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      • January 2025 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      U.S. Steel: Proposed Acquisition by Nippon Steel

      By: Willy C. Shih
      The case setting is the proposed acquisition of U.S. Steel by Nippon Steel, which elicited a great deal of controversy. The purpose of the case is to look at the history of the American steel industry since World War II and understand how the steel minimill operators... View Details
      Keywords: Disruptive Innovation; Mergers and Acquisitions; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Business History; Technological Innovation; Business Strategy; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy C. "U.S. Steel: Proposed Acquisition by Nippon Steel." Harvard Business School Case 625-090, January 2025. (Revised January 2025.)
      • August 2024
      • Background Note

      Brief Note on the U.S. Presidential Electoral Process (2024)

      By: Robert F. White
      A note describing the history and mechanics of the United States' presidential election system, the electoral college. View Details
      Keywords: Political Elections; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      White, Robert F. "Brief Note on the U.S. Presidential Electoral Process (2024)." Harvard Business School Background Note 825-049, August 2024.
      • August 2024
      • Background Note

      A Brief Note on U.S. Presidential Transitions

      By: Robert F. White
      This note provides background information on the U.S. presidential transition process, including the history of presidential transitions, the modern transition process, and the responsibilities of the executive branch. It includes a brief overview of the primary laws... View Details
      Keywords: Transition; Government Administration; Selection and Staffing; Political Elections; Laws and Statutes; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      White, Robert F. "A Brief Note on U.S. Presidential Transitions." Harvard Business School Background Note 825-062, August 2024.
      • June, 2024
      • Book Review

      Debunking Immigration Myths: A Review Essay of 'Streets of Gold: America’s Untold Story of Immigrant Success' (PublicAffairs, 2022) by Ran Abramitzky and Leah Boustan

      By: Marco Tabellini
      This essay reviews Streets of Gold: America’s Untold Story of Immigrant Success by Ran Abramitzky and Leah Boustan. This elegantly written book, highly accessible to both economists and non-economists, is a must-read for anyone interested in the topic of... View Details
      Keywords: Immigration; History; United States
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      Tabellini, Marco. "Debunking Immigration Myths: A Review Essay of 'Streets of Gold: America’s Untold Story of Immigrant Success' (PublicAffairs, 2022) by Ran Abramitzky and Leah Boustan." Journal of Economic Literature 62, no. 2 (June, 2024): 739–760.
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Peter Fader, Bruce G.S. Hardie and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Peter Fader, Bruce G.S. Hardie, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 524-068, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 524-707, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader and Michael Ross
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Peter S. Fader, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 524-706, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Peter S. Fader, Bruce Hardie and Michael Ross
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 524-046. This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Peter S. Fader, Bruce Hardie, and Michael Ross. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 524-047, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit

      By: Eva Ascarza, Bruce Hardie, Michael Ross and Peter S. Fader
      This case presents a scenario where Madrigal, a U.S. retailer with a rich 20-year history and a solid loyalty program, faces a turning point with the arrival of a new CEO. This leadership change reveals a critical gap in understanding the customer base, prompting an... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analytics and Data Science; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Retail Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Bruce Hardie, Michael Ross, and Peter S. Fader. "Madrigal: Conducting a Customer-Base Audit." Harvard Business School Case 524-046, March 2024.
      • 2024
      • Chapter

      The U.S. Secession Crisis as a Breakdown of Democracy

      By: Dean Grodzins and David Moss
      This chapter examines the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 as a case of democratic breakdown. From December 1860 to early June 1861, eleven of the fifteen slaveholding states in the U.S. South declared secession from the Union. The trigger for the crisis was Abraham... View Details
      Keywords: War; History; Political Elections; United States
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      Grodzins, Dean, and David Moss. "The U.S. Secession Crisis as a Breakdown of Democracy." Chap. 3 in When Democracy Breaks: Studies in Democratic Erosion and Collapse, from Ancient Athens to the Present Day, edited by Archon Fung, David Moss, and Odd Arne Westad, 43–107. Oxford University Press, 2024.
      • January 2024
      • Case

      Sprouts Farmers Market

      By: Rajiv Lal, Forest L. Reinhardt and Natalie Kindred
      Sprouts Farmers Markets (Sprouts) is a Phoenix, Arizona-based chain of 400-plus natural foods stores in 23 U.S. states and $6.4 billion in sales as of 2022. In its product assortment, brand image, and store environment, Sprouts emphasizes freshness, health, innovation,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Strategic Planning; Sales; Business Strategy; Expansion; Product Positioning; Marketing Strategy; Competition; Retail Industry; United States; Arizona
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      Lal, Rajiv, Forest L. Reinhardt, and Natalie Kindred. "Sprouts Farmers Market." Harvard Business School Case 524-059, January 2024.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Effect of Childhood Environment on Political Behavior: Evidence from Young U.S. Movers, 1992–2021

      By: Jacob R. Brown, Enrico Cantoni, Sahil Chinoy, Martin Koenen and Vincent Pons
      We ask how childhood environment shapes political behavior. We measure young voters’ participation and party affiliation in nationally comprehensive voter files and reconstruct their childhood location histories based on their parents’ addresses. We compare outcomes of... View Details
      Keywords: Political Parties; Government and Politics; Age; Residency; Voting
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      Brown, Jacob R., Enrico Cantoni, Sahil Chinoy, Martin Koenen, and Vincent Pons. "The Effect of Childhood Environment on Political Behavior: Evidence from Young U.S. Movers, 1992–2021." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31759, October 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      LALIGA—From a Soccer Competition Organizer to a Global Player in the Sports and Entertainment Industry

