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    • All HBS Web  (1,466)
      • Faculty Publications  (23)

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      The rise and demise of Groupon: the importance of satisfying both sides of a two-sided network - Digital Innovation and Transformation
      Skip to content The HBS Digital Initiative brings together perspectives across disciplines to help people understand how technology is transforming...
      two-sided network Archives - Digital Innovation and Transformation
      Skip to content The HBS Digital Initiative brings together perspectives across disciplines to help people understand how technology is transforming...
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      • November 2020
      • Article

      Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Re‐Shapes Two‐Sided Platforms

      By: Daniel Trabucchi, Antonella Moretto, Tommaso Buganza and Alan MacCormack
      The importance of platform‐based businesses in the modern economy is growing continuously and becoming increasingly relevant. Specifically, the deployment of digital technologies has enhanced the applicability of two‐sided business models, enabling companies to act not...  View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; two-sided Platforms; Business Model; Innovation And Invention; Technological Innovation
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      Trabucchi, Daniel, Antonella Moretto, Tommaso Buganza, and Alan MacCormack. "Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Re‐Shapes Two‐Sided Platforms." Journal of Product Innovation Management 37, no. 6 (November 2020): 552–574.
      • Fall 2020
      • Article

      Christo and Jeanne‐Claude: The Negotiation of Art and Vice Versa

      By: Michael A. Wheeler
      Over the past two decades the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School (PON) has named thirteen people as Great Negotiators. The project, directed by my colleague Jim Sebenius, has given us the opportunity to commend our honorees’ outstanding work and to learn from...  View Details
      Keywords: Art; Negotiation; Arts
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      Wheeler, Michael A. "Christo and Jeanne‐Claude: The Negotiation of Art and Vice Versa." Negotiation Journal 36, no. 4 (Fall 2020): 471–487.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Uber at a Crossroads (2017)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
      This case describes the history of Uber, its business model—including the ways it differed from that of the traditional taxi industry—and its competition with Lyft. The case is set in 2017, a year in which Uber was plagued by even more scandals than usual, though its...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Model; Customer Satisfaction; Fairness; Values And Beliefs; Price; Profit; Revenue; Investment; Government Legislation; Business History; Compensation And Benefits; Resignation And Termination; Employment; Wages; Lawfulness; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Management Style; Market Entry And Exit; two-sided Platforms; Product Design; Organizational Culture; Problems And Challenges; Attitudes; Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Transportation networks; Mobile Technology; Technology Platform; Valuation; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Karen Elterman. "Uber at a Crossroads (2017)." Harvard Business School Case 721-376, September 2020.
      • September 2019 (Revised February 2020)
      • Teaching Note

      Fishbowl: Scaling Up

      By: Leslie K. John
      Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.

      Teaching Note for HBS No. 919-013. Fishbowl is a social media app that allows professionals to connect with other relevant professionals both within their company and...  View Details
      Keywords: Communication Technologies; Customer Value; Value Chain; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Customer Value And Value Chain; Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Growth And Development Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Advertising; Product Marketing; two-sided Platforms; Consumer Behavior; network Effects; Emotions; Motivation And Incentives; Trust; Software; Technology Adoption; Technology Platform; Communications Industry; Employment Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; United States
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      John, Leslie K. "Fishbowl: Scaling Up." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 920-022, September 2019. (Revised February 2020.) (Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.)
      • September 2019 (Revised September 2019)
      • Case

      Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World

      By: John R. Wells, Carole A. Winkler and Benjamin Weinstock
      In August 2019, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The first major storm of protest followed the surprise election of Donald Trump as President of the United States on November 8, 2016; many put the blame at the door of fake...  View Details
      Keywords: Facebook; Fake News; Mark Zuckerberg; Donald Trump; Algorithms; Social Networks; Partisanship; Social Media; App Development; Instagram; Whatsapp; Smartphone; Silicon Valley; Office Space; Digital Strategy; Democracy; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Controversy; Tencent; Agility; Social Networking; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Messaging; Monetization Strategy; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Headquarters; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Trends; Communication; Communication Technology; Forms Of Communication; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Crime And Corruption; Voting; Demographics; Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Initial Public Offering; Profit; Revenue; Geography; Geographic Location; Global Range; Local Range; Country; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Globalized Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government And Politics; International Relations; National Security; Political Elections; Business History; Recruitment; Selection And Staffing; Information Management; Information Publishing; News; Newspapers; Innovation And Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Dissemination; Human Capital; Law; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business Or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Management Style; Management Systems; Management Teams; Managerial Roles; Marketing Channels; Social Marketing; network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Monopoly; Media; Product Development; Service Delivery; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; networks; Rank And Position; Opportunities; Behavior; Emotions; Identity; Power And Influence; Prejudice And Bias; Reputation; Social And Collaborative networks; Status And Position; Trust; Society; Civil Society Or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customization And Personalization; Diversification; Expansion; Horizontal Integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Software; Technology networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Valuation; Advertising Industry; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Journalism And News Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; United States; California; Sunnyvale; Russia
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      Wells, John R., Carole A. Winkler, and Benjamin Weinstock. "Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World." Harvard Business School Case 720-373, September 2019. (Revised September 2019.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      To Infinity and Beyond: Scaling Economic Theories via Logical Compactness

