaan Hussam, Atonu Rabbani, Giovanni Reggiani and Natalia Rigol
We test the predictions of the rational addiction model, reconceptualized as rational habit formation, in the context of handwashing in rural India. To track handwashing, we design soap dispensers with timed sensors. We test for rational habit formation by informing...  View Details
Keywords: Handwashing; Habit; Monitoring; Behavior; Health; Motivation and Incentives
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Most Individuals Prefer to Compromise among Competing Normative Principles of Taxation
By: Itai Sher and Matthew C. Weinzierl
We use a novel survey to gather direct and indirect evidence on how individuals reconcile their simultaneous support for opposing normative principles when forming their policy preferences. Our evidence suggests that, when choosing policy, a minority (approximately...  View Details
Keywords: Normative Principles; Taxation; Policy; Attitudes; Measurement and Metrics
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  • June 2021
  • Technical Note

The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC): Derivation, Intuition, and Applications
By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

False Signaling and Personal Moral Failings: Two Distinct Pathways to Hypocrisy with Unequal Moral Weight
By: Jillian J. Jordan and Roseanna Sommers
Moral engagement is a key feature of human nature: we hold moral values, condemn those who violate those values, and attempt to adhere to them ourselves. Yet moral engagement can make us appear hypocritical if we fail to behave morally. When does moral engagement risk...  View Details
Keywords: Moral Engagement; Hypocrite; Dishonesty; Moral Values; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Values and Beliefs
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  • December 2020
  • Article

Stock Market Returns and Consumption
By: Marco Di Maggio, Amir Kermani and Kaveh Majlesi
This paper employs Swedish data containing security level information on households' stock holdings to investigate how consumption responds to changes in stock market returns. We exploit households’ portfolio weights in previous years as an instrument for actual...  View Details
Keywords: Capital Gain; Dividend Income; Consumption; Near-rational Behavior; Investment Return; Household; Spending; Behavior
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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

The Stock Market Value of Human Capital Creation
By: Matthias Regier and Ethan Rouen
We develop a measure of firm-year-specific human capital investment from publicly disclosed personnel expenses (PE) and examine the stock market valuation of this investment. Measuring the future value of PE (PEFV) based on the relation between lagged...  View Details
Keywords: Intangibles; Market Valuation; Human Capital; Stocks; Financial Markets; Valuation
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Private Equity and COVID-19
By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
We survey more than 200 private equity (PE) managers from firms with $1.9 trillion of assets under management (AUM) about their portfolio performance, decisionmaking and activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that PE managers have significant incentives to...  View Details
Keywords: Health Pandemics; Private Equity; Management; Investment Portfolio; Performance; Decision Making; Value Creation
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  • June 2020 (Revised May 2022)
  • Case

Vanguard Retail Operations (A)
By: Willy C. Shih and Antonio Moreno
The first two cases in this series are set in the financial services industry, and explore whether it is better for back-office workers to be generalists who provide the flexibility of being able to handle the complete range of transactions that the company faces or...  View Details
Keywords: Pooling; Generalist Model; Specialist Model; Operations; Service Operations; Management; Financial Services Industry; United States
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  • June 2020 (Revised August 2020)
  • Supplement

Vanguard Retail Operations (B)
By: Willy C. Shih and Antonio Moreno
The first two cases in this series are set in the financial services industry, and explore whether it is better for back-office workers to be generalists who provide the flexibility of being able to handle the complete range of transactions that the company faces or...  View Details
Keywords: Pooling; Generalist Model; Specialist Model; Service Operations; Management; Financial Services Industry; United States
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Inflation with COVID Consumption Baskets
By: Alberto Cavallo
The Covid Pandemic led to changes in expenditure patterns that can introduce significant bias in the measurement of Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation. Using publicly-available data on card transactions, I update the official CPI weights and re-calculate inflation...  View Details
Keywords: COVID; Consumer Expenditures; CPI; Inflation; Health Pandemics; Consumer Behavior; Spending; Inflation and Deflation; Global Range
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics, in Real Time
By: Laura Alfaro, Anusha Chari, Andrew Greenland and Peter K. Schott
We show that unexpected changes in the trajectory of COVID-19 infections predict U.S. stock returns, in real time. Parameter estimates indicate that an unanticipated doubling (halving) of projected infections forecasts next-day decreases (increases) in aggregate U.S....  View Details
Keywords: COVID-19; Stock Returns; Health Pandemics; Stocks; Investment Return; Forecasting and Prediction
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  • March 2020 (Revised November 2020)
  • Case

