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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Functional analysis as set forth in the last chapter decomposes a technical system into functional components that do things to advance the system’s purpose and the goals of its designers. Functional analysis in turn can be used to construct value structure maps...  View Details
Keywords: Modularity; Value Structure Mapping; Value Capture; Technology; Organizations; Strategy; value Creation
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  • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
  • Case

Gong: Resonating Conversational Insights
By: Alison Wood Brooks and Trevor Spelman
In 2015, Amit Bendov was struck by a realization about a new technology that might be able to transcribe musical notation in real-time, which eventually became known as Gong. Gong’s business proposition was simple: provide software that automatically captures,...  View Details
Keywords: Software; Communication; Sales
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  • May 2020
  • Teaching Note

Edward Jones: Implementing the Solutions Approach
By: David J. Collis
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 719-411.Updates the classic Edward Jones strategy case as the firm shifts to a new "Solutions" business model from its previous "product" model in response to changes in the brokerage industry, technology and demographics, and its own...  View Details
Keywords: Management; Strategy; value; Business Model; Financial Services Industry; North And Central America
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  • May 2020
  • Article

Measuring Collaboration in Modern Organizations
By: Stephen Michael Impink, Andrea Prat and Raffaella Sadun
Internal communication has been a central theme in organizational economics, as employee collaboration provides insight into the structure of firms. Use of electronic communications data can be transformational for organizational economics, as these data provide a...  View Details
Keywords: Collaboration; Employees; Interactive Communication; Measurement And Metrics; Organizations; Performance
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  • April 2020 (Revised May 2020)
  • Case

NTT DOCOMO's Race to 5G
By: Juan Alcácer, Horst Melcher and Akiko Kanno
The case, based on extensive interviews with NTT DOCOMO’s technology leaders, focuses on the opportunities and challenges that NTT DOCOMO faces with the launch of infrastructure and services for 5G wireless telecommunication technology. With higher data rates and...  View Details
Keywords: 5g; Mobile Technology; Wireless Technology; Product Launch; Strategic Planning; Decision Making; Strategy; Telecommunications Industry; Technology Industry
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  • January 2020 (Revised April 2020)
  • Case

Rumo: Infrastructure for a Healthier Economy
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Mariana Cal, Ruth Costas and Natalie Kindred
Brazilian logistics company Rumo operated 13,500 km in railway networks, port terminals, and inland transshipment terminals, connecting major Brazilian ports to the agriculture hubs of Mato Grosso and São Paulo state. Controlled by Cosan, Brazil's leading sugar and...  View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Plant-based Agribusiness; Customer Relationship Management; Growth And Development Strategy; Logistics; Rail Transportation; value Creation; Rail Industry; Transportation Industry; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Latin America; Brazil
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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 16 Capturing Value by Controlling Bottlenecks in Open Platform Systems
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the means by which firms capture value in open platform systems. I begin by arguing that the surplus value created by complementarities within a technical system will be split among the owners of the unique and essential...  View Details
Keywords: Open Platforms; Bottlenecks; Flow Production; Value Capture; Disintermediation; Production; Management
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  • October 16, 2019
  • Article

Where ESG Fails
By: Michael E. Porter, George Serafeim and Mark Kramer
We are entering a new stage of understanding of the linkage between investment performance and social impact. Previous approaches, such as socially responsible investing and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) screening, have obscured the opportunities for...  View Details
Keywords: Esg; Sustainability; Environment; Social Impact; Impact Investing; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg Reporting; Shared Value; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Investment; value; Strategy
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  • 2019
  • Chapter

Interorganizational Collaboration and Start-Up Innovation
By: Vikas A. Aggarwal and Andy Wu
This chapter presents an overview of the literature on collaborative relationships between start-ups and incumbent firms, focusing on the implications of these relationships for start-up innovation and performance. Value creation in such relationships occurs when...  View Details
Keywords: Alliance; Corporate Venture Capital; Complementary Assets; Appropriability; Business Startups; Joint Ventures; Knowledge; Innovation And Invention; value Creation; Entrepreneurship
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  • 2018
  • Article

Threat of Platform-Owner Entry and Complementor Responses: Evidence from the Mobile App Market
By: Wen Wen and Feng Zhu
We examine how app developers on the Android mobile platform adjust their innovation efforts (rate and direction) and value-capture strategies in response to Google’s entry threat and actual entry into their markets. We find that, after Google’s entry threat increases,...  View Details
Keywords: Platform-owner Entry; Entry Threat; Innovation; Complementors; Mobile App Industry; Technology Platform; Mobile Technology; Market Entry And Exit; Price; Innovation And Invention
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  • June 21, 2019
  • Article

