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  • April 2023
  • Article

A Field Experiment on Subgoal Framing to Boost Volunteering: The Trade-off Between Goal Granularity and Flexibility
By: Aneesh Rai, Marissa A. Sharif, Edward H. Chang, Katherine L. Milkman and Angela L. Duckworth
Research suggests that breaking overarching goals into more granular subgoals is beneficial for goal progress. However, making goals more granular often involves reducing the flexibility provided to complete them, and recent work shows that flexibility can also be...  View Details
Keywords: Goals and Objectives; Outcome or Result; Performance Improvement
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  • November 2022 (Revised January 2023)
  • Case

Hugging Face: Serving AI on a Platform
By: Shane Greenstein, Daniel Yue, Kerry Herman and Sarah Gulick
It is fall 2022, and open-source AI model company Hugging Face is considering its three areas of priorities: platform development, supporting the open-source community, and pursuing cutting-edge scientific research. As it expands services for enterprise clients, which...  View Details
Keywords: Community; Open-source; AI and Machine Learning; Product Development; Networks; Service Delivery; Research; Governance; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Information Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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  • January 10, 2022
  • Article

The Link Between Income, Income Inequality, and Prosocial Behavior Around the World: A Multiverse Approach
By: Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
The questions of whether high-income individuals are more prosocial than low-income individuals and whether income inequality moderates this effect have received extensive attention. We shed new light on this topic by analyzing a large-scale dataset with a...  View Details
Keywords: Prosocial Behavior; Income Inequality; Behavior; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Income
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  • September 2, 2021
  • Article

The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It.
By: Hila Lifshitz-Assaf and Frank Nagle
Free and open source software (FOSS) is essential to much of the tech we use every day—from cars to phones to planes to the cloud. While traditionally, it was developed by an army of volunteer developers and given away for free, companies are increasingly taking a more...  View Details
Keywords: Free And Open-source Software; FOSS; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Policy; Cybersecurity
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  • August 2020
  • Case

Gerald Chertavian
By: Leslie Perlow and Matthew Preble
Gerald Chertavian (HBS 1992) finds himself at a personal crossroads. It is 1999--the height of the dot com-bubble--and Chertavian and his business partners have just sold their Internet-based business for $83 million. His share of the sale’s proceeds means that he has...  View Details
Keywords: Social Enterprise; Personal Development and Career; Decision Choices and Conditions
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  • August 2020
  • Case

Sangu Delle
By: Leslie Perlow and Matthew Preble
By 2020, Sangu Delle (MBA 2016) has already made significant progress towards his life-long goal of solving Africa’s myriad and diverse challenges. At 33 years old, he is the founder and chairman of the for-profit Golden Palm Investments Corporation, CEO of Africa...  View Details
Keywords: Impact; Impact Investing; Mental Health; Social Capitalism; Entrepreneurship; Investment; Health Care and Treatment; Personal Development and Career; Health Industry; Africa
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  • August 2020
  • Article

Volunteering and Subsequent Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: An Outcome-Wide Longitudinal Approach
By: Eric Kim, A.V. Whillans, Matt Lee, Ying Chen and Tyler VanderWeele
Background: Growing evidence documents strong associations between volunteering and favorable health and well-being outcomes. However, epidemiological studies have not evaluated whether changes in volunteering are associated with subsequent health and well-being...  View Details
Keywords: Volunteering; Prosocial Behavior; Well-being; Behavior; Health; Welfare
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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

Discrimination and State Capacity: Evidence from WWII U.S. Army Enlistment
By: Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
This paper investigates the empirical relationship between inclusion and state capacity during wartime. We document that racial discrimination against Black Americans had a large, negative effect on the quantity and quality of Black men who volunteered for the U.S....  View Details
Keywords: State Capacity; Institutions; War; Race; Prejudice and Bias; Government Administration; United States
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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Income Inequality Affects Donations Only for High-Income People Who Feel Financially Insecure and Distrust Others
By: Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
There is a growing debate about whether high-income individuals are more or less generous when income inequality is high. We advance this ongoing conversation by analysing a large and comprehensive data set with approximately one million respondents from 140 countries....  View Details
Keywords: Income Inequality; Prosocial Behavior; Financial Insecurity; Income; Equality and Inequality; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Behavior; Trust
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  • 2019
  • Chapter

Happiness and Prosocial Behavior: An Evaluation of the Evidence
By: Lara B. Aknin, Ashley V. Whillans, Michael I. Norton and Elizabeth W. Dunn
Humans are an extremely prosocial species. Compared to most primates, humans provide more assistance to family, friends, and strangers, even when costly. Why do people devote their resources to helping others? In this chapter, we examine whether engaging in prosocial...  View Details
Keywords: Volunteering; Charity; Prosocial Behavior; Happiness; Well-being; Behavior
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  • January 2019
  • Article

