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      • June 2022
      • Technical Note

      Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU

      By: George Serafeim and Benjamin Maletta
      In the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union (the EU) had led the global fight against climate change with a wide array of policy measures. The EU’s primary approach to climate policy had been taxation via the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU...  View Details
      Keywords: Regulation; Carbon Emissions; Trade; Sustainability; Decarbonization; Performance; Climate Change; Analysis; Strategy; Taxation; Policy; European Union
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      Serafeim, George, and Benjamin Maletta. "Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU." Harvard Business School Technical Note 122-106, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Every order is a bargain with disappointments and trade-offs. Thus is every order an unstable equilibrium. The first era of globalization, circa 1870–1914, created both international prosperity and domestic instability. That instability was fully realized during the...  View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Policy; Economic Systems; Balance and Stability; Europe; European Union; United States
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization." In The Downfall of the American Order? edited by Peter J. Katzenstein and Jonathan Kirshner, 105–123. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Getting Brexit Done

      By: Alberto Cavallo
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-023.  View Details
      Keywords: Brexit; European Union; Integration; Trade; UK; Free Trade Agreements Environment
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      Cavallo, Alberto. "Getting Brexit Done." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 722-038, March 2022.
      • October 2021
      • Case

      The 2012 Spanish Labor Reform: Lifting All Boats or Levelling Down?

      By: Vincent Pons, Rafael Di Tella, Santiago Botella and Elena Corsi
      Since 1978, Spain had struggled to control unemployment. The country’s labor law was protective of employees hired long-term and companies used temporary contracts as buffers. In 2012, amid economic recession and a 23.6% unemployment rate, a center-right government of...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Globalized Markets and Industries; Government Legislation; International Relations; Working Conditions; Employment; Labor Unions; Contracts; Social Issues; Public Opinion; Spain; European Union
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      Pons, Vincent, Rafael Di Tella, Santiago Botella, and Elena Corsi. "The 2012 Spanish Labor Reform: Lifting All Boats or Levelling Down?" Harvard Business School Case 722-008, October 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency

      By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
      The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek to rectify newly-disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting and hiring practices of the firm respond in equilibrium has received...  View Details
      Keywords: Pay Transparency; Online Labor Market; Privacy; Wage Gap; Negotiation; Corporate Disclosure; Compensation and Benefits; Gender
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      Cullen, Zoë B., and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson. "Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28903, June 2021. (Revise and Resubmit at Econometrica.)
      • June 2021
      • Article

      Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      Investor-driven "short-termism" is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is incomplete and...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; EU; Payout Policy; Innovation; Investment; Corporate Governance; Investment Return; Acquisition; European Union
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU." European Financial Management 27, no. 3 (June 2021): 389–413.
      • May 2021
      • Supplement

      Paul Levy: Confronting a 'Corporate Campaign' (B)

      By: James K. Sebenius and Isaac Silberberg
      Paul Levy, CEO of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center hospital is faced with a formidable negotiation campaign to unionize staff at BIDMC. Armed only with his personal blog, does Paul stand a chance against the union's multi-million dollar organizing budget?  View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Healthcare Industry; Hospital Management; Unions; Negotiation Campaign; Blog; Health Care and Treatment; Labor; Labor Unions; Labor and Management Relations; Negotiation; Strategy; Social Media; Health Industry; Massachusetts; United States
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      Sebenius, James K., and Isaac Silberberg. "Paul Levy: Confronting a 'Corporate Campaign' (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 921-011, May 2021.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism

      By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Many companies have adopted corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in response to activist pressure, but ensuring the implementation of these policies is challenging. Recognizing the paucity of research on the effect of contentious activism on companies’...  View Details
      Keywords: Monitoring; Apparel Manufacturing; Protests; Activism; Union; Compensation; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Quality; Safety; Social Issues; Labor Unions; Wages; Compensation and Benefits; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; China
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      Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-114, April 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Toyota and Its Labor Union in Argentina (C)

      By: Jorge Tamayo, Erik Snowberg and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
      Toyota Argentina (TASA) and the union representing automotive industry workers in the country had been working together since 2011 to address the challenges faced by Toyota’s manufacturing plant in Zárate (Argentina). In 2019, after achieving all the goals set forward...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Alignment; Cooperation; Negotiation; Agreements and Arrangements; Auto Industry; Latin America; South America; Argentina
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      Tamayo, Jorge, Erik Snowberg, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Toyota and Its Labor Union in Argentina (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-413, March 2021.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Dis-Atlanticism: The West in an Era of Global Fragmentation

      By: Rawi Abdelal and Ulrich Krotz
      BOOK ABSTRACT: Is the EU a Success or a Failure? Should It Stay or Should It Go? Britain and the EU. The Big Waste or Essential to Feed Europe? The Common Agricultural Policy. Observers of the European Union could be forgiven in thinking that since its inception the EU...  View Details
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      Abdelal, Rawi, and Ulrich Krotz. "Dis-Atlanticism: The West in an Era of Global Fragmentation." In Key Controversies in European Integration. 3rd edition, edited by Hubert Zimmerman and Andreas Dür, 211–220. London: Red Globe Press, 2021.
      • Article

      Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them

      By: Jodi L Short and Michael W. Toffel
      The pandemic has placed a new spotlight on working conditions in factories that supply global companies. To avert problems, firms often impose codes of conduct on their suppliers and perform audits to assess compliance. Do these measures help identify unethical...  View Details
      Keywords: Auditing; Agency Cost; Quality And Safety; Quality Management System; Quality Management; Unions; Environmental Management; Globalization; Goods and Commodities; Governance; Labor; Labor Unions; Wages; Working Conditions; Operations; Supply Chain; Safety; Quality; China; Bangladesh; Asia; Pakistan
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      Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 2 (March–April 2021).
      • 2021
      • Article

