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- March 2023
- Teaching Note
Ransomware Attack at Colonial Pipeline Company
By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan Ni
On the morning of May 7, 2021, Colonial Pipeline Company became aware that the company had been the victim of a malicious ransomware attack that had stolen and locked up company data. The extortionists demanded 75 bitcoins (worth about $4.4 million at the time) in...
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Keywords:
Disruption;
Communication;
Communication Strategy;
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Judgments;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Disclosure;
Corporate Governance;
Governance Controls;
Policy;
Employees;
News;
Cybersecurity;
Digital Strategy;
Information Infrastructure;
Information Management;
Internet and the Web;
Crisis Management;
Business or Company Management;
Resource Allocation;
Risk Management;
Negotiation Tactics;
Failure;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Perception;
Reputation;
Trust;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Infrastructure;
Distribution Industry;
United States;
Alabama
- March 2023
- Case
Ransomware Attack at Colonial Pipeline Company
By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan Ni
On the morning of May 7, 2021, Colonial Pipeline Company became aware that the company had been the victim of a malicious ransomware attack that had stolen and locked up company data. The extortionists demanded 75 bitcoins (worth about $4.4 million at the time) in...
View Details
Keywords:
Disruption;
Communication;
Communication Strategy;
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Judgments;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Disclosure;
Corporate Governance;
Governance Controls;
Policy;
Employees;
News;
Cybersecurity;
Digital Strategy;
Information Infrastructure;
Information Management;
Internet and the Web;
Crisis Management;
Business or Company Management;
Resource Allocation;
Risk Management;
Negotiation Tactics;
Failure;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Perception;
Reputation;
Trust;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Infrastructure;
Distribution Industry;
United States;
Alabama
- January 2023
- Case
Velong: Rethinking 'Made in China'
By: Krishna G. Palepu, Nancy Hua Dai and Billy Chan
Velong is a supplier of kitchen equipment and backyard grills for major global brands and store brands of large western retailers. In light of the COVID-related disruptions to the global supply chains, and the evolving trade tensions between China and the Western...
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Keywords:
Globalization;
Supply Chain Management;
Risk Management;
Manufacturing Industry;
China;
India;
Mexico;
Turkey;
Viet Nam
- November 15, 2022
- Article
What Really Makes Toyota’s Production System Resilient
By: Willy C. Shih
Toyota has fared better than many of its competitors in riding out the supply chain disruptions of recent years. But focusing on how Toyota had stockpiled semiconductors and the problems of other manufacturers, some observers jumped to the conclusion that the era of...
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Keywords:
Supplier Relationships;
Manufacturing;
Supply Chain;
Production;
Auto Industry;
United States;
Japan
- October 21, 2022
- Article
Climate Regulations Are About to Disrupt Global Shipping
By: Willy C. Shih
Ships that transport goods across oceans are collectively a major generator of greenhouse gases. Rules from the International Maritime Organization and the European Union aimed at curbing these emission promise to make transoceanic and regional shipping more expensive...
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- 2022
- Article
Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response
By: Alexander MacKay and Samuel N. Weinstein
Pricing algorithms are rapidly transforming markets, from ride-sharing apps, to air travel, to online retail. Regulators and scholars have watched this development with a wary eye. Their focus so far has been on the potential for pricing algorithms to facilitate...
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Keywords:
Competition Policy;
Regulation;
Algorithmic Pricing;
Dynamic Pricing;
Economics;
Law And Economics;
Law And Regulation;
Consumer Protection;
Antitrust Law;
Industrial Organization;
Antitrust Issues And Policies;
Technological Change: Choices And Consequences;
Competition;
Policy;
Price;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Microeconomics;
Duopoly and Oligopoly;
Law
- July 2022
- Teaching Note
The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth
By: Ayelet Israeli
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-055. When the mother-daughter founders of DivaCup set out with a mission to disrupt the menstrual care industry with an innovative product form, they initially struggled to gain legitimacy and convince retailers to carry their unique...
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Keywords:
Female;
Female Ceo;
Female Entrepreneur;
Female Protagonist;
Health ＆ Wellness;
Healthcare;
Price Policies;
Minimum Advertised Price;
Differentiation;
Positioning;
Growth;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Price;
Disruption;
Distribution;
Distribution Channels;
Competitive Strategy;
Competition;
Growth Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Product Development;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Advertising;
Business Startups;
Internet and the Web;
Entrepreneurship;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Social Issues;
Social Enterprise;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Canada;
United States;
United Kingdom
- June 2022 (Revised October 2022)
- Background Note
Digital Commerce and Delivery: Preparing Food and Retail Value Chains for a 50-50 World
By: William R. Kerr, Daniel O'Connor, Paige Boehmcke and Will Ensor
Increasing digitalization of grocery retail and quick commerce reveals insights about managing complex supply chains at scale and shifting revenue streams from product sales to data monetization. How are the roles of retailers changing? What happens if marginal cost...
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Keywords:
Grocery Delivery;
Grocery;
Digitalization;
Fulfillment;
Delivery;
Supply Chain;
Disruption;
Food;
Supply Chain Management;
Market Design;
Trends;
Value Creation;
Goods and Commodities;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Digital Transformation;
Retail Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
United States;
China
- June 9, 2023
- Article
A Radical Treatment for Insulin Pricing
By: Leemore S. Dafny
In 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first interchangeable biosimilar for long-acting insulin, which many hoped would be substantially cheaper than the reference branded product. I explain why prices have barely changed, and argue that a...
