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      • Faculty Publications  (25)

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Omnia Juncta in Uno: Foreign Powers and Trademark Protection in Shanghai's Concession Era

      By: Laura Alfaro, Cathy Bao, Maggie X. Chen, Junjie Hong and Claudia Steinwender
      We investigate how firms and markets adapt to trademark protection, an extensively used but under-examined form of IP protection to address asymmetric information, by exploring a historical precedent: China’s trademark law of 1923. Exploiting unique, newly...  View Details
      Keywords: Trademark; Firm Dynamics; Intermediaries; Intellectual Property Institutions; Trademarks; Intellectual Property; Laws and Statutes; Outcome or Result; Organizational Change and Adaptation; China
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      Alfaro, Laura, Cathy Bao, Maggie X. Chen, Junjie Hong, and Claudia Steinwender. "Omnia Juncta in Uno: Foreign Powers and Trademark Protection in Shanghai's Concession Era." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-030, November 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • April 2021
      • Article

      Work-From-Anywhere: The Productivity Effects of Geographical Flexibility

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Cirrus Foroughi and Barbara Larson
      An emerging form of remote work allows employees to work-from-anywhere, so that the worker can choose to live in a preferred geographic location. While traditional work-from-home (WFH) programs offer the worker temporal flexibility, work-from-anywhere (WFA) programs...  View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Flexibility; Work-from-anywhere; Remote Work; Telecommuting; Geographic Mobility; USPTO; Employees; Geographic Location; Performance Productivity
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Cirrus Foroughi, and Barbara Larson. "Work-From-Anywhere: The Productivity Effects of Geographical Flexibility." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 4 (April 2021): 655–683.
      • November–December 2020
      • Article

      Our Work-from-Anywhere Future

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury
      The pandemic has hastened a rise in remote working for knowledge-based organizations. This has notable benefits: Companies can save on real estate costs, hire and utilize talent globally, mitigate immigration issues, and experience productivity gains, while workers can...  View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; Best Practices; Employment; Health Pandemics; Geographic Location; Opportunities; Problems and Challenges
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "Our Work-from-Anywhere Future." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 6 (November–December 2020).
      • April 2018
      • Article

      Scope versus Speed: Team Diversity, Leader Experience, and Patenting Outcomes for Firms

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Martine R. Haas
      How does the organization of patenting activity affect a firm’s patenting outcomes? We investigate how the composition of patenting teams relates to both the scope of their patent applications and the speed of their patent approvals by examining the main effects of...  View Details
      Keywords: Leader Experience; Micro-foundations Of Innovation; Scope; Speed; Team Diversity; Within-firm Data; Groups and Teams; Diversity; Patents; Leadership; Experience and Expertise; Outcome or Result
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Martine R. Haas. "Scope versus Speed: Team Diversity, Leader Experience, and Patenting Outcomes for Firms." Strategic Management Journal 39, no. 4 (April 2018): 977–1002.
      • January 2018 (Revised February 2023)
      • Teaching Note

      The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury
      This teaching note pairs with the case entitled: “The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO” (case no. 617-027).  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Telework; Collaborating With Unions; Recruitment; Intellectual Property; Copyright; Patents; Trademarks; Knowledge Sharing; Technology Adoption; District of Columbia
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 618-035, January 2018. (Revised February 2023.)
      • Article

      Capturing Value from Intellectual Property (IP) in a Global Environment

      By: Juan Alcácer, Karin Beukel and Bruno Cassiman
      Globalization should provide firms with an opportunity to leverage their know-how and reputation across countries to create value. However, it remains challenging for them to actually capture that value using traditional Intellectual Property (IP) tools. In this paper,...  View Details
      Keywords: Appropriation Strategy; Counterfeit; Intellectual Property Rights; Litigation; Value Capturing; Intellectual Property; Rights; Value; Lawsuits and Litigation; Global Range; Situation or Environment
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      Alcácer, Juan, Karin Beukel, and Bruno Cassiman. "Capturing Value from Intellectual Property (IP) in a Global Environment." Special Issue on Geography, Location, and Strategy. Advances in Strategic Management 36 (2017): 163–228.
      • Article

