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    • All HBS Web  (197)
      • Faculty Publications  (29)

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest

      By: Veli Andirin, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr and Jesse M. Shapiro
      We develop a measure of a regime's tolerance for an action by its citizens. We ground our measure in an economic model and apply it to the setting of political protest. In the model, a regime anticipating a protest can take a costly action to repress it. We define the...  View Details
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      Andirin, Veli, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30167, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Every order is a bargain with disappointments and trade-offs. Thus is every order an unstable equilibrium. The first era of globalization, circa 1870–1914, created both international prosperity and domestic instability. That instability was fully realized during the...  View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Policy; Economic Systems; Balance and Stability; Europe; European Union; United States
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization." In The Downfall of the American Order? edited by Peter J. Katzenstein and Jonathan Kirshner, 105–123. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2022.
      • Article

      Managing a Polarized Workforce: How to Foster Debate and Promote Trust

      By: Julia A. Minson and Francesca Gino
      One of the toughest challenges leaders face is managing diverse perspectives—and given heightened tensions over politics and movements such as #MeToo and Black Lives Matter, that’s more difficult today than ever before. At the same time, productive disagreement and...  View Details
      Keywords: Polarization; Employees; Perspective; Interpersonal Communication; Organizational Culture; Trust
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      Minson, Julia A., and Francesca Gino. "Managing a Polarized Workforce: How to Foster Debate and Promote Trust." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 2 (March–April 2022): 63–71.
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Saham Group: It's In the Genes

      By: Christina R. Wing and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in August 2020 as Moulay Mhamed Elalamy (Mhamed), CEO of the Saham Group (the Group), a pan-African investment company that operates a variety of businesses out of Morocco, contemplates the Group’s identity, its investment strategy, and how to navigate...  View Details
      Keywords: Family and Family Relationships; Family Business; For-Profit Firms; Transformation; Transition; Emerging Markets; Change Management; Private Equity; Investment; Strategy; Insurance Industry; Real Estate Industry; Education Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Morocco; Africa
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      Wing, Christina R., and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Saham Group: It's In the Genes." Harvard Business School Case 621-069, January 2021.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Every order is a bargain with disappointments and trade-offs. Thus is every order an unstable equilibrium. The first era of globalization, circa 1870–1914, created both international prosperity and domestic instability. That instability was fully realized during the...  View Details
      Keywords: Centrism; Populism; Globalization; History; Balance and Stability; Economic Systems; Government and Politics; Learning
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-008, July 2020.
      • Article

      Risk Attitudes and Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs and Venture Team Members

      By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr and Margaret Dalton
      Personality distinctions between entrepreneurs, nonfounder CEOs/leaders, and inventor employees have received limited attention, especially in innovative settings where they are working together. We surveyed these groups, along with other employees of innovative firms,...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurs; Inventors; Innovation; Risk; Personal Characteristics; Innovation and Invention; Risk and Uncertainty; Attitudes
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      Kerr, Sari Pekkala, William R. Kerr, and Margaret Dalton. "Risk Attitudes and Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs and Venture Team Members." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 36 (September 3, 2019): 17712–17716.
      • June 2019
      • Supplement

      Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk; Risk Tolerance Exercise

      By: Shikhar Ghosh
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      Ghosh, Shikhar. "Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk; Risk Tolerance Exercise." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 819-704, June 2019.
      • 2019
      • Book

      Love Your Enemies: How Decent People Can Save America from the Culture of Contempt

      By: Arthur C. Brooks
      To get ahead today, you have to be a jerk, right?

      Divisive politicians. Screaming heads on television. Angry campus activists. Twitter trolls. Today in America, there is an “outrage industrial complex” that prospers by setting American against...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Participation; Political Culture; Moral Sensibility; Government and Politics; Society; United States
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      Brooks, Arthur C. Love Your Enemies: How Decent People Can Save America from the Culture of Contempt. New York: Broadside Books, 2019. (National bestseller.)
      • February 2019
      • Article

      Pettiness in Social Exchange

      By: Tami Kim, Ting Zhang and Michael I. Norton
      We identify and document a novel construct—pettiness, or intentional attentiveness to trivial details—and examine its (negative) implications in interpersonal relationships and social exchange. Seven studies show that pettiness manifests across different types of...  View Details
      Keywords: Relationships; Personal Characteristics; Perception; Societal Protocols
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      Kim, Tami, Ting Zhang, and Michael I. Norton. "Pettiness in Social Exchange." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 148, no. 2 (February 2019): 361–373.
      • January–February 2019
      • Article

      The Hard Truth About Innovative Cultures

      By: Gary P. Pisano
      Innovative cultures are generally depicted as pretty fun. They’re characterized by a tolerance for failure and a willingness to experiment. They’re seen as being psychologically safe, highly collaborative, and nonhierarchical. And research suggests that these behaviors...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Innovation and Invention; Performance Expectations; Leadership
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      Pisano, Gary P. "The Hard Truth About Innovative Cultures." Harvard Business Review 97, no. 1 (January–February 2019): 62–71.
      • December 2018 (Revised August 2019)
      • Case

      Super Bowl Storytelling

      By: Shelle Santana and Jill Avery
      The one day a year when consumers not only tolerate but actually eagerly anticipate ads is during the NFL's Super Bowl. In sharp contrast to their behavior on the other 364 days of the year, consumers watch an average of 89 commercials per Super Bowl game for an...  View Details
      Keywords: Television Advertising; Entertainment; Brand Management; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications; Advertising; Television Entertainment; Brands and Branding; Media; Cost vs Benefits; Advertising Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Sports Industry; United States; North America
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      Santana, Shelle, and Jill Avery. "Super Bowl Storytelling." Harvard Business School Case 519-041, December 2018. (Revised August 2019.)
      • 2017
      • Chapter