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- March 21, 2022
- Article
Are the Risks of Global Supply Chains Starting to Outweigh the Rewards?
By: Willy C. Shih
The conflict in Ukraine is only the latest jolt to global supply chains. Disruptions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, climate-related events, and geopolitical tensions were already undermining their rationale. As companies rethink sourcing, they will have to consider...
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- February 2022 (Revised September 2022)
- Case
Lilium: Preparing for Takeoff
By: Navid Mojir, Vincent Dessain, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emer Moloney
Lilium is a German company focused on developing electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOLs) that can be used to offer air taxi services. The company went public in September 2021 through a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) deal, raising more than...
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Keywords:
SPACs;
Business Model;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Green Technology;
Capital Markets;
Venture Capital;
Initial Public Offering;
Rural Scope;
Urban Scope;
City;
Disruptive Innovation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Demand and Consumers;
Market Timing;
Industry Growth;
Infrastructure;
Logistics;
Product Design;
Product Development;
Production;
Service Delivery;
Service Operations;
Strategic Planning;
Partners and Partnerships;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Urban Development;
Sustainable Cities;
Business Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Air Transportation;
Aerospace Industry;
Air Transportation Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Travel Industry;
Germany;
Munich;
Brazil;
United States;
Florida
- January–February 2022
- Article
Operational Disruptions, Firm Risk, and Control Systems
By: William Schmidt and Ananth Raman
Operational disruptions can impact a firm's risk, which manifests in a host of operational issues, including a higher holding cost for inventory, a higher financing cost for capacity expansion, and a higher perception of the firm's risk among its supply chain partners....
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- December 2021
- Article
India's Food Supply Chain during the Pandemic
By: Matt Lowe, G.V. Nadhanael and Benjamin N. Roth
We document the impact of India’s COVID-19 lockdown on the food supply chain. Food arrivals in wholesale markets dropped by 69% in the three weeks following the lockdown and wholesale prices rose by 8%. Six weeks after the lockdown began, volumes and prices had fully...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Supply Chain;
Health Pandemics;
Food;
Policy;
System Shocks;
Food and Beverage Industry;
India
- September 2021
- Case
On the Bubble: Startup Bootstrapping
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Tom Quinn and Annelena Lobb
Bubble was a software company in the low-code/no-code market, making tools that allowed users without traditional programming backgrounds or technical skills to build software. The case covers cofounder Joshua Haas’s engineering background, as he experienced a high...
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Keywords:
Business Startups;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Business Plan;
Disruption;
Transformation;
Trends;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Customer Relationship Management;
Decision Making;
Cost vs Benefits;
Decisions;
Entrepreneurship;
Venture Capital;
Equity;
Executive Compensation;
Recruitment;
Selection and Staffing;
Disruptive Innovation;
Technological Innovation;
Job Interviews;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Ownership Stake;
Opportunities;
Applications and Software;
Technology Adoption;
Technology Industry;
Web Services Industry;
New York (city, NY);
California;
France
- May 24, 2021
- Article
What Makes an Online Marketplace Disruptive?
By: Clifford Maxwell and Scott Duke Kominers
Platforms like Airbnb, eBay, and Angie’s List have changed how markets work. But while many are innovative and make life easier for consumers, which are truly disruptive? Hewing to Clay Christensen’s theory of disruption, platforms—which operate as online...
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- March 2021 (Revised January 2023)
- Background Note
The Pandemic's Impact on the U.S. Food System
By: José B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
This note is intended not as a comprehensive account but as a starting point for discussion about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. food system. Written in late 2020, the note describes, in part through the voices of industry leaders, how the pandemic...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Agribusiness;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Risk Management;
Leadership;
Change Management;
Safety;
Health;
Health Pandemics;
Disruption;
Adaptation;
Supply Chain;
Supply Chain Management;
Consumer Behavior;
Retail Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Transportation Industry;
United States
- March 2021
- Case
VideaHealth: Building the AI Factory
By: Karim R. Lakhani and Amy Klopfenstein
Florian Hillen, co-founder and CEO of VideaHealth, a startup that used artificial intelligence (AI) to detect dental conditions on x-rays, spent the early years of his company laying the groundwork for an AI factory. A process for quickly building and iterating on new...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Innovation and Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Technological Innovation;
Information Technology;
Applications and Software;
Technology Adoption;
Digital Platforms;
Entrepreneurship;
AI and Machine Learning;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
North and Central America;
United States;
Massachusetts;
Cambridge
- February 2021
- Case
Drizly: Managing Supply and Demand through Disruption
By: Kris Ferreira
It was April 6th, 2020, and the management team at Drizly—an online alcohol marketplace where consumers could browse and purchase alcohol from local liquor retail stores via Drizly’s app for immediate home delivery—were thrilled to see record-breaking sales from the...
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- November 2020 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care
By: Trevor Fetter and Kira Seiger
This case describes the increasing investment by private equity (PE) firms in patient care and other healthcare services. The case focuses on investments in physician staffing firms and roll-up strategy investments in physician practice management (PPM). Included in...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Model;
Change;
Disruption;
Fluctuation;
Trends;
Customers;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Ethics;
Fairness;
Finance;
Equity;
Insurance;
Private Equity;
Geography;
Geographic Scope;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Markets;
Demand and Consumers;
Supply and Industry;
Industry Structures;
Ownership;
Ownership Type;
Private Ownership;
Relationships;
Agency Theory;
Business and Community Relations;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Networks;
Strategy;
Competition;
Consolidation;
Expansion;
Integration;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Value;
Value Creation;
Health Industry;
Insurance Industry;
United States