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      • February 2023
      • Case

      Ronald Reagan: Changing the World

      By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
      This case traces the rise of Ronald Reagan from small town Illinois to two-term president of the United States. An unlikely candidate for the world’s most powerful job, the case describes the different roles that Reagan filled over his life: radio announcer, Hollywood...  View Details
      Keywords: Politics; Entertainment; Personal Characteristics; Business And Government; Values And Beliefs; Mission And Purpose; Decision Making; Government Administration; Management Style; Power and Influence; United States
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      Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Ronald Reagan: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 123-024, February 2023.
      • February 2023 (Revised March 2023)
      • Case

      Amazon and the Future of Organized Labor

      By: Reshmaan Hussam, Trevor Fetter and Grace Liu
      From their peak in the 1950s, private-sector labor unions in the United States declined rapidly in membership and influence, decade after decade. But growing inequality — especially visible during the COVID-19 pandemic — sparked new interest in labor and organizing....  View Details
      Keywords: Working Conditions; Labor Unions
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, Trevor Fetter, and Grace Liu. "Amazon and the Future of Organized Labor." Harvard Business School Case 723-030, February 2023. (Revised March 2023.)
      • January 2023 (Revised February 2023)
      • Technical Note

      Labor Unions in the United States

      By: Reshmaan Hussam, Trevor Fetter and Grace Liu
      This note provides an overview of the regulation, mechanics, and history of labor unions in the United States, along with an overview of their place in the early 21st century.  View Details
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, Trevor Fetter, and Grace Liu. "Labor Unions in the United States." Harvard Business School Technical Note 723-031, January 2023. (Revised February 2023.)
      • October 21, 2022
      • Article

      Climate Regulations Are About to Disrupt Global Shipping

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Ships that transport goods across oceans are collectively a major generator of greenhouse gases. Rules from the International Maritime Organization and the European Union aimed at curbing these emission promise to make transoceanic and regional shipping more expensive...  View Details
      Keywords: Shipping; Decarbonization; Environmental Regulation; Supply Chain; Disruption; Shipping Industry; Atlantic Ocean; Oceania; Asia; Europe; North and Central America
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      Shih, Willy C. "Climate Regulations Are About to Disrupt Global Shipping." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 21, 2022).
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Perceived Job Difficulty Influences Unionization Support for Workers in Low-Wage Jobs

      By: Elizabeth R. Johnson and Ashley V. Whillans
      Unionization is a critical way that workers in low-wage jobs have pushed large companies to improve labor conditions. In this research, we highlight a novel factor that prevents people from supporting unionization for workers in low-wage jobs: the perceived difficulty...  View Details
      Keywords: Low-Wage Jobs; Inequality; Support For Unionization; Collective Organizing; Labor Unions; Wages; Working Conditions
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      Johnson, Elizabeth R., and Ashley V. Whillans. "Perceived Job Difficulty Influences Unionization Support for Workers in Low-Wage Jobs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-018, August 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Case

      Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry

      By: Tom Nicholas and James Weber
      In the early decades of the twentieth century, the U.S. government assisted in the development of an airline industry by subsidizing the delivery of mail and allowing mail carriers to also fly passengers. Because the government awarded mail routes to the lowest...  View Details
      Keywords: Government Regulation; Deregulation; Change Management; Economics; Entrepreneurship; Financial Management; Business History; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Labor; Labor Unions; Leading Change; Leadership Style; Crisis Management; Industry Structures; Operations; Strategy; Adaptation; Competition; Air Transportation; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and James Weber. "Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry." Harvard Business School Case 823-033, August 2022.
      • June 2022 (Revised January 2023)
      • Case

      South Africa – a 'Just Energy Transition'