      By: Yannai A. Gonczarowski, Scott Duke Kominers and Ran I. Shorrer
      Many economic-theoretic models incorporate finiteness assumptions that, while introduced for simplicity, play a real role in the analysis. Such assumptions introduce a conceptual problem, as results that rely on finiteness are often implicitly nonrobust; for example,...  View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Analysis; Game Theory
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      Gonczarowski, Yannai A., Scott Duke Kominers, and Ran I. Shorrer. "To Infinity and Beyond: Scaling Economic Theories via Logical Compactness." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-127, June 2019. (Revised November 2020.)
      • December 2018 (Revised February 2020)
      • Case

      Fishbowl: Scaling Up

      By: Leslie K. John
      Fishbowl is a social media app that allows professionals to connect with other relevant professionals both within their company and across industry. Unlike many other social media apps, on which users typically present idealized portraits of themselves, on Fishbowl,...  View Details
      Keywords: Communication Technologies; Customer Value; Value Chain; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Customer Value And Value Chain; Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Growth And Development Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Advertising; Product Marketing; two-sided Platforms; Consumer Behavior; network Effects; Emotions; Motivation And Incentives; Trust; Software; Technology Adoption; Technology Platform; Communications Industry; Employment Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; United States
      Citation
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      John, Leslie K. "Fishbowl: Scaling Up." Harvard Business School Case 919-013, December 2018. (Revised February 2020.) (Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.)
      • November 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 717-473. In January 2017, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States in November 2016 had triggered a national storm of protests, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Facebook; Fake News; Mark Zuckerberg; Donald Trump; Algorithms; Social Networking; Social Networks; Partisanship; Social Media; App Development; Instagram; Whatsapp; Smartphone; Silicon Valley; Office Space; Digital Strategy; Democracy; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Controversy; Tencent; Agility; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Messaging; Monetization Strategy; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Headquarters; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Trends; Communication; Communication Technology; Forms Of Communication; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Crime And Corruption; Voting; Demographics; Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Initial Public Offering; Profit; Revenue; Geography; Geographic Location; Global Range; Local Range; Country; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Globalized Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government And Politics; International Relations; National Security; Political Elections; Business History; Recruitment; Selection And Staffing; Information Management; Information Publishing; News; Newspapers; Innovation And Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Dissemination; Human Capital; Law; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business Or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Management Style; Management Systems; Management Teams; Managerial Roles; Marketing Channels; Social Marketing; network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Monopoly; Media; Product Development; Service Delivery; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; networks; Rank And Position; Opportunities; Behavior; Emotions; Identity; Power And Influence; Prejudice And Bias; Reputation; Social And Collaborative networks; Status And Position; Trust; Society; Civil Society Or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customization And Personalization; Diversification; Expansion; Horizontal Integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Software; Technology networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Valuation; Advertising Industry; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Journalism And News Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; United States; California; Sunnyvale; Russia
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-456, November 2017.
      • November 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Tencent

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 718-426. Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking...  View Details
      Keywords: Tencent; Tencent Holdings; Wechat; Social Networking; Social Networks; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Video Games; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Portals; Payments; Mobile Payments; O2o; Online-to-offline; E-commerce; Messaging; Subscription Model; Freemium; Mobile App Industry; Smartphone; Pc; Monetization Strategy; Antitrust; Streaming; Cloud Computing; Artificial Intelligence; Big Data; Alibaba; Facebook; Jd.com; Tesla; Bundling; Synergies; Digital Strategy; Imitation; Licensing; Agility; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Joint Ventures; Restructuring; Communication Technology; Blogs; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Entertainment; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Investment; Investment Portfolio; Price; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Business History; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Social Marketing; network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Industry Growth; Monopoly; Media; Distribution Channels; Service Delivery; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; networks; Opportunities; Social And Collaborative networks; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Search Technology; Software; Technology networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Value Creation; Emerging Markets; Product Development; Segmentation; Business Units; Communication; Profit; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; Asia; China; Canton (province, China)
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Tencent." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-457, November 2017.
      • November 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Amazon.com, 2016