      "Troll" Check? A Proposal for Administrative Review of Patent Litigation

      By: Lauren Cohen, John Golden, Umit Gurun and Scott Duke Kominers
      The patent system is commonly justified as a way to promote social welfare and, more specifically, technological progress. For years, however, there has been concern that patent litigation is undermining, rather than furthering, these goals. Particularly in the United...  View Details
      Keywords: Patent Trolls; Patents; Lawsuits and Litigation
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      Cohen, Lauren, John Golden, Umit Gurun, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Troll" Check? A Proposal for Administrative Review of Patent Litigation. Boston University Law Review 97, no. 5 (October 2017): 1775–1841.
      • July 2017
      • Article

      Intellectual Property Rights Protection, Ownership, and Innovation: Evidence from China

      By: Lily Fang, Josh Lerner and Chaopeng Wu
      Using a difference-in-difference approach, we study how intellectual property right (IPR) protection affects innovation in China in the years around the privatizations of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Innovation increases after SOE privatizations, and this increase...  View Details
      Keywords: Patents; Privatization; State Ownership; Trademarks; Copyright; Innovation and Invention; China
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      Fang, Lily, Josh Lerner, and Chaopeng Wu. "Intellectual Property Rights Protection, Ownership, and Innovation: Evidence from China." Review of Financial Studies 30, no. 7 (July 2017): 2446–2477.
      • April 2017
      • Case

      The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna and Sarah Mehta
      The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is the federal government agency responsible for evaluating and granting patents and trademarks. In 2015, the USPTO employed approximately 8,000 patent examiners who granted nearly 300,000 patents to inventors. As of April...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Telework; Collaborating With Unions; Human Resources; Recruitment; Retention; Intellectual Property; Copyright; Patents; Trademarks; Knowledge Sharing; Technology Adoption; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Productivity; Performance Improvement; District of Columbia
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, and Sarah Mehta. "The Future of Patent Examination at the USPTO." Harvard Business School Case 617-027, April 2017.
      • October 2016 (Revised September 2017)
      • Case

      The CRISPR-Cas9 Quarrel

      By: Richard G. Hamermesh and Matthew G. Preble
      In mid-2016, the Broad Institute and the University of California, Berkeley were in the middle of a contentious patent dispute over which entity controlled a breakthrough gene editing technology called CRISPR-Cas9. With CRISPR-Cas9, scientists might soon be able to...  View Details
      Keywords: CRISPR; Broad Institute; University Of California Berkeley; Intellectual Property; Patents; Law; Lawsuits and Litigation; Science; Genetics; Entrepreneurship; Biotechnology Industry; United States
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      Hamermesh, Richard G., and Matthew G. Preble. "The CRISPR-Cas9 Quarrel." Harvard Business School Case 817-020, October 2016. (Revised September 2017.)
      • 2015
      • Chapter

      Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy

      By: Ramana Nanda, Ken Younge and Lee Fleming
      We document three facts related to innovation and entrepreneurship in renewable energy. Using data from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, we first show that patenting in renewable energy remains highly concentrated in a few large energy firms. In 2009, the top 20...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Management; Energy; Finance; Entrepreneurship; Energy Industry
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      Nanda, Ramana, Ken Younge, and Lee Fleming. "Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy." Chap. 7 in The Changing Frontier: Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy, edited by Adam Jaffe and Benjamin Jones, 199–232. University of Chicago Press, 2015.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Information Provision and Innovation: Natural Experiment of Herbal Patent Prior Art Adoption at the United States and European Patent Offices

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
      We exploit a natural experiment to study how codifying information about prior innovation affects subsequent innovation. A codified database of traditional Indian herbal formulations was adopted by the European Patent Office (EPO) and the U.S. Patent and Trademark...  View Details
      Keywords: Patents; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Ethnicity; Health Care and Treatment; Pharmaceutical Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; China; India
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Tarun Khanna. "Information Provision and Innovation: Natural Experiment of Herbal Patent Prior Art Adoption at the United States and European Patent Offices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-079, February 2014. (Revised January 2018.)
      • March 2012
      • Article

      Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Christina Lubinski
      This article is concerned with business strategies of political risk management during the twentieth century. It focuses especially on Beiersdorf, a pharmaceutical and skin care company in Germany. During World War I, the expropriation of its brands and trademarks...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Strategy; Government and Politics; Risk Management; Brands and Branding; Problems and Challenges; Communication Technology; Cost; Trademarks; Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry; Germany
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Christina Lubinski. "Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990." Enterprise & Society 13, no. 1 (March 2012): 85–119.
      • January 2012
      • Case

      Calvin Klein and Warnaco Group: Negotiating a Trademark License

      By: Susan Fournier, Felix Oberholzer-Gee, William W. Fisher III and Robert Mnookin
      Keywords: Trademarks; Negotiation; Apparel and Accessories Industry
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      Fournier, Susan, Felix Oberholzer-Gee, William W. Fisher III, and Robert Mnookin. "Calvin Klein and Warnaco Group: Negotiating a Trademark License." Harvard Business School Case 712-458, January 2012.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Christina Lubinski
      This working paper examines corporate strategies of political risk management during the twentieth century. It focuses especially on Beiersdorf, a German-based pharmaceutical and skin care company. During World War I the expropriation of its brands and trademarks...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Risk Management; Business History; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Strategy; Intellectual Property; Cooperation; Business and Government Relations; Germany
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Christina Lubinski. "Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-003, July 2011.
      • October 2010
      • Case

      Narragansett Brewing Company

      By: Tom Nicholas, Lindsey Marshall and Charles Anthony Miller
      Mark Hellendrung, CEO of Narragansett Brewing Company, is deciding whether to partner with a local television station for the upcoming NHL Winter Classic outdoor hockey game between New England's own Boston Bruins and the Philadelphia Flyers at Fenway Park. He had...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Business Strategy; Sports; Financial Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Investment; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, Lindsey Marshall, and Charles Anthony Miller. "Narragansett Brewing Company." Harvard Business School Case 811-028, October 2010.
      • March 2009
      • Article

      Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis

      By: Juan Alcacer, Michelle Gittelman and Bhaven Sampat
      Prior art patent citations have become a popular measure of patent quality and knowledge flow between firms. Interpreting these measurements is complicated, in some cases, because prior art citations are added by patent examiners as well as by patent applicants. The...  View Details
      Keywords: Citations; Patents; Knowledge Sharing; Measurement and Metrics; Quality; United States
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      Alcacer, Juan, Michelle Gittelman, and Bhaven Sampat. "Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis." Research Policy 38, no. 2 (March 2009): 415–427.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis

      By: Juan Alcacer, Michelle Gittelman and Bhaven Sampat
      Researchers studying innovation increasingly use indicators based on patent citations. However, it is well known that not all citations originate from applicants—patent examiners contribute to citations listed in issued patents—and that this could complicate...  View Details
      Keywords: Citations; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Research; United States
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      Alcacer, Juan, Michelle Gittelman, and Bhaven Sampat. "Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-016, August 2008.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      The Ethnic Composition of U.S. Inventors

      By: William R. Kerr
      The ethnic composition of US scientists and engineers is undergoing a significant transformation. This study applies an ethnic-name database to individual patent records granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office to document these trends with greater...  View Details
      Keywords: Inventors; Scientists; Engineers; Information Technology; Patents; Ethnicity; Innovation and Invention; Research and Development; Immigration; China; United States; India
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      Kerr, William R. "The Ethnic Composition of U.S. Inventors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-006, May 2007. (Permanent working paper describing ethnic-name patenting data, revised December 2008.)
      • May 2004 (Revised April 2005)
      • Background Note

      Intellectual Property and Strategy

      By: David B. Yoffie and Deborah Freier
      Explores the role of intellectual property in firms' strategies. Explains the legal and strategic differences between patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets and explores the multiple ways firms use these different legal protections to gain competitive...  View Details
      Keywords: Copyright; Patents; Trademarks; Competitive Advantage; Value
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      Yoffie, David B., and Deborah Freier. "Intellectual Property and Strategy." Harvard Business School Background Note 704-493, May 2004. (Revised April 2005.)
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