      By: Richard Vietor
      South Africa, like most other countries, is in the process of reducing its carbon emissions to comply with COP26 and, hopefully, reach net zero emissions by 2050. However, because South Africa relies almost wholly on coal (93%) for electricity, and on coal for...  View Details
      Keywords: Energy; Economic Development; Climate Change; Coal Mining; Emission Reduction; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Law; Labor and Management Relations; Labor Unions; Natural Resources; Energy Policy; Energy Sources; South Africa
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      Vietor, Richard. "South Africa – a 'Just Energy Transition'." Harvard Business School Case 722-069, June 2022. (Revised January 2023.)
      • June 2022
      • Case

      Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU

      By: George Serafeim and Benjamin Maletta
      In the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union (the EU) had led the global fight against climate change with a wide array of policy measures. The EU’s primary approach to climate policy had been taxation via the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU...  View Details
      Keywords: Regulation; Carbon Emissions; Trade; Sustainability; Decarbonization; Performance; Climate Change; Analysis; Strategy; Taxation; Policy; Environmental Regulation; Industry Structures; European Union
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      Serafeim, George, and Benjamin Maletta. "Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU." Harvard Business School Case 122-106, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Every order is a bargain with disappointments and trade-offs. Thus is every order an unstable equilibrium. The first era of globalization, circa 1870–1914, created both international prosperity and domestic instability. That instability was fully realized during the...  View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Policy; Economic Systems; Balance and Stability; Europe; European Union; United States
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization." In The Downfall of the American Order? edited by Peter J. Katzenstein and Jonathan Kirshner, 105–123. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2022.
      • April 2022 (Revised July 2022)
      • Case

      Stalin’s Capitalists: American Business and Soviet Industrialization

      By: Jeremy Friedman, Jingyu Liu and Christine Riggle
      In the late 1920s and early 1930s when Joseph Stalin, leader of the world’s first Communist state, sought to industrialize his largely peasant country on an unprecedented scale, he turned for help to those who had the most experience constructing on such a scale:...  View Details
      Keywords: Communism; Industrialization; Socialism; History; Industry Growth; Soviet Union
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      Friedman, Jeremy, Jingyu Liu, and Christine Riggle. "Stalin’s Capitalists: American Business and Soviet Industrialization." Harvard Business School Case 722-058, April 2022. (Revised July 2022.)
      • March 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Getting Brexit Done

      By: Alberto Cavallo
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-023.  View Details
      Keywords: Brexit; European Union; Integration; Trade; UK; Free Trade Agreements Environment
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      Cavallo, Alberto. "Getting Brexit Done." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 722-038, March 2022.
      • October 2021 (Revised November 2022)
      • Case

      The 2012 Spanish Labor Reform: Lifting All Boats, or Leveling Down?

      By: Vincent Pons, Rafael Di Tella, Santiago Botella and Elena Corsi
      Since 1978, Spain had struggled to control unemployment. The country’s labor law was protective of employees hired long-term and companies used temporary contracts as buffers. In 2012, amid economic recession and a 23.6% unemployment rate, a center-right government of...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Labor Market; Unemployment; Recession; Globalized Markets and Industries; Government Legislation; International Relations; Working Conditions; Employment; Labor Unions; Contracts; Social Issues; Public Opinion; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Spain; European Union
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      Pons, Vincent, Rafael Di Tella, Santiago Botella, and Elena Corsi. "The 2012 Spanish Labor Reform: Lifting All Boats, or Leveling Down?" Harvard Business School Case 722-008, October 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency

      By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
      The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek to rectify newly-disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting and hiring practices of the firm respond in equilibrium has received...  View Details
      Keywords: Pay Transparency; Online Labor Market; Privacy; Wage Gap; Negotiation; Corporate Disclosure; Compensation and Benefits; Gender
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      Cullen, Zoë B., and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson. "Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency." Working Paper, June 2021. (Accepted at Econometrica.)
      • June 2021
      • Article

      Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      Investor-driven "short-termism" is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is incomplete and...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; EU; Payout Policy; Innovation; Investment; Corporate Governance; Investment Return; Acquisition; European Union
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU." European Financial Management 27, no. 3 (June 2021): 389–413.
      • May 2021
      • Supplement

