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All HBS Web
(958)
- Faculty Publications (178)
- 2020
- Working Paper
Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments
By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted...
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Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-034, September 2020.
- Article
Active World Model Learning with Progress Curiosity
By: Kuno Kim, Megumi Sano, Julian De Freitas, Nick Haber and Daniel Yamins
World models are self-supervised predictive models of how the world evolves. Humans learn world models by curiously exploring their environment, in the process acquiring compact abstractions of high bandwidth sensory inputs, the ability to plan across long temporal...
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Kim, Kuno, Megumi Sano, Julian De Freitas, Nick Haber, and Daniel Yamins. "Active World Model Learning with Progress Curiosity." Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) 37th (2020).
- June 2020
- Teaching Note
Understanding the Brand Equity of Nestlé Crunch Bar
By: Jill Avery and Gerald Zaltman
Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 519-061 and 519-062. In early 2018, Nestlé announced the sale of its U.S. candy-making division and a select collection of twenty of its confectionery brands, including the Nestlé Crunch Bar, to Ferrero SpA for $2.8 billion. Under the...
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- June 2020
- Article
Parallel Play: Startups, Nascent Markets, and the Effective Design of a Business Model
By: Rory McDonald and Kathleen Eisenhardt
Prior research advances several explanations for entrepreneurial success in nascent markets but leaves a key imperative unexplored: the business model. By studying five ventures in the same nascent market, we develop a novel theoretical framework for understanding how...
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Keywords:
Search;
Legitimacy;
Organizational Innovation;
Organizational Learning;
Mechanisms And Processes;
Institutional Entrepreneurship;
Qualitative Methods;
Business Model Design;
Business Model;
Business Startups;
Entrepreneurship;
Emerging Markets;
Adaptation;
Competition;
Strategy
McDonald, Rory, and Kathleen Eisenhardt. "Parallel Play: Startups, Nascent Markets, and the Effective Design of a Business Model." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 2 (June 2020): 483–523.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Iterative Coordination and Innovation
By: Sourobh Ghosh and Andy Wu
Agile management practices from the software industry continue to transform the way organizations innovate across industries, yet they remain understudied in the organizations literature. We investigate the widespread Agile practice of iterative coordination: frequent...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Goals;
Specialization;
Coordination;
Field Experiment;
Software Development;
Organizations;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Goals and Objectives;
Integration;
Software
Ghosh, Sourobh, and Andy Wu. "Iterative Coordination and Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-121, January 2020.
- Article
History-informed Strategy Research: The Promise of History and Historical Research Methods in Advancing Strategy Scholarship
By: Nicholas Argyres, Alfredo De Massis, Nicolai J. Foss, Federico Frattini, Geoffrey Jones and Brian Silverman
Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the use of history and historical research methods in strategy research. This article discusses how and why history and historical research methods can enrich theoretical explanations of strategy phenomena. The article...
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Argyres, Nicholas, Alfredo De Massis, Nicolai J. Foss, Federico Frattini, Geoffrey Jones, and Brian Silverman. "History-informed Strategy Research: The Promise of History and Historical Research Methods in Advancing Strategy Scholarship." Strategic Management Journal 41, no. 3 (March 2020): 343–368.
- 2019
- Working Paper
Industrial Change, the Boundary of the Firm, and Racial Employment Segregation
By: John-Paul Ferguson and Rembrand Koning
Racial employment segregation between large workplaces in America has grown over the last generation. We know little about how changes in patterns of employment by economic sector have contributed to this growth, though. While there are many stylized narratives about...
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Keywords:
Workplace Segregation;
Firm Boundaries;
Organizations;
Employees;
Segmentation;
Race;
Change;
United States
Ferguson, John-Paul, and Rembrand Koning. "Industrial Change, the Boundary of the Firm, and Racial Employment Segregation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-069, December 2019.
- November–December 2019
- Article
Pivoting Isn't Enough? Managing Strategic Reorientation in New Ventures
By: Rory McDonald and Cheng Gao
New ventures often experience deviations from their plans that oblige them to reorient in pursuit of better fit between their evolving products and their target customers. Yet research is largely silent on how managers explain such changes and justify their ventures in...
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Keywords:
Strategic Reorientation;
Technology Entrepreneurship;
Innovation;
Product Development Processes;
Organizational Adaptation;
Qualitative Methods (General);
Entrepreneurship;
Information Technology;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Strategy;
Innovation and Invention;
Product Development;
Communication Strategy
McDonald, Rory, and Cheng Gao. "Pivoting Isn't Enough? Managing Strategic Reorientation in New Ventures." Organization Science 30, no. 6 (November–December 2019): 1289–1318.