      By: Stephen A. Greyser, Kenneth Cortsen and Juan Fuentes Fernández
      LALIGA, the first- and second-tier professional soccer league (known as “football” outside of the U.S. and Canada) in Spain, enters its 100th soccer season later this decade. The most popular game in the world (Giulianotti, 2012) has gone through many changes since... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; "Sports Organizations,; Business History; Strategy; Brands and Branding; Technology Adoption; Sports Industry
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      Greyser, Stephen A., Kenneth Cortsen, and Juan Fuentes Fernández. "LALIGA—From a Soccer Competition Organizer to a Global Player in the Sports and Entertainment Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-009, August 2023.
      • January 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      First to Fight? Culture, Tradition, and the United States Marine Corps (USMC)

      By: Ranjay Gulati, Akhil Iyer and Joel Malkin
      Over a history of more than 240 years, the United States Marine Corps has forged a distinct culture and institutional identity centered on its “warrior ethos.” In the wars of American history, Marines fought with uncommon valor, rising to international prominence for... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Transformation; Talent and Talent Management; Government Administration; Management Practices and Processes; Management Systems; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Performance Effectiveness; United States
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      Gulati, Ranjay, Akhil Iyer, and Joel Malkin. "First to Fight? Culture, Tradition, and the United States Marine Corps (USMC)." Harvard Business School Case 423-051, January 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • January 2023
      • Article

      Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights

      By: Alvaro Calderon, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
      Between 1940 and 1970, more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in ending institutionalized... View Details
      Keywords: Civil Rights; Great Migration; History; Race; Rights; Prejudice and Bias; Government Legislation
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      Calderon, Alvaro, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights." Review of Economic Studies 90, no. 1 (January 2023): 165–200. (Available also from VOX, Broadstreet, and VOX EU.)
      • August 2022
      • Case

      Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry

      By: Tom Nicholas and James Weber
      In the early decades of the twentieth century, the U.S. government assisted in the development of an airline industry by subsidizing the delivery of mail and allowing mail carriers to also fly passengers. Because the government awarded mail routes to the lowest... View Details
      Keywords: Government Regulation; Deregulation; Change Management; Economics; Entrepreneurship; Financial Management; Business History; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Labor; Labor Unions; Leading Change; Leadership Style; Crisis Management; Industry Structures; Operations; Strategy; Adaptation; Competition; Air Transportation; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and James Weber. "Air Wars: Deregulating the U.S. Airline Industry." Harvard Business School Case 823-033, August 2022.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the Economic Development of the Western U.S.

      By: Joe Long, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
      This paper investigates the economic consequences of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned immigration from China. The Act reduced the number of Chinese workers of all skill levels living in the United States. It also reduced the labor supply and the quality of... View Details
      Keywords: Growth; Productivity; Economic Development; Business History; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Business and Government Relations; Prejudice and Bias; Government Legislation; Immigration; United States
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      Long, Joe, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian, and Marco Tabellini. "The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the Economic Development of the Western U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-008, August 2022. (Revised September 2024. Featured in Bloomberg, at Hoover Institute, VoxEU, NBER Digest, NPR, Forbes, The New Yorker, HBS Working Knowledge, and Cato Institute, quoted here.)
      • 2022
      • Book

      Empires of Ideas: Creating the Modern University from Germany to America to China

      By: William C. Kirby
      The modern university was born in Germany. In the twentieth century, the United States leapfrogged Germany to become the global leader in higher education. Will China challenge its position in the twenty-first?
      Today American institutions dominate nearly every... View Details
      Keywords: University; Higher Education; History; United States; Germany; China
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      Kirby, William C. Empires of Ideas: Creating the Modern University from Germany to America to China. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Supplement

      Ukraine: On the Border of Europe and Eurasia (B)

      By: Rawi Abdelal, Jonathan Schlefer and Cressida Arkwright
      Supplements the (A) case. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 raised questions about democratization and a possible reshaping of the global order. It arose from deep roots in the history of both nations but also turned on contingent decisions by their... View Details
      Keywords: Global Order; Social Issues; Government Administration; History; War; Ukraine; Russia
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      Abdelal, Rawi, Jonathan Schlefer, and Cressida Arkwright. "Ukraine: On the Border of Europe and Eurasia (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-066, March 2022.
      • March 2022 (Revised November 2022)
      • Case

      When Should CEOs Speak Out Publicly? The 2021 Georgia Voting Law

      By: William W. George, Hubert Joly and Amram Migdal
      This case describes the March 2021 passage of a voting and elections law in the U.S. state of Georgia and reactions by corporations and corporate leaders to the law. Included are a brief history of voting rights in the United States and Georgia and an overview of the... View Details
      Keywords: Voting Rights; CEO Activism; Communication; Communication Intention and Meaning; Communication Strategy; Forms of Communication; Announcements; Spoken Communication; Decision Making; Judgments; Voting; Demographics; Nationality; Race; Geography; Geographic Location; Geopolitical Units; Country; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Political Elections; History; Law; Laws and Statutes; Rights; Leadership; Leadership Style; Management; Management Skills; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Social Psychology; Status and Position; Society; Civil Society or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; United States; Georgia (state, US)
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      George, William W., Hubert Joly, and Amram Migdal. "When Should CEOs Speak Out Publicly? The 2021 Georgia Voting Law." Harvard Business School Case 322-015, March 2022. (Revised November 2022.)
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