Wage Elasticities in Working and Volunteering: The Role of Reference Points in a Laboratory Study
By: Christine L. Exley and Stephen J. Terry
We experimentally test how effort responds to wages—randomly assigned to accrue to individuals or to a charity—in the presence of expectations-based reference points or targets. When individuals earn money for themselves, higher wages lead to higher effort with...  View Details
Keywords: Reference Points; Wage Elasticities; Labor Supply; Effor; Volunteering; Prosocial Behavior; Wages; Motivation and Incentives; Nonprofit Organizations; Behavior
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  • December 2018 (Revised February 2019)
  • Case

Associação Saúde Criança: Trying to Break the Cycle of Poverty and Illness at Scale
By: Julie Battilana, Marissa Kimsey, Priscilla Zogbi and Johanna Mair
Dr. Vera Cordeiro founded the NGO Associação Saúde Criança in 1991 to try to help poor families break the cycle of poverty and illness in Brazil. She and her team of employees and volunteers developed a holistic methodology to address the multidimensional sources of...  View Details
Keywords: Social Innovation; NGO; Scaling; Health; Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Non-Governmental Organizations; Health Care and Treatment; Poverty; Health Industry; South America; Brazil
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  • July 2018 (Revised November 2018)
  • Case

The Robin Hood Army
By: Susanna Gallani
In 2014, Neel Ghose and a handful of friends spent one evening distributing excess food they had collected from local restaurants to the less fortunate people living under the Hauz Khas flyover in South Delhi. Four years later, this initiative had developed into The...  View Details
Keywords: Volunteer-based Organization; Food Redistribution; Nonprofit Organizations; Food; Human Needs; Expansion; Global Range; Growth and Development
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  • May 2018
  • Article

Incentives for Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Reputations
By: Christine L. Exley
Do monetary incentives encourage volunteering? Or, do they introduce concerns about appearing greedy and crowd out the motivation to volunteer? Since the importance of such image concerns is normally unobserved, the answer is theoretically unclear, and corresponding...  View Details
Keywords: Incentives; Image Motivation; Volunteer; Prosocial Behavior; Altruism; Gender; Reputations; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Perception; Reputation
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  • May 2018
  • Article

Linda Babcock: Go-getter and Do-gooder
By: Max Bazerman, Iris Bohnet, Hannah Riley-Bowles and George Loewenstein
In this tribute to the 2007 recipient of the Jeffrey Z. Rubin Theory‐To‐Practice Award from the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM), we celebrate Linda Babcock's contributions to diverse lines of research, her tireless and effective efforts to put...  View Details
Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Biography; Research; Negotiation; Leadership; Practice
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  • Other Article

Why I Volunteer at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
By: Scott Duke Kominers
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  • 2016
  • Chapter

Nudging as a Tool for Leaders
By: Max Bazerman
BOOK ABSTRACT: Jewish organizational life is inundated with publications on organizational change and effective leadership, but from mutually exclusive sources: business and organizational studies, on the one hand, and Jewish studies, on the other. One addresses...  View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategy; Leadership; Civil Society or Community; Religion; Business and Community Relations
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  • September 2016 (Revised October 2018)
  • Case

LabCDMX: Experiment 50
By: Mitchell Weiss and Maria Fernanda Miguel
There were probably 30,000 public buses, minibuses, and vans in Mexico City. Though, in 2015, no one knew for certain since no comprehensive schedule existed. This was why el Laboratorio para la Ciudad (or LabCDMX) had spawned an effort to generate a map of the...  View Details
Keywords: Public Entrepreneurship; Experimentation; Lean Startup; Government; Innovation; Crowdsourcing; Open Data; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Government Administration; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Mexico City; Mexico
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  • September 2016
  • Case

Health Leads: Reaching for Impact (A)
By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Sarah Appleby
Explores strategies to achieve system-level impact for a nonprofit focused on addressing patients' basic social needs through healthcare institutions. Founded in 1996 with a volunteer-staffed help desk at Boston Medical Center connecting low-income patients with basic...  View Details
Keywords: Scaling Social Impact; Nonprofit; Healthcare; Health Care Outcomes; Health Care Reform; Health Care Delivery; Scaling Social Enterprise; Social Enterprise; Health; Nonprofit Organizations; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; United States
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  • September 2016
  • Case

Health Leads: Reaching for Impact (Abridged)
By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Sarah Appleby
A nonprofit in the healthcare arena explores strategies to achieve system-level impact. Founded in 1996 with a volunteer-staffed help desk at Boston Medical Center connecting low-income patients with basic resources like heating assistance, job training, and childcare...  View Details
Keywords: Scaling Social Enterprise; Scaling Social Impact; Health Care Delivery; Health Care Outcomes; Health Care Reform; Nonprofit; Nonprofit Scaling; Social Enterprise; Health Care and Treatment; Nonprofit Organizations; Growth and Development Strategy; Health Industry; United States
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