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- 2022
- Article
Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics
By: Cheng Gao and Rory McDonald
In nascent industries—whose new technologies are often poorly understood
by regulators—contending with regulatory uncertainty can be crucial to organizational survival and growth. Prior research on nonmarket strategy has largely
focused on established firms in mature...
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Keywords:
Technological Change;
Innovation;
Qualitative Methods;
New Categories;
Entrepreneurship;
Technological Innovation;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Strategy
Gao, Cheng, and Rory McDonald. "Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics." Administrative Science Quarterly (2022): 1–53.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence
By: Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang and Ali Yurukoglu
Existing theories of media competition imply that advertisers will pay a lower price in equilibrium to reach consumers who multi-home across competing outlets. We generalize and extend this theoretical result and test it using data from television and social media...
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Gentzkow, Matthew, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang, and Ali Yurukoglu. "Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30278, July 2022.
- July 2022
- Article
The Passionate Pygmalion Effect: Passionate Employees Attain Better Outcomes in Part Because of More Preferential Treatment by Others
By: Ke Wang, Erica R. Bailey and Jon M. Jachimowicz
Employees are increasingly exhorted to “pursue their passion” at work. Inherent in this call is the belief that passion will produce higher performance because it promotes intrapersonal processes that propel employees forward. Here, we suggest that the pervasiveness of...
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Keywords:
Passion;
Self-fufilling Prophecy;
Lay Beliefs;
Interpersonal Processes;
Employees;
Performance;
Attitudes;
Organizational Culture;
Social Psychology
Wang, Ke, Erica R. Bailey, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "The Passionate Pygmalion Effect: Passionate Employees Attain Better Outcomes in Part Because of More Preferential Treatment by Others." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 101 (July 2022).
- July 2022
- Article
What Do I Make of the Rest of My Life? Global and Quotidian Life Construal across the Retirement Transition
By: Jeff Steiner and Teresa M. Amabile
Retirement means relinquishing the daily structure that work provides and the career-dependent meanings that it offers life narratives. The retirement transition can therefore involve contemplating both how to spend newly-freed daily time and the implications of...
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Keywords:
Retirement Transition;
Life Narrative;
Construal Level Theory;
Global Construal;
Quotidian Construal;
Meanings Of Work And Retirement;
Retirement;
Transition;
Perspective
Steiner, Jeff, and Teresa M. Amabile. "What Do I Make of the Rest of My Life? Global and Quotidian Life Construal across the Retirement Transition." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 171 (July 2022).
- 2022
- Working Paper
Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest
By: Veli Andirin, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr and Jesse M. Shapiro
We develop a measure of a regime's tolerance for an action by its citizens. We ground our measure in an economic model and apply it to the setting of political protest. In the model, a regime anticipating a protest can take a costly action to repress it. We define the...
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Keywords:
Political Protests;
Modeling And Analysis;
Government and Politics;
Conflict and Resolution
Andirin, Veli, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30167, June 2022.
- May 5, 2022
- Article
How to Build a Life: Ben Franklin’s Radical Theory of Happiness
By: Arthur C. Brooks
Brooks, Arthur C. "How to Build a Life: Ben Franklin’s Radical Theory of Happiness." The Atlantic (May 5, 2022).
- Article
How Much Should We Trust Staggered Difference-In-Differences Estimates?
By: Andrew C. Baker, David F. Larcker and Charles C.Y. Wang
Difference-in-differences analysis with staggered treatment timing is frequently used to assess the impact of policy changes on corporate outcomes in academic research. However, recent advances in econometric theory show that such designs are likely to be biased in the...
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Keywords:
Difference In Differences;
Staggered Difference-in-differences Designs;
Generalized Difference-in-differences;
Dynamic Treatment Effects;
Mathematical Methods
Baker, Andrew C., David F. Larcker, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "How Much Should We Trust Staggered Difference-In-Differences Estimates?" Journal of Financial Economics 144, no. 2 (May 2022): 370–395. (Editor's Choice, May 2022.)
- 2022
- Article
Probing GNN Explainers: A Rigorous Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of GNN Explanation Methods.
By: Chirag Agarwal, Marinka Zitnik and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly employed in real-world applications, it becomes critical to ensure that the stakeholders understand the rationale behind their predictions. While several GNN explanation methods have been proposed recently, there has...
