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- 2010
- Working Paper
The Architecture of Complex Systems: Do Core-periphery Structures Dominate?
By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak
Any complex technological system can be decomposed into a number of subsystems and associated components, some of which are core to system function while others are only peripheral. The dynamics of how such "core-periphery" structures evolve and become embedded in a... View Details
Keywords:
Innovation and Management;
Product Design;
Practice;
Core Relationships;
Software;
Information Technology Industry
MacCormack, Alan, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and John Rusnak. "The Architecture of Complex Systems: Do Core-periphery Structures Dominate?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-059, January 2010.
- 2008
- Working Paper
The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard
The central role of "platform" products and services in mediating the activities of disaggregated "clusters" or "ecosystems" of firms has been widely recognized. But platforms and the systems in which they are embedded are very diverse. In particular, platforms may...
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Keywords:
Digital Platforms;
Industry Clusters;
Infrastructure;
Information Infrastructure;
Digital Platforms
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and C. Jason Woodard. "The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-034, September 2008.
- 2008
- Working Paper
Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis
By: Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin
A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that this organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are...
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Keywords:
Open Source Distribution;
Product Design;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Performance Effectiveness;
Information Technology Industry
MacCormack, Alan D., John Rusnak, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-039, March 2008. (Revised October 2008, January 2011.)
- Article
How to Capture Value from Innovation: Shaping Intellectual Property and Industry Architecture
By: Gary P. Pisano and David J. Teece
Capturing value from innovation requires innovators to figure out how to blunt inroads into the profit stream by imitators, customers, suppliers, and other providers of complementary products and services. In making strategic decisions around technology...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
Intellectual Property;
Knowledge Management;
Knowledge Sharing;
Industry Structures;
Standards;
Commercialization;
Value
Pisano, Gary P., and David J. Teece. "How to Capture Value from Innovation: Shaping Intellectual Property and Industry Architecture." Special Issue on Leading Through Innovation (50th Anniversary Issue). California Management Review 50, no. 1 (Fall 2007): 278–296.
- June 2007 (Revised April 2009)
- Case
Intel 2006: Rising to the Graphics Challenge
By: Willy C. Shih and Elie Ofek
Examines the evolution of the PC hardware industry over the span of two and a half decades. The open architecture design of the IBM Personal Computer followed by the rapid appearance of clones drove a high level of standardization and modularity in the industry, and...
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Keywords:
History;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Information Infrastructure;
Competitive Strategy;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Technology Industry
Shih, Willy C., and Elie Ofek. "Intel 2006: Rising to the Graphics Challenge." Harvard Business School Case 607-136, June 2007. (Revised April 2009.)
- July 2006
- Article
The Architecture of Participation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Kim B. Clark. "The Architecture of Participation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?" Management Science 52, no. 7 (July 2006).
- 5 Nov 2005 - 8 Nov 2005
- Conference Presentation
Exploring the Architecture of Complex Software Products
By: Alan MacCormack
- January 2004
- Background Note
Beyond the IT Monolith
By: Marco Iansiti and Gregg Rotenberg
Leading companies are employing a radical new approach to IT--an approach that points the way to a new model of software architecture and deployment. These companies' successes seem to indicate that the problems IT critics have correctly identified are not, in fact,...
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- April 1999
- Case
Inktomi: Scaling the Internet
By: Marco Iansiti, Myra M. Hart and Richard Bergin
Presents the early months of Inktomi, a company that invented the world's first truly scalable architecture for the Internet. This core technology provides a platform for a variety of innovative applications. The company must decide the direction it wants to take.
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Iansiti, Marco, Myra M. Hart, and Richard Bergin. "Inktomi: Scaling the Internet." Harvard Business School Case 699-156, April 1999.
- September 1998 (Revised March 1999)
- Case
Sun Microsystems and the N-tier Architecture
By: Richard L. Nolan and Kelley Porter
Sun Microsystems is a pioneer in networking computing. Sun's servers maintain a large market share and are considered highly scaleable. The case describes the n-tier architecture for building and managing large networks in which thousands of workers and customers are...
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Keywords:
Information Infrastructure;
Information Technology;
Technological Innovation;
Business Strategy;
Innovation Strategy;
Information Technology Industry
Nolan, Richard L., and Kelley Porter. "Sun Microsystems and the N-tier Architecture." Harvard Business School Case 399-037, September 1998. (Revised March 1999.)
- August 1995
- Case
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.: IT Organization and Architecture Challenges
By: Richard L. Nolan
Presents the outcome of Air Products ICON decentralization projects. New issues are explored, including the challenges of having a decentralized MIS staff, global network, client/server architecture, new data center issues, outsourcing, a new highly strategic customer...
