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- November 2022
- Case
Replika AI: Monetizing a Chatbot
By: Julian De Freitas and Nicole Tempest Keller
In early 2018, Eugenia Kuyda, co-founder and CEO of San Francisco-based chatbot Replika AI, was deciding how to monetize the app she had built. Launched in 2017, Replika was a consumer AI “companion app” developed by a team of AI software engineers originally based in...
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- November 2022
- Article
Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank
By: Mina Cikara, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
People are on the move in unprecedented numbers within and between countries. How does demographic change affect local intergroup dynamics? In complement to accounts that emphasize stereotypical features of groups as determinants of their treatment, we propose the...
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Keywords:
Prejudice;
Minority;
Hate Crimes;
Reference Dependence;
Prejudice and Bias;
Attitudes;
Demographics
- 2022
- Working Paper
When Less Is More: Using Short-term Signals to Overcome Systematic Bias in Long-run Targeting
By: Ta-Wei Huang and Eva Ascarza
Firms are increasingly interested in developing targeted interventions for customers with the best response. Doing so requires firms to identify differences in customer sensitivity, which they often obtain using uplift modeling (i.e., heterogeneous treatment effect...
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- October 2022
- Case
Lyra Health: Transforming Mental Health
By: Rembrand Koning and Nicole Keller
In January 2022, Lyra Health was deciding between several different alternatives to grow the business. Founded in 2015, Lyra Health, was a digital mental health platform that combined technology with human therapists and coaches to deliver high quality mental health...
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- October 2022
- Case
Sustainable Finance at Itau BBA
By: Georgios Serafeim, Maria Loumioti and Benjamin Maletta
As of August 2022, the Itau BBA had structured dozens of sustainability linked bonds, which made future interest payments a function of the borrower meeting a target for a sustainability metric, and had solidified its reputation as a pioneer of sustainable finance in...
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Keywords:
Sustainable Finance;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Environmental Sustainability;
Growth Strategy;
Debt Contracting;
Performance Metrics;
Risk Assessment;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Financial Instruments;
Risk Management;
Debt Securities;
Banking Industry;
Pulp and Paper Industry;
Latin America
- 2022
- Working Paper
The Gender Gap in Confidence: Expected But Not Accounted For
By: Christine L. Exley and Kirby Nielsen
We investigate how the gender gap in confidence affects the views that evaluators (e.g., employers) hold about men and women. If evaluators fail to account for the confidence gap, it may cause overly pessimistic views about women. Alternatively, if evaluators expect...
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Keywords:
Confidence;
Experiments;
Gender;
Perception;
Values and Beliefs;
Performance Evaluation;
Analysis
- September 2022
- Background Note
On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics
By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
Startups are often evaluated by how well they perform on unit economics, defined as the ratio of a customer’s lifetime value (LTV) to acquisition costs (CAC). A common target for unit economics, advocated by many VCs and analysts, is 3:1 (i.e., LTV/CAC=3). While there...
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- September 2022
- Case
AllSpice: GitHub for Hardware Engineers
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Mel Martin
AllSpice, a software-as-a-service company that built a GitHub-like revision control tool for hardware engineers, was in the midst of preparing for rapid scale when the 2022 market downturn left them with big decisions to make. Cofounder and CEO Valentina Ratner had to...
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- 2022
- Working Paper
Developing a Sustainable High Commitment, High Performance System of Organizing, Managing, and Leading: An Actionable Systems Theory of Change and Development
By: Michael Beer
This paper presents a theory for developing an adaptive high commitment, high performance system of organizing, managing, and leading. It is a synthesis of my 50 years of action and field research presented in my books and articles. It operationalized and makes...
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- 2022
- Working Paper
What Would It Mean for a Machine to Have a Self?
By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum and Tomer Ullman
What would it mean for autonomous AI agents to have a ‘self’? One proposal for a minimal
notion of self is a representation of one’s body spatio-temporally located in the world, with a tag
of that representation as the agent taking actions in the world. This turns...