FinTech Hive at DIFC: Creating a Fintech Ecosystem in Dubai
By: Marco Di Maggio and Gamze Yucaoglu
The case opens in 2019 as Raja Al Mazrouei, executive vice president of FinTech Hive (the Hive) at the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), the first and largest financial technology accelerator in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia region, contemplates her...  View Details
Keywords: Fintech; Emerging Markets; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Management; Information Technology; Growth Management; Financial Markets; Financial Institutions; United Arab Emirates; Middle East; Dubai
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  • 2019
  • Article

Configurations of Extremal Type II Codes via Harmonic Weight Enumerators
By: Noam D. Elkies and Scott Duke Kominers
We prove configuration results for extremal Type II codes, analogous to the configuration results of Ozeki and of the second author for extremal Type II lattices. Specifically, we show that for n ∈{8,24,32,48,56,72,96} every extremal Type II code of length n is...  View Details
Keywords: Mathematical Methods
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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Identification Using Border Approaches and IVs
By: Xing Li, Wesley R. Hartmann and Tomomichi Amano
We document that recent quasi-experimental strategies for identifying advertising effects can be derived from a model in which ad decisions are made at a more aggregate level than conversion is measured. Next, we show that the identifying variation in one of these...  View Details
Keywords: Advertising Effects; Advertising; Decision Making; Political Elections; Analysis
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  • August 2018
  • Article

Extrapolation and Bubbles
By: Nicholas Barberis, Robin Greenwood, Lawrence Jin and Andrei Shleifer
We present an extrapolative model of bubbles. In the model, many investors form their demand for a risky asset by weighing two signals: an average of the asset’s past price changes and the asset’s degree of overvaluation. The two signals are in conflict, and investors...  View Details
Keywords: Bubble; Extrapolation; Volume; Price Bubble; Mathematical Methods
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  • January 2018
  • Article

The Effect of Cost Sharing on an Employee Weight Loss Program: A Randomized Trial
By: Leslie K. John, Andrea Troxel, William Yancy, Joelle Y. Friedman, Jingsan Zhu, Lin Yang, Robert Galvin, Karen Miller-Kovach, Scott Halpern, George Loewenstein and Kevin Volpp
Purpose: We tested the effects of employer subsidies on employee enrollment, attendance, and weight loss in a nationally-available weight management program.
Design: A randomized trial tested the impact of employer subsidy: 100%; 80% 50% and a hybrid 50% subsidy...  View Details
Keywords: Affordable Care Act (ACA); Subsidies; Weight Loss; Obesity; Incentives; Behavioral Economics; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Health Disorders; Health Care and Treatment; Compensation and Benefits; United States
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  • Fourth Quarter 2017
  • Article

Optimal Tilts: Combining Persistent Characteristic Portfolios
By: Malcolm Baker, Ryan Taliaferro and Terry Burnham
We examine the optimal weighting of four tilts in U.S. equity markets from 1968 through 2014. We define a “tilt” as a characteristic-based portfolio strategy that requires relatively low annual turnover. This is a continuum, with small size (a very persistent...  View Details
Keywords: Risk Anomaly; Beta; Capital Asset Pricing Model; Factor Investing
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  • 14 Aug 2017
  • Conference Presentation

A Convex Framework for Fair Regression
By: Richard Berk, Hoda Heidari, Shahin Jabbari, Matthew Joseph, Michael J. Kearns, Jamie Morgenstern, Seth Neel and Aaron Roth
We introduce a flexible family of fairness regularizers for (linear and logistic) regression problems. These regularizers all enjoy convexity, permitting fast optimization, and they span the range from notions of group fairness to strong individual fairness. By varying...  View Details
Keywords: Regression Models; Machine Learning; Fairness; Framework; Mathematical Methods
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