- August 2019
- Article
When and How to Diversify—A Multicategory Utility Model for Personalized Content Recommendation
By: Yicheng Song, Nachiketa Sahoo and Elie Ofek
Sometimes we desire change, a break from the same or an opportunity to fulfill different aspects of our needs. Noting that consumers seek variety, several approaches have been developed to diversify items recommended by personalized recommender systems. However,...
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Keywords:
Recommender Systems;
Personalization;
Recommendation Diversity;
Variety Seeking;
Collaborative Filtering;
Consumer Utility Models;
Digital Media;
Clickstream Analysis;
Learning-to-rank;
Consumer Behavior;
Media;
Customization and Personalization;
Strategy;
Mathematical Methods
Song, Yicheng, Nachiketa Sahoo, and Elie Ofek. "When and How to Diversify—A Multicategory Utility Model for Personalized Content Recommendation." Management Science 65, no. 8 (August 2019): 3737–3757.
- July 2019
- Case
Christmas Inc. (A)
By: Susanna Gallani, Gregory Sabin, Lexor Adams and Nicholas Haberling
Santa Claus is facing increasing pressures to contain costs. The economic model that has worked for centuries is starting to show some cracks, to the point that he is considering outsourcing part of its toy production. Evaluating the bids his team collected from...
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Gallani, Susanna, Gregory Sabin, Lexor Adams, and Nicholas Haberling. "Christmas Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-009, July 2019.
- May 2019
- Case
The United States Air Force: 'Chaos' in the 99th Reconnaissance Squadron
By: Francesca Gino, Jeff Huizinga and Nicole Keller
In the spring of 2019, Lt. Col. Matthew “Chaos” Nussbaum is nearing the end of his two-year term as commander of the U.S. Air Force's 99th Reconnaissance Squadron. In this position, he has focused the majority of his energy on finding new ways to organize, train, and...
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Keywords:
Empowerment;
Culture;
Innovation;
Motivation;
Military;
Leadership;
Organizational Culture;
Change;
Leading Change;
Innovation Strategy;
United States
Gino, Francesca, Jeff Huizinga, and Nicole Keller. "The United States Air Force: 'Chaos' in the 99th Reconnaissance Squadron." Harvard Business School Case 919-047, May 2019.
- April 2019 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
Wayfair
By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Susie L. Ma and Matthew G. Preble
In 2016 Niraj Shah and Steve Conine, founders of online home goods retailer Wayfair, are faced with a decision about how to improve user experience on their e-commerce sites. A key driver of consumer interest and conversion to purchase in the home category is visual...
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Keywords:
Visual Assets;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Decision Making;
Business or Company Management;
Growth Management;
Innovation and Invention;
Operations;
Strategy;
Technology;
Retail Industry;
Service Industry;
United States;
Massachusetts
Rayport, Jeffrey F., Susie L. Ma, and Matthew G. Preble. "Wayfair." Harvard Business School Case 819-045, April 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
- March 2019 (Revised May 2019)
- Case
Fetchr: A New Way of Last Mile Delivery
By: V.G. Narayanan and Eren Kuzucu
By mid-2016, five years of aggressive growth had transformed Fetchr from a small logistics startup to a 1,000-employee, full-fledged last-mile delivery company operating across four countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Already beneficiaries of the...
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Keywords:
Startup;
Decision;
Financial Strategy;
UAE;
KSA;
MENA;
Cost Accounting;
Business Model;
Business Startups;
Transformation;
Cost Management;
Strategy;
Disruptive Innovation;
Technological Innovation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Logistics;
Service Delivery;
Supply Chain Management;
Performance Evaluation;
Mathematical Methods;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Transportation Networks;
Middle East;
United Arab Emirates;
Dubai;
Bahrain;
Egypt;
Saudi Arabia;
North Africa
Narayanan, V.G., and Eren Kuzucu. "Fetchr: A New Way of Last Mile Delivery." Harvard Business School Case 119-018, March 2019. (Revised May 2019.)
- January 2019
- Supplement
Understanding the Brand Equity of Nestlé Crunch Bar (B): Data Analysis
By: Jill Avery and Gerald Zaltman
In early 2018, Nestlé announced the sale of its U.S. candy-making division and a select collection of 20 of its confectionery brands, including the Nestlé Crunch Bar, to Ferrero SpA for $2.8 billion. Luckily, an old consumer research study on the Nestlé Crunch Bar...
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Keywords:
Brand Management;
Market Research;
Brand Positioning;
Value Proposition;
Consumer Products;
Fast Moving Consumer Goods;
Qualitative Methods;
Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique;
ZMET;
Data Analysis;
Marketing;
Marketing Strategy;
Brands and Branding;
Consumer Behavior;
Marketing Communications;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Consumer Products Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Advertising Industry;
United States;
North America;
Italy
Avery, Jill, and Gerald Zaltman. "Understanding the Brand Equity of Nestlé Crunch Bar (B): Data Analysis." Harvard Business School Supplement 519-062, January 2019.