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- 2022
- Chapter
Coordinating Marketing and Sales in B2B Organizations
This Handbook is targeted at academics and graduate students who want an overview of the academic state of the business-to-business marketing domain and at B2B practitioners who want to be aware of the current state of knowledge in their domains. This chapter examines...
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- 2022
- Article
Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response
By: Alexander MacKay and Samuel N. Weinstein
Pricing algorithms are rapidly transforming markets, from ride-sharing apps, to air travel, to online retail. Regulators and scholars have watched this development with a wary eye. Their focus so far has been on the potential for pricing algorithms to facilitate...
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Keywords:
Competition Policy;
Regulation;
Algorithmic Pricing;
Dynamic Pricing;
Economics;
Law And Economics;
Law And Regulation;
Consumer Protection;
Antitrust Law;
Industrial Organization;
Antitrust Issues And Policies;
Technological Change: Choices And Consequences;
Competition;
Policy;
Price;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Microeconomics;
Duopoly and Oligopoly;
Law
- 2022
- Article
Rapid Growth of Remote Patient Monitoring Is Driven by a Small Number of Primary Care Providers
By: Mitchell Tang, Ateev Mehrotra and Ariel Dora Stern
Growing enthusiasm for remote patient monitoring has been motivated by the hope that it can improve care for patients with poorly controlled chronic illness. In a national commercially insured population in the U.S., we found that billing for remote patient monitoring...
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- September–October 2022
- Article
The Essential Link Between ESG Targets and Financial Performance
By: Mark R. Kramer and Marc W. Pfitzer
Despite heightened attention to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, surprisingly few companies are making meaningful progress in delivering on their commitments. Most firms are not integrating ESG factors into internal strategy and operational decisions...
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- August 2022
- Background Note
Retail Media Networks
By: Eva Ascarza, Ayelet Israeli and Celine Chammas
In 2022, retail media was one of the fastest growing segments in digital advertising. A retail media network (RMN) allows a retailer to use its assets for advertising. Retailers set up an advertising business by allowing marketers to buy advertising space across their...
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Keywords:
Advertisers;
Advertising Media;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Retail;
Retail Analytics;
Retail Promotion;
Retailing;
Ecommerce;
E-Commerce Strategy;
E-commerce;
Marketing Communication;
Targeting;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Marketing;
Advertising;
Marketing;
Marketing Communications;
Marketing Strategy;
Brands and Branding;
Media;
Marketing Channels;
Retail Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Advertising Industry;
United States
- July 2022
- Article
Private Equity and COVID-19
By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
We survey more than 200 private equity (PE) managers from firms with $1.9 trillion of assets under management (AUM) about their portfolio performance, decisionmaking and activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that PE managers have significant incentives to...
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- May 2022 (Revised October 2022)
- Case
The Freedom Fund (A): Ending Modern Slavery
By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Courtney Han
The Freedom Fund founded in 2013 to end modern slavery had raised more than half its intended target (by 2025) of $200 million. In 2021, impressed by its decentralized-partnering style of operations, philanthropist MacKenzie Scott awarded the Fund a gift of $35 million...
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- 2022
- Working Paper
Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register
By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia and Camelia Minoiu
We examine the consequences of monetary policy on racial disparities, focusing on the role of bank lending to firms through collateral and selection channels. Leveraging comprehensive loan-level data from the U.S. credit register (Y-14Q) of the Federal Reserve, we show...
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- April 2022
- Teaching Note
Banorte Móvil: Data-Driven Mobile Growth
By: Ayelet Israeli and Carla Larangeira
In mid-2019, Carlos Hank was deliberating over the results for Banorte Móvil—the mobile application for Banorte, Mexico’s most profitable and second-largest financial institution. Hank, who had been appointed as Banorte´s Chairman of the Board in January 2015, had...
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- April 2022
- Article
Going Out or Opting Out? Capital, Political Vulnerability, and the State in China's Outward Investment
By: Meg Rithmire
How do state-business relations interact with outward investment in authoritarian regimes? This paper examines this question in the context of China’s rapid transformation into a major capital exporter. While most political economy scholarship focuses on firms’...
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