      Innovation Policies

      By: Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf
      Past work has shown that failure tolerance by principals has the potential to stimulate innovation, but has not examined how this affects which projects principals will start. We demonstrate that failure tolerance has an equilibrium price – in terms of an investor’s...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Investing; Abandonment Option; Failure Tolerance; Innovation and Invention; Venture Capital; Attitudes; Investment; Failure
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "Innovation Policies." In Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Platforms. Vol. 37, edited by Jeffrey Furman, Annabelle Gawer, Brian Silverman, and Scott Stern, 37–80. Advances in Strategic Management. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017.
      • Article

      Statistical Physics of Human Cooperation

      By: Matjaž Perc, Jillian J. Jordan, David G. Rand, Zhen Wang, Stefano Boccaletti and Attila Szolnoki
      Extensive cooperation among unrelated individuals is unique to humans, who often sacrifice personal benefits for the common good and work together to achieve what they are unable to execute alone. The evolutionary success of our species is indeed due, to a large...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Cooperation; Evolutionary Game Theory; Public Goods; Reward; Punishment; Tolerance; Self-organization; Pattern Formation; Cooperation; Behavior; Game Theory
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      Perc, Matjaž, Jillian J. Jordan, David G. Rand, Zhen Wang, Stefano Boccaletti, and Attila Szolnoki. "Statistical Physics of Human Cooperation." Physics Reports 687 (May 8, 2017): 1–51.
      • January–February 2017
      • Article

      Buying Your Way into Entrepreneurship

      By: Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
      An increasingly popular route to success as a small business owner is “acquisition entrepreneurship”—buying and running an existing operation. If you’re considering such a path, the authors offer practical advice for each stage of the process. Think it through. Do you...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Acquisition; Planning
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      Ruback, Richard S., and Royce Yudkoff. "Buying Your Way into Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 1 (January–February 2017): 149–153.
      • October 2016
      • Case

      Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Sarah Mehta
      The case is used to illustrate the place of ‘Purpose’ versus financial risk and returns in a founder’s objectives. It also addresses personal risk profile of different founders, and when paired with the Risk Tolerance Exercise, it enables evaluating one’s own appetite...  View Details
      Keywords: Electric Vehicle; Solar Power; Vision; Trade-offs; Leadership; Mission and Purpose; Risk and Uncertainty; Entrepreneurship; Failure; United States; North America
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Sarah Mehta. "Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk." Harvard Business School Case 817-040, October 2016.
      • Article

      Crowdsourcing City Government: Using Tournaments to Improve Inspection Accuracy

      By: Edward Glaeser, Andrew Hillis, Scott Duke Kominers and Michael Luca
      The proliferation of big data makes it possible to better target city services like hygiene inspections, but city governments rarely have the in-house talent needed for developing prediction algorithms. Cities could hire consultants, but a cheaper alternative is to...  View Details
      Keywords: User-generated Content; Operations; Tournaments; Policy-making; Machine Learning; Online Platforms; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods; City; Infrastructure; Business Processes; Government and Politics
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      Glaeser, Edward, Andrew Hillis, Scott Duke Kominers, and Michael Luca. "Crowdsourcing City Government: Using Tournaments to Improve Inspection Accuracy." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 106, no. 5 (May 2016): 114–118.
      • 2016
      • Chapter

      Financing Entrepreneurial Experimentation

      By: Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf
      Keywords: Innovation; Investing; Abandonment Option; Failure Tolerance; Risk and Uncertainty; Technological Innovation; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "Financing Entrepreneurial Experimentation." Chap. 1 in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 16, edited by William R. Kerr, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern, 1–23. National Bureau of Economic Research, and University of Chicago Press, 2016.
      • Article

      The Allure of Unknown Outcomes: Exploring the Role of Uncertainty in the Preference for Potential

      By: Daniella Kupor, Zakary L. Tormala and Michael I. Norton
      Influence practitioners often highlight a target's achievements (e.g., "she is the city's top-rated chef"), but recent research reveals that highlighting a target's potential (e.g., "she could become the city's top-rated chef") can be more effective. We examine whether...  View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Forecasting and Prediction; Performance Evaluation
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      Kupor, Daniella, Zakary L. Tormala, and Michael I. Norton. "The Allure of Unknown Outcomes: Exploring the Role of Uncertainty in the Preference for Potential." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 55 (November 2014): 210–216.
      • August 2014
      • Article

      Mortgage Convexity

      By: Samuel G. Hanson
      Most home mortgages in the United States are fixed-rate loans with an embedded prepayment option. When long-term rates decline, the effective duration of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) falls due to heightened refinancing expectations. I show that these changes in MBS...  View Details
      Keywords: Mortgages; Interest Rates; Volatility
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      Hanson, Samuel G. "Mortgage Convexity." Journal of Financial Economics 113, no. 2 (August 2014): 270–299. (Internet Appendix Here.)
      • October 2013
      • Article

      Corporate Venturing

      By: Josh Lerner
      For decades, large companies have been wary of corporate venturing. But as R&D organizations face pressure to rein in costs and produce results, companies are investing in promising start-ups to gain knowledge and agility. The logic of corporate venturing is...  View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Knowledge Acquisition; Corporate Strategy; Research and Development; Business Startups; Innovation and Invention
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      Lerner, Josh. "Corporate Venturing." Harvard Business Review 91, no. 10 (October 2013): 86–94.
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