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Keywords:
Graph Neural Networks;
Explanation Methods;
Mathematical Methods;
Framework;
Theory;
Analysis
Agarwal, Chirag, Marinka Zitnik, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Probing GNN Explainers: A Rigorous Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of GNN Explanation Methods." Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 25th (2022).
- April 27, 2022
- Article
Inequality in Researchers' Minds: Four Guiding Questions for Studying Subjective Perceptions of Economic Inequality
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Shai Davidai, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Barnabas Szaszi, Martin Day, Stephanie Tepper, L. Taylor Phillips, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva and Oliver P. Hauser
Subjective perceptions of inequality can substantially influence policy attitudes, public health metrics, and societal well-being, but the lack of consensus in the scientific community on how to best operationalize and measure these perceptions may impede progress on...
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Jachimowicz, Jon M., Shai Davidai, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Barnabas Szaszi, Martin Day, Stephanie Tepper, L. Taylor Phillips, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva, and Oliver P. Hauser. "Inequality in Researchers' Minds: Four Guiding Questions for Studying Subjective Perceptions of Economic Inequality." Journal of Economic Surveys (April 27, 2022).
- 2022
- Chapter
Prioritarianism and Optimal Taxation
By: Matti Tuomala and Matthew Weinzierl
Prioritarianism has been at the center of the formal approach to optimal tax theory since its modern starting point in Mirrlees (1971), but most theorists’ use of it is motivated by tractability rather than explicit normative reasoning. We characterize analytically and...
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Keywords:
Prioritarianism;
Optimal Taxation;
Utilitarianism;
Redistribution;
Inverse-optimum;
Taxation;
Theory;
Policy
Tuomala, Matti, and Matthew Weinzierl. "Prioritarianism and Optimal Taxation." In Prioritarianism in Practice, edited by Matthew Adler and Ole Norheim. Cambridge University Press, 2022. (Also published in HBR Insights, December 2020.)
- March 2022
- Article
Contractual Restrictions and Debt Traps
By: Ernest Liu and Benjamin N. Roth
Microcredit and other forms of small-scale finance have failed to catalyze entrepreneurship in developing countries. In these credit markets, borrowers and lenders often bargain over not only the interest rate but also implicit restrictions on types of investment. We...
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Liu, Ernest, and Benjamin N. Roth. "Contractual Restrictions and Debt Traps." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 3 (March 2022): 1141–1182.
- 2022
- Working Paper
High-Yield Debt Covenants and Their Real Effects
By: Falk Bräuning, Victoria Ivashina and Ali Ozdagli
High-yield debt including leveraged loans is characterized by incurrence financial covenants, or “cov-lite” provisions. A traditional loan agreement includes maintenance covenants, which require continuous compliance with the covenant threshold, and their violation...
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Bräuning, Falk, Victoria Ivashina, and Ali Ozdagli. "High-Yield Debt Covenants and Their Real Effects." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29888, March 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Investing in the Next Generation: The Long-Run Impacts of a Liquidity Shock
By: Patrick Agte, Arielle Bernhardt, Erica M. Field, Rohini Pande and Natalia Rigol
How do poor entrepreneurs trade off investments in business enterprises versus children's human capital, and how do these choices influence intergenerational socio-economic mobility? To examine this, we exploit experimental variation in household income resulting from...
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Keywords:
Socio-economic Mobility;
Household;
Financial Liquidity;
Human Capital;
Investment;
Education
Agte, Patrick, Arielle Bernhardt, Erica M. Field, Rohini Pande, and Natalia Rigol. "Investing in the Next Generation: The Long-Run Impacts of a Liquidity Shock." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29816, March 2022.
- March 2022
- Article
Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel
By: Victoria Ivashina, Luc Laeven and Enrique Moral-Benito
Using credit-registry data for Spain and Peru, we document that four main types of commercial credit—asset-based loans, cash flow loans, trade finance and leasing—are easily identifiable and represent the bulk of corporate credit. We show that credit growth dynamics...