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 716-402. On January 28, 2016, Amazon announced record 2015 operating profits of $2.2 billion on $107 billion of sales, and the markets responded with cautious optimism. For years, founder and CEO Jeffrey Bezos had prioritized growth and...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Analysis; Retail; E-commerce; Amazon; Internet; Amazon.com; Amazonfresh; Jeff Bezos; Cloud Computing; Marketplaces; Streaming; E-reader Market; Digital Media; Mobile App; Online Retail; Shipping; Database; Tablet; Kindle; Kindle Fire; Smartphone; Delivery; Market Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Competition; Internet; Corporate Strategy; Online Advertising; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Profit; Revenue; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Taxation; Business History; Human Resources; Resignation And Termination; Books; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Media; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Order Taking And Fulfillment; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Development; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Organizational Culture; Public Ownership; Work-life Balance; Problems And Challenges; Labor And Management Relations; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Integration; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Hardware; Information Technology; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Technology networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Price; Software; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Working Capital; Customer Focus And Relationships; Customer Value And Value Chain; Retail Industry; Advertising Industry; Distribution Industry; Electronics Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Publishing Industry; Shipping Industry; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; Washington (state, Us); Seattle
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Amazon.com, 2016." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-441, November 2017.
      • September 2017
      • Case

      Tencent

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking service provider with several of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Tencent; Tencent Holdings; Wechat; Social Networking; Social Networks; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Video Games; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Portals; Payments; Mobile Payments; O2o; Online-to-offline; E-commerce; Messaging; Subscription Model; Freemium; Mobile App Industry; Smartphone; Pc; Monetization Strategy; Antitrust; Streaming; Cloud Computing; Artificial Intelligence; Big Data; Alibaba; Facebook; Jd.com; Tesla; Bundling; Synergies; Digital Strategy; Imitation; Licensing; Agility; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Business Units; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Joint Ventures; Restructuring; Communication; Communication Technology; Blogs; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Entertainment; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Investment; Investment Portfolio; Price; Profit; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Business History; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Social Marketing; network Effects; Emerging Markets; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Industry Growth; Monopoly; Media; Distribution Channels; Product Development; Service Delivery; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; networks; Opportunities; Social And Collaborative networks; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Search Technology; Software; Technology networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Value Creation; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; Asia; China; Canton (province, China)
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Tencent." Harvard Business School Case 718-426, September 2017.
      • March 2017 (Revised September 2017)
      • Case

      Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World

      By: John R. Wells and Carole A. Winkler
      In January 2017, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States in November 2016 had triggered a national storm of protests, and many attributed Trump’s victory to...  View Details
      Keywords: Facebook; Fake News; Mark Zuckerberg; Donald Trump; Algorithms; Social Networks; Partisanship; Social Media; App Development; Instagram; Whatsapp; Smartphone; Silicon Valley; Office Space; Digital Strategy; Democracy; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Controversy; Tencent; Agility; Social Networking; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Messaging; Monetization Strategy; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Headquarters; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Trends; Communication; Communication Technology; Forms Of Communication; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Crime And Corruption; Voting; Demographics; Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Initial Public Offering; Profit; Revenue; Geography; Geographic Location; Global Range; Local Range; Country; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Globalized Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government And Politics; International Relations; National Security; Political Elections; Business History; Recruitment; Selection And Staffing; Information Management; Information Publishing; News; Newspapers; Innovation And Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Dissemination; Human Capital; Law; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business Or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Management Style; Management Systems; Management Teams; Managerial Roles; Marketing Channels; Social Marketing; network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Monopoly; Media; Product Development; Service Delivery; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; networks; Rank And Position; Opportunities; Behavior; Emotions; Identity; Power And Influence; Prejudice And Bias; Reputation; Social And Collaborative networks; Status And Position; Trust; Society; Civil Society Or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customization And Personalization; Diversification; Expansion; Horizontal Integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Software; Technology networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Valuation; Advertising Industry; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Journalism And News Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; United States; California; Sunnyvale; Russia
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      Wells, John R., and Carole A. Winkler. "Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World." Harvard Business School Case 717-473, March 2017. (Revised September 2017.)
      • 2016
      • Chapter

      Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration

      By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit and William R. Kerr
      The propagation of macroeconomic shocks through input-output and geographic networks can be a powerful driver of macroeconomic fluctuations. We first exposit that in the presence of Cobb-Douglas production functions and consumer preferences, there is a specific pattern...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Fluctuations; Geographic Collocation; Input-output Linkages; Networks; Propagation; Shocks; networks; Fluctuation; System Shocks; Macroeconomics
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      Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, and William R. Kerr. "Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration." In NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2015, Vol. 30, edited by Martin Eichenbaum and Jonathan Parker, 273–335. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2016.
      • August 2015 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Amazon.com, 2021