      Paul Levy: Confronting a 'Corporate Campaign' (B)

      By: James K. Sebenius and Isaac Silberberg
      Paul Levy, CEO of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center hospital is faced with a formidable negotiation campaign to unionize staff at BIDMC. Armed only with his personal blog, does Paul stand a chance against the union's multi-million dollar organizing budget?  View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Healthcare Industry; Hospital Management; Unions; Negotiation Campaign; Blog; Health Care and Treatment; Labor; Labor Unions; Labor and Management Relations; Negotiation; Strategy; Social Media; Health Industry; Massachusetts; United States
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      Sebenius, James K., and Isaac Silberberg. "Paul Levy: Confronting a 'Corporate Campaign' (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 921-011, May 2021.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism

      By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Activist pressure has prompted many companies to adopt formal corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies, but can ongoing activist pressure influence whether companies effectively implement these policies? Drawing on and extending the private politics and...  View Details
      Keywords: Monitoring; Apparel Manufacturing; Protests; Activism; Union; Compensation; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Quality; Safety; Social Issues; Labor Unions; Wages; Compensation and Benefits; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; China
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      Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-114, April 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Toyota and Its Labor Union in Argentina (C)

      By: Jorge Tamayo, Erik Snowberg and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
      Toyota Argentina (TASA) and the union representing automotive industry workers in the country had been working together since 2011 to address the challenges faced by Toyota’s manufacturing plant in Zárate (Argentina). In 2019, after achieving all the goals set forward...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Alignment; Cooperation; Negotiation; Agreements and Arrangements; Labor Unions; Labor and Management Relations; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Goals and Objectives; Auto Industry; Latin America; South America; Argentina
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      Tamayo, Jorge, Erik Snowberg, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Toyota and Its Labor Union in Argentina (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-413, March 2021.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Dis-Atlanticism: The West in an Era of Global Fragmentation

      By: Rawi Abdelal and Ulrich Krotz
      BOOK ABSTRACT: Is the EU a Success or a Failure? Should It Stay or Should It Go? Britain and the EU. The Big Waste or Essential to Feed Europe? The Common Agricultural Policy. Observers of the European Union could be forgiven in thinking that since its inception the EU...  View Details
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      Abdelal, Rawi, and Ulrich Krotz. "Dis-Atlanticism: The West in an Era of Global Fragmentation." In Key Controversies in European Integration. 3rd edition, edited by Hubert Zimmerman and Andreas Dür, 211–220. London: Red Globe Press, 2021.
      • Article

      Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them

      By: Jodi L Short and Michael W. Toffel
      The pandemic has placed a new spotlight on working conditions in factories that supply global companies. To avert problems, firms often impose codes of conduct on their suppliers and perform audits to assess compliance. Do these measures help identify unethical...  View Details
      Keywords: Auditing; Agency Cost; Quality And Safety; Quality Management System; Quality Management; Unions; Environmental Management; Globalization; Goods and Commodities; Governance; Labor; Labor Unions; Wages; Working Conditions; Operations; Supply Chain; Safety; Quality; China; Bangladesh; Asia; Pakistan
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      Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 2 (March–April 2021).
      • 2021
      • Article

      The Sustainable Corporate Governance Initiative in Europe

      By: Mark Roe, Holger Spamann, Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      In July 2020, the European Commission published the “Study on directors’ duties and sustainable corporate governance” by EY. The Report purports to find evidence of debilitating short-termism in EU corporate governance and recommends many changes to support sustainable...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; Hedge Funds; Shareholder Activism; Securities Regulation; Agency Costs; Political Economy; Payouts; Repurchases; Corporate Governance; Investment Funds; Investment Activism; Research and Development; Investment; European Union
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      Roe, Mark, Holger Spamann, Jesse M. Fried, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "The Sustainable Corporate Governance Initiative in Europe." Yale Journal on Regulation Bulletin 38 (2021): 133–153.
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