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Keywords:
Information Technology;
Information Infrastructure;
Applications and Software;
Organizational Design;
Problems and Challenges
Nolan, Richard L. "Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.: IT Organization and Architecture Challenges." Harvard Business School Case 196-017, August 1995.
- August 1995 (Revised September 1995)
- Background Note
Designing and Managing the Information Age IT Architecture
The co-evolution of technology, work, and the workforce over the past 30 years has dramatically influenced our concept of organizations and the industries within which they compete. No longer simply a tool to support "back-office" transactions, IT has become a...
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Applegate, Lynda M. "Designing and Managing the Information Age IT Architecture." Harvard Business School Background Note 196-005, August 1995. (Revised September 1995.)
- August 1995
- Background Note
Managing in an Information Age: IT Challenges and Opportunities
The co-evolution of technology, work, and the workforce over the past 30 years has dramatically influenced our concept of organizations and the industries within which they compete. No longer simply a tool to support "back-office" transactions, IT has become a...
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Keywords:
Information Technology;
Information Management;
Restructuring;
Technological Innovation;
Corporate Strategy;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Information Technology Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Managing in an Information Age: IT Challenges and Opportunities." Harvard Business School Background Note 196-004, August 1995.
- August 1995 (Revised August 1995)
- Case
CIGNA Property and Casualty Reengineering (A)
By: Richard L. Nolan, Donna B. Stoddard, Chiara Francalanci and Elise C Martin
Reengineering was introduced at CIGNA Corp. in 1988. CIGNA entered a second wave reengineering effort through a major project at CIGNA P&C, one of CIGNA's larger businesses. P&C was in financial crisis and as a result brought in a new executive team in 1991 to head the...
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Keywords:
Transformation;
Cost vs Benefits;
Design;
Growth and Development;
Analytics and Data Science;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Balanced Scorecard;
Financial Crisis;
Crisis Management;
Projects;
Information Technology;
Insurance Industry
Nolan, Richard L., Donna B. Stoddard, Chiara Francalanci, and Elise C Martin. "CIGNA Property and Casualty Reengineering (A)." Harvard Business School Case 196-059, August 1995. (Revised August 1995.)
- April 1993 (Revised December 2001)
- Case
General Dynamics and Computer Sciences Corporation: Outsourcing the IS Function (C)
By: F. Warren McFarlan and Katherine Seger
Outlines the full architecture of an outsourcing agreement and allows the class to discuss what should and should not be in such agreements.
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McFarlan, F. Warren, and Katherine Seger. "General Dynamics and Computer Sciences Corporation: Outsourcing the IS Function (C)." Harvard Business School Case 193-146, April 1993. (Revised December 2001.)
- 1992
- Chapter
Technological Change and The Management of Architectural Knowledge
Henderson, Rebecca M. "Technological Change and The Management of Architectural Knowledge." In Transforming Organizations, edited by Thomas Kochan and Michael Useem. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. (Reprinted in Organizational Learning, edited by Michael D. Cohen and Lee S. Sproull, Calif.: Sage Publications Inc., 1996.)
- March 1990
- Article
Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and The Failure of Established Firms
By: Rebecca M. Henderson and Kim B. Clark
Keywords:
Design;
Innovation and Invention;
Product;
Information Technology;
Failure;
Business Ventures
Henderson, Rebecca M., and Kim B. Clark. "Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and The Failure of Established Firms." Administrative Science Quarterly 35, no. 1 (March 1990): 9–30. (Reprinted in The Management of Innovation, edited by John Storey, London: Elgar, 2004; Managing Strategic Innovation and Change, edited by M.Tushman and P. Anderson, Oxford University Press, 2004; and in Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, edited by Robert Burgelman, Clayton Christensen and Steven Wheelwright. Oxford University Press, 2004. Translated into Chinese for inclusion in an ASQ sponsored collection of "best papers" in 2005.)
- March 1990
- Article
Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms
By: R. Henderson and K. B. Clark
Henderson, R., and K. B. Clark. "Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms." Administrative Science Quarterly 35, no. 1 (March 1990): 9–30.
- December 1989 (Revised February 1993)
- Case
Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (C)
In 1989, Frito-Lay designed an information technology infrastructure to support time-based competition and organizational restructuring. The company planned to provide timely flexible information to all major decision makers at all levels. This case describes the...
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Keywords:
Design;
Information Technology;
Information Infrastructure;
Competitive Strategy;
Time Management;
Organizational Structure;
Information Management;
Strategic Planning;
Performance Effectiveness;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Manufacturing Industry
Applegate, Lynda M. "Frito-Lay, Inc.: A Strategic Transition (C)." Harvard Business School Case 190-071, December 1989. (Revised February 1993.)