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Keywords:
Bank Credit;
Loan Types;
Bank Lending Channel;
Credit Registry;
Banks and Banking;
Credit;
Financing and Loans
Ivashina, Victoria, Luc Laeven, and Enrique Moral-Benito. "Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel." Journal of Monetary Economics 126 (March 2022): 171–187.
- February 2022
- Case
Business Roundtable 2019 Statement: A New Paradigm or Business as Usual?
By: Charles C.Y. Wang and Amram Migdal
This note focuses on the antecedents of, reactions to, and clarifications about The Business Roundtable’s August 19, 2019, “Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation.” The note includes background information on corporate governance as practiced in the United States in...
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Keywords:
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Governance;
Business History;
Mission and Purpose;
Agency Theory;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
United States
Wang, Charles C.Y., and Amram Migdal. "Business Roundtable 2019 Statement: A New Paradigm or Business as Usual?" Harvard Business School Case 122-023, February 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Excess Reconstitution-Day Volume
By: Alex Chinco and Marco Sammon
FTSE/Russell reconstitutes its Russell 1000 and 2000 indexes on the last Friday of June each year, and it announces which stocks will switch indexes roughly two weeks in advance. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) must do all of their rebalancing on Russell’s reconstitution...
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Keywords:
Indexing;
Passive Investing;
Exchange-traded Funds (ETFs);
Russell Reconstitution Day;
Trading Volume;
Information-based Asset Pricing;
Investment;
Investment Funds;
Asset Pricing
Chinco, Alex, and Marco Sammon. "Excess Reconstitution-Day Volume." Working Paper, February 2022.
- 2022
- Chapter
Key Success Factors in Environmental Entrepreneurship: The Case of Wilderness Safaris
By: James E. Austin, Megan Epler Woods and Herman B. Leonard
Book abstract: This volume is the culmination of many discussions among the editors over the years, especially at the Sustainability, Ethics and Entrepreneurship (SEE) Conference, related to the growth and institutionalization of environmental and social...
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Austin, James E., Megan Epler Woods, and Herman B. Leonard. "Key Success Factors in Environmental Entrepreneurship: The Case of Wilderness Safaris." Chap. 7 in World Scientific Encyclopedia of Business Sustainability, Ethics, and Entrepreneurship, Volume 1: Environmental and Social Entrepreneurship, edited by Peter Gianiodis, Maritza I. Espina, and William R. Meek. World Scientific Publishing, 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Passive Ownership and Price Informativeness
By: Marco Sammon
I propose three new empirical measures of price informativeness motivated by a theoretical model. I find average price informativeness declined over the past 30 years and passive ownership is negatively correlated with price informativeness. To establish causality, I...
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Keywords:
Passive Ownership;
ETFs;
Market Efficiency;
Ownership;
Price;
Theory;
Measurement and Metrics
Sammon, Marco. "Passive Ownership and Price Informativeness." Working Paper, February 2022.
- January 2022 (Revised February 2022)
- Case
Envision Group
By: Gunnar Trumbull, Bonnie Yining Cao and Dawn H. Lau
Based in China, Envision was one of the world’s leading Greentech companies. Chief Executive Officer Lei Zhang had set the goal of achieving carbon neutrality across the company’s global operations and supply chain by 2022 and 2028 respectively. As part of its...
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Keywords:
Green Technology;
Climate Change;
Emerging Markets;
Information Technology;
Strategy;
Management;
Renewable Energy;
Energy Policy;
Environmental Sustainability;
Manufacturing Industry;
Auto Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Battery Industry;
China;
United States;
Japan;
United Kingdom;
France
Trumbull, Gunnar, Bonnie Yining Cao, and Dawn H. Lau. "Envision Group." Harvard Business School Case 722-045, January 2022. (Revised February 2022.)
- January 2022
- Background Note
Residual Income Valuation Model
By: Charles C.Y. Wang and Albert Shin
This note explains the residual income valuation model (RIM), how it relates to "traditional" valuation models, the intuition behind its use, and empirical research related to its value relevance. RIM is theoretically equivalent to the dividend discount model and the...
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Keywords:
Residual Income Valuation;
Valuation;
Research;
Theory;
Measurement and Metrics;
Performance;
Financial Management;
Business Strategy
Wang, Charles C.Y., and Albert Shin. "Residual Income Valuation Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 122-070, January 2022.