- December 2018
- Case
Bata versus Relaxo—Analyzing Performance
By: Suraj Srinivasan, Iris Leung and Quinn Pitcher
Set in 2016, “Bata India versus Relaxo—Analyzing Performance” compares the strategies and financial performance of two Indian footwear companies. Bata India had long been the market leader in footwear in India, but its leading market position was being challenged by...
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Keywords:
Finance;
Strategy;
Operations;
Performance Evaluation;
Financial Statements;
Analysis;
Apparel and Accessories Industry
Srinivasan, Suraj, Iris Leung, and Quinn Pitcher. "Bata versus Relaxo—Analyzing Performance." Harvard Business School Case 119-050, December 2018.
- Article
Operational Efficiency and Effective Management in the Catheterization Laboratory
By: Grant W. Reed, Michael L. Tushman and Samir R. Kapadia
Operational efficiency is a core business principle in which organizations strive to deliver high-quality goods or services in a cost-effective manner. This concept has become increasingly relevant to cardiac catheterization laboratories, as insurers move away from...
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Keywords:
Cath Lab;
Catheterization Laboratory;
Health Care and Treatment;
Performance Efficiency;
Management;
Performance Productivity;
Cost Management;
Health Industry
Reed, Grant W., Michael L. Tushman, and Samir R. Kapadia. "Operational Efficiency and Effective Management in the Catheterization Laboratory." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 20 (November 20, 2018): 2507–2517.
- November 2018
- Case
Sportradar (A): From Data to Storytelling
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Oliver Gassmann
In 2013, the Swiss sports data company Sportradar debated whether to expand from its core business of data provision to bookmakers into sports media products. Sports data was becoming a commodity, and in the future, sports leagues might reduce their dependence on...
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Keywords:
Sports Data;
Data;
Sport;
Sportradar;
Football;
Soccer;
Gambling;
Betting;
Betting Markets;
Statistics;
Odds;
Live Data;
Bookmakers;
Betradar;
Visualization;
Integrity;
Monitoring;
Gaming;
Streaming;
2013;
St.Gallen;
Algorithm;
Mathematical Modeling;
Carsten Koerl;
Betandwin;
Bwin;
Wagering;
Probability;
Sports;
Analytics and Data Science;
Mathematical Methods;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Transition;
Strategy;
Media;
Sports Industry;
Technology Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Europe;
Switzerland;
Asia;
Austria;
Germany;
England
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karen Elterman, and Oliver Gassmann. "Sportradar (A): From Data to Storytelling." Harvard Business School Case 719-429, November 2018.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Estimating Models of Supply and Demand: Instruments and Covariance Restrictions
By: Alexander MacKay and Nathan H. Miller
We consider the identification of empirical models of supply and demand with imperfect
competition. We show that a restriction on the covariance between unobserved demand and
cost shocks can resolve endogeneity and identify the price parameter. We demonstrate how
to...
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Keywords:
Demand Estimation;
Identification;
Endogeneity Bias;
Covariance Restrictions;
Ordinary Least Squares;
Instrumental Variables;
Price;
Demand and Consumers;
Competition
MacKay, Alexander, and Nathan H. Miller. "Estimating Models of Supply and Demand: Instruments and Covariance Restrictions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-051, October 2018. (Revised January 2024. Direct download.)
- September 2018 (Revised January 2020)
- Case
Apple Pay and Mobile Payments in Australia (A)
By: Feng Zhu, Susan Athey and David Lane
In summer 2016, four of Australia’s top five banks petitioned regulators for permission to bargain collectively with Apple over the terms under which they would support its digital wallet, Apple Pay. They argued that doing so would force concessions from Apple that...
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Keywords:
Payment Methods;
Mobile Payment;
Apple;
Banks and Banking;
Cooperation;
Problems and Challenges;
Policy;
Digital Platforms;
Banking Industry;
Australia
Zhu, Feng, Susan Athey, and David Lane. "Apple Pay and Mobile Payments in Australia (A)." Harvard Business School Case 619-010, September 2018. (Revised January 2020.)
- September 2018 (Revised January 2020)
- Supplement
Apple Pay and Mobile Payments in Australia (B)
By: Feng Zhu, Susan Athey and David Lane
Supplements the (A) case.
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Keywords:
Payment Methods;
Mobile Payment;
Apple;
Banks and Banking;
Cooperation;
Problems and Challenges;
Policy;
Digital Platforms;
Banking Industry;
Australia
Zhu, Feng, Susan Athey, and David Lane. "Apple Pay and Mobile Payments in Australia (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 619-011, September 2018. (Revised January 2020.)