When Tech Companies Compete on Their Own Platforms
By: Feng Zhu
One common complaint from third parties about platform businesses is that they see what succeeds on their platforms and then enter the most profitable areas themselves, often decimating third parties in the process. Studies have identified several motivations for...  View Details
Keywords: Platform-based Markets; Platform-owner Entry; Market Platforms; Market Entry And Exit; Competition
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach
By: Nicolas Padilla and Eva Ascarza
The success of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs ultimately depends on the firm's ability to understand consumers' preferences and precisely capture how these preferences may differ across customers. Only by understanding customer heterogeneity, firms can...  View Details
Keywords: Customer Management; Targeting; Deep Exponential Families; Probabilistic Machine Learning; Cold Start Problem; Customer Relationship Management; Customer value And value Chain; Consumer Behavior; Data And Data Sets; Mathematical Methods; Retail Industry
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  • 2019
  • Article

When Gender Diversity Makes Firms More Productive
By: Stephen Turban, Dan Wu and Letian Zhang
Does diversity make a company more productive? Many say yes—some researchers argue that gender diversity leads to more innovative thinking and signals to investors that a company is competently run. Others say no—conflicting research indicates that gender diversity can...  View Details
Keywords: Gender; Diversity; Performance; Performance Productivity
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  • 2019
  • Chapter

Behavioral Economics and Health-Care Markets
By: Amitabh Chandra, Benjamin Handel and Joshua Schwartzstein
This chapter summarizes research in behavioral health economics, focusing on insurance markets and product markets in health care. We argue that the prevalence of choice difficulties and biases leading to mistakes in these markets establish a special place for them in...  View Details
Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Consumer Behavior; Economics; Health Care And Treatment; Insurance; Markets
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  • Article

Friends or Foes? Examining Platform Owners' Entry into Complementors' Spaces
By: Feng Zhu
As platform owners continue to expand their ecosystems, many of them have started to provide consumers with their own complementary applications. These moves position the platform owners as direct competitors to their complementors. This paper surveys empirical studies...  View Details
Keywords: Platform; Complementors; Market Platforms; Market Entry And Exit; Competition
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  • 2018
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Technical and Strategic Bottlenecks as Guides for Action
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this chapter is to present analytic tools based on functional maps that can be used to identify investment opportunities and to formulate strategy in large, evolving technical systems. I argue that the points of value creation and value capture in a...  View Details
Keywords: Bottlenecks; Technology; System; Investment; Opportunities; Strategy
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  • Article

Why Grit Requires Perseverance and Passion to Positively Predict Performance
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Andreas Wihler, Erica R. Bailey and Adam D. Galinsky
Prior studies linking grit—defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals—to performance are beset by contradictory evidence. As a result, commentators have increasingly declared that grit has limited effects. We propose that this inconsistent evidence has...  View Details
Keywords: Grit; Perseverance; Passion; Performance; Motivation; Personal Characteristics; Emotions; Performance; Motivation And Incentives
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  • July–August 2018
  • Article

Learning by Contributing: Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Contribution to Crowdsourced Public Goods
By: Frank Nagle
As the economy becomes more information based, firms are increasingly using crowdsourced public goods as inputs for innovation and production. Counterintuitively, some firms pay their employees to contribute to the creation of these goods, which can be used freely by...  View Details
Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Software; Competitive Strategy; Learning; Competitive Advantage
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  • June 2018
  • Case

The Grommet in 2018
By: Lynda M. Applegate, Karen Gordon Mills and Lena Goldberg
The Grommet, an online product launch platform, was at the brink of scaling its business. The Grommet's daily launch and sale of innovative consumer products, using personal videos created by product makers, had led to its initial success. In 2014, the company launched...  View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Product Launch; Retail; Value Capture; Online Technology; Entrepreneurship; Product Launch; value; Retail Industry
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  • June 2018
  • Background Note

Introduction to Life Settlements
By: Alexander Braun, Lauren H. Cohen, Christopher J. Malloy and Jiahua Xu
Life insurance is an asset owned by the majority of American adults (61%). Note that this 61% penetration rate is essentially at parity with home ownership (64%) and higher than that of 401(k) retirement account ownership (53%). Life settlements, or life insurance...  View Details
Keywords: Insurance; Assets; value; Markets; Investment Return
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