      By: John R. Wells, Benjamin Weinstock, Gabriel Ellsworth and Galen Danskin
      In February 2021, Amazon announced 2020 operating profits of $22,899 million, up from $2,233 million in 2015, on sales of $386 billion, up from $107 billion five years earlier (see Exhibit 1). The shareholders expressed their satisfaction (see Exhibit 2), but not all...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Analysis; Retail; E-commerce; Amazon; Internet; Amazon.com; Amazonfresh; Jeff Bezos; Cloud Computing; Marketplaces; Streaming; E-reader Market; Digital Media; Mobile App; Online Retail; Shipping; Database; Tablet; Kindle; Kindle Fire; Smartphone; Delivery; Market Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Competition; Internet; Corporate Strategy; Online Advertising; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Profit; Revenue; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Taxation; Business History; Human Resources; Resignation And Termination; Books; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Media; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Order Taking And Fulfillment; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Development; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Organizational Culture; Public Ownership; Work-life Balance; Problems And Challenges; Labor And Management Relations; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Integration; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Hardware; Information Technology; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Technology networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Price; Software; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Working Capital; Customer Focus And Relationships; Customer Value And Value Chain; Retail Industry; Advertising Industry; Distribution Industry; Electronics Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Publishing Industry; Shipping Industry; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; Washington (state, Us); Seattle
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      Wells, John R., Benjamin Weinstock, Gabriel Ellsworth, and Galen Danskin. "Amazon.com, 2021." Harvard Business School Case 716-402, August 2015. (Revised October 2019.)
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration

      By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit and William Kerr
      The propagation of macroeconomic shocks through input-output and geographic networks can be a powerful driver of macroeconomic fluctuations. We first exposit that in the presence of Cobb-Douglas production functions and consumer preferences there is a specific pattern...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Fluctuations; Geographic Collocation; Input-output Linkages; Networks; Propagation; Shocks; networks; Fluctuation; System Shocks; Macroeconomics
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      Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, and William Kerr. "Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-006, July 2015.
      • October 2014
      • Case

      McKinsey & Company, 2012

      By: John R. Wells and Galen Danskin
      In 2012, McKinsey & Company (McKinsey) was the world's premier management consultancy, providing advice to CEO's and top executives of leading companies around the globe. Many consulting firms were bigger but few could match the reputation McKinsey had built over more...  View Details
      Keywords: Consulting Firms; Mckinsey; Strategy; Consulting Industry; North America
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      Wells, John R., and Galen Danskin. "McKinsey & Company, 2012." Harvard Business School Case 715-424, October 2014.
      • December 2011
      • Article

      Platform Envelopment

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann, Geoffrey Parker and Marshall Van Alstyne
      Due to network effects and switching costs in platform markets, entrants generally must offer revolutionary functionality. We explore a second entry path that does not rely upon Schumpeterian innovation: platform envelopment. Through envelopment, a provider in one...  View Details
      Keywords: Market Platforms; Multi-sided Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Business And Stakeholder Relations; Economic Systems; Development Economics; Business Or Company Management; Business Strategy; network Effects; Online Technology; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R., Geoffrey Parker, and Marshall Van Alstyne. "Platform Envelopment." Strategic Management Journal 32, no. 12 (December 2011): 1270–1285.
      • January 2010 (Revised May 2012)
      • Case

      TopCoder (A): Developing Software through Crowdsourcing

      By: Karim R. Lakhani, David A. Garvin and Eric Lonstein
      TopCoder's crowdsourcing-based business model, in which software is developed through online tournaments, is presented. The case highlights how TopCoder has created a unique two-sided innovation platform consisting of a global community of over 225,000 developers who...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Innovation And Invention; two-sided Platforms; Motivation And Incentives; Social And Collaborative networks; Competition; Software; Technology Industry
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      Lakhani, Karim R., David A. Garvin, and Eric Lonstein. "TopCoder (A): Developing Software through Crowdsourcing." Harvard Business School Case 610-032, January 2010. (Revised May 2012.)
      • April 2009 (Revised November 2012)
      • Case

      Sermo, Inc.

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Lars Peter Christian Nielsen
      Sermo operates the leading online professional network for physicians in the United States. Doctors use Sermo free of charge to post surveys regarding diagnostic and treatment concerns and to discuss these concerns, as well as challenges with managing their practices....  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Health Care And Treatment; Knowledge Sharing; two-sided Platforms; Conflict And Resolution; Social And Collaborative networks; United States
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Lars Peter Christian Nielsen. "Sermo, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 809-142, April 2009. (Revised November 2012.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Platform Competition, Compatibility, and Social Efficiency

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Francisco Ruiz-Aliseda
      Katz and Shapiro (1985) study systems compatibility in settings with one-sided plat- forms and direct network effects. We consider systems compatibility in settings with two-sided platforms and indirect network effects to develop an explanation why markets with...  View Details
      Keywords: network Effects; One-sided Platforms; two-sided Platforms; Competition
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Francisco Ruiz-Aliseda. "Platform Competition, Compatibility, and Social Efficiency." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-058, October 2008. (Revised November 2009.)
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