      The Sustainable Corporate Governance Initiative in Europe

      By: Mark Roe, Holger Spamann, Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      In July 2020, the European Commission published the “Study on directors’ duties and sustainable corporate governance” by EY. The Report purports to find evidence of debilitating short-termism in EU corporate governance and recommends many changes to support sustainable...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; Hedge Funds; Shareholder Activism; Securities Regulation; Agency Costs; Political Economy; Payouts; Repurchases; Corporate Governance; Investment Funds; Investment Activism; Research and Development; Investment; European Union
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      Roe, Mark, Holger Spamann, Jesse M. Fried, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "The Sustainable Corporate Governance Initiative in Europe." Yale Journal on Regulation Bulletin 38 (2021): 133–153.
      • Article

      The EU's Unsustainable Approach to Stakeholder Capitalism

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      A recent report by the EU claims that investor-driven short-termism is encouraging firms to return cash rather than invest it, which reduces capital available for investment in growth. The authors show that the data behind the report do not support its claims and...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; Sustainability; Capital; Investment; Decision Making; Business and Stakeholder Relations; European Union
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "The EU's Unsustainable Approach to Stakeholder Capitalism." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (January 29, 2021).
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Toyota and Its Labor Union in Argentina (A)

      By: Jorge Tamayo, Erik Snowberg and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
      In 2011, Daniel Herrero, CEO of Toyota Argentina (TASA) since 2010, was about to meet with the Secretary-General of the union representing automotive industry workers in the country. The company produced vehicles in Argentina since 1997 at their plant at Zárate, and,...  View Details
      Keywords: Manufacturing Performance; Bargaining; Production; Performance; Labor Unions; Labor and Management Relations; Fairness; Auto Industry; Argentina
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      Tamayo, Jorge, Erik Snowberg, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Toyota and Its Labor Union in Argentina (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-394, January 2021.
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Supplement

      Toyota and Its Labor Union in Argentina (B)

      By: Jorge Tamayo, Erik Snowberg and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
      Toyota Argentina (TASA) and the union representing automotive industry workers in the country had been working together since 2011 to address the challenges faced by Toyota’s manufacturing plant in Zárate (Argentina). The strategy for moving forward was built on an...  View Details
      Keywords: Manufacturing Performance; Production; Performance Improvement; Strategy; Labor Unions; Labor and Management Relations; Agreements and Arrangements; Strategic Planning; Auto Industry; Argentina
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      Tamayo, Jorge, Erik Snowberg, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Toyota and Its Labor Union in Argentina (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-412, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • Editorial

      Le capitalisme durable menace la durabilité des entreprises

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles CY Wang
      Keywords: European Union
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles CY Wang. "Le capitalisme durable menace la durabilité des entreprises." Les Echos (December 18, 2020).
      • December 2020 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      These cases explore the impacts of industry shocks, resulting corporate actions that had a devastating impact on employees, and the legal conviction of corporate leaders for “institutional harassment."

      This case series follows the evolution of France...  View Details
      Keywords: Health & Wellness; Human Resource Management; Strategic Change; Leadership & Corporate Accountability; Leadership And Change Management; Leadership And Managing People; Change; Restructuring; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Health; Human Capital; Human Resources; Labor; Labor and Management Relations; Labor Unions; Law; Social Psychology; Strategy; Leadership; Leadership Style; Organizations; Problems and Challenges; Relationships; Crisis Management; Organizational Culture; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European Union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring." Harvard Business School Case 721-420, December 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
      • December 2020
      • Supplement

      France Télécom (B): A Wave of Staff Suicides

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      In the B case we learn that at least 19 France Telecom employees took their own lives between 2006 and 2009, 12 others attempted suicide, and eight suffered from serious depression for reasons reportedly related to work. Some of these deaths occurred in public places,...  View Details
      Keywords: Mental Health; Change; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Health; Human Capital; Human Resources; Labor and Management Relations; Labor Unions; Law; Social Psychology; Strategy; Leadership Style; Organizations; Problems and Challenges; Relationships; Crisis Management; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European Union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (B): A Wave of Staff Suicides." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-421, December 2020.
      • December 2020
      • Supplement

      France Télécom (C): An Unprecedented Trial

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      In the C case we learn that former CEO Didier Lombard, Deputy Chief Executive Louis-Pierre Wenes, Human Resources Head Olivier Barberot and France Telecom itself were charged for institutional harassment by French authorities, a first for a CAC 40 company. In December...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Behavior; Human Dignity; Human Resource Practices; Corporate Change And Sustainability; Corporate Culture; Strategic Corporate Decisions; Strategic Change; Strategic Decision Making; Emotion; Management Challenges; Corporate Accountability; Organizational Culture; Human Resources; Crisis Management; Law; Courts and Trials; Labor; Labor and Management Relations; Management Practices and Processes; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European Union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (C): An Unprecedented Trial." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-422, December 2020.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Unwanted Attention: Swiss Multinationals and the Creation of International Corporate Guidelines in the 1970s

      By: Sabine Pitteloud
      During the last decade, we have seen an increased opposition to globalization. Within this wave of criticism, firms and more specifically multinational corporations have been major targets, accused of multiple wrongdoings, such as social dumping, fiscal evasion, job...  View Details
      Keywords: Multinationals; Guidelines; Lobbying; Business History; Multinational Firms and Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Global Range; Switzerland
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      Pitteloud, Sabine. "Unwanted Attention: Swiss Multinationals and the Creation of International Corporate Guidelines in the 1970s." Special Issue on Multinational Corporations and the Politics of International Trade. Business and Politics 22, no. 4 (December 2020).
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