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- 2022
- Working Paper
Hate Crime Increases with Minoritized Group Rank
By: Mina Cikara, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
People are on the move in unprecedented numbers within and between countries. How does demographic change affect local intergroup dynamics? In complement to accounts that emphasize stereotypical features of groups as determinants of their treatment, we propose the...
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- Fall 2021
- Article
Emboldening and Contesting Gender and Skin Color Stereotypes in the Film Industry in India, 1947–1991
By: Sudev Sheth, Geoffrey Jones and Morgan Spencer
This article examines how the film industry influenced prevailing gender and skin color stereotypes in India during the first four decades after Independence in 1947. It shows that Bollywood, the mainstream cinema in India, shared Hollywood's privileging of paler skin...
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Keywords:
Bollywood;
Film Industry;
Hollywood;
Tamil Cinema;
Male Gaze;
Stereotypes;
Social Impact;
Gender;
Race;
Ethnicity;
Film Entertainment;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
India;
United States
Sheth, Sudev, Geoffrey Jones, and Morgan Spencer. "Emboldening and Contesting Gender and Skin Color Stereotypes in the Film Industry in India, 1947–1991." Business History Review 95, no. 3 (Fall 2021): 483–515.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Faith and Assimilation: Italian Immigrants in the U.S.
By: Stefano Gagliarducci and Marco Tabellini
How do ethnic religious organizations influence immigrants' assimilation in host societies? This paper offers the first systematic answer to this question by focusing on Italian Catholic churches in the U.S. between 1890 and 1920, when four million Italians moved to...
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Gagliarducci, Stefano, and Marco Tabellini. "Faith and Assimilation: Italian Immigrants in the U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-029, November 2021. (Revised May 2022. Also available from NBER and featured in NBER Digest.)
- Working Paper
A (Dynamic) Investigation of Stereotypes, Belief-Updating, and Behavior
By: Katherine B. Coffman, Paola Ugalde Araya and Basit Zafar
Many decisions—such as what educational or career path to pursue—are dynamic in nature, with individuals receiving feedback at one point in time and making decisions later. Using a controlled experiment, with two sessions one week apart, we analyze the dynamic effects...
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Keywords:
Feedback;
Beliefs;
Stereotypes;
Self-assessment;
Gender Gap;
Performance;
Perception;
Gender;
Decision Making;
Behavior
Coffman, Katherine B., Paola Ugalde Araya, and Basit Zafar. "A (Dynamic) Investigation of Stereotypes, Belief-Updating, and Behavior." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29382, October 2021.
- September 2021
- Article
Gender Stereotypes in Deliberation and Team Decisions
By: Katherine B. Coffman, Clio Bryant Flikkema and Olga Shurchkov
We explore how groups deliberate and decide on ideas in an experiment with communication. We find that gender biases play a significant role in which group members are chosen to answer on behalf of the group. Conditional on the quality of their ideas, individuals are...
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Keywords:
Gender Differences;
Stereotypes;
Teams;
Economic Experiments;
Gender;
Prejudice and Bias;
Groups and Teams;
Perception
Coffman, Katherine B., Clio Bryant Flikkema, and Olga Shurchkov. "Gender Stereotypes in Deliberation and Team Decisions." Games and Economic Behavior 129 (September 2021): 329–349.
- Article
Unconscious Bias Training That Works
By: Francesca Gino and Katherine Coffman
To become more diverse, equitable, and inclusive, many companies have turned to unconscious bias (UB) training. By raising awareness of the mental shortcuts that lead to snap judgments—often based on race and gender—about people’s talents or character, it strives to...
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Keywords:
Implicit Bias;
Social Integration;
Empathy;
Prejudice and Bias;
Employees;
Training;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Organizational Change and Adaptation
Gino, Francesca, and Katherine Coffman. "Unconscious Bias Training That Works." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 5 (September–October 2021): 114–123.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Bollywood, Skin Color and Sexism: The Role of the Film Industry in Emboldening and Contesting Stereotypes in India after Independence
By: Sudev Sheth, Geoffrey Jones and Morgan Spencer
This working paper examines the social impact of the film industry in India during the first four decades after Indian Independence in 1947. It shows that Bollywood, the mainstream cinema in India and the counterpart in scale to Hollywood in the United States, shared...
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Keywords:
Film Industry;
Bollywood;
Tamil Cinema;
Male Gaze;
Social Impact;
Stereotypes;
Oral History;
Film Entertainment;
Gender;
Race;
Personal Characteristics;
Prejudice and Bias;
Business History;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
India
Sheth, Sudev, Geoffrey Jones, and Morgan Spencer. "Bollywood, Skin Color and Sexism: The Role of the Film Industry in Emboldening and Contesting Stereotypes in India after Independence." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-077, January 2021.
- July 2020
- Teaching Plan
Girls Who Code
By: Brian Trelstad and Amy Klopfenstein
This teaching plan serves as a supplement to HBS Case No. 320-055, “Girls Who Code.” Founded 2012 by former lawyer Reshma Saujani, Girls Who Code (GWC) offered coding education programs to middle- and high school-aged girls. The organization also sought to alter...
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Keywords:
Communication;
Communication Strategy;
Spoken Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Demographics;
Age;
Gender;
Education;
Curriculum and Courses;
Learning;
Middle School Education;
Secondary Education;
Leadership Style;
Leadership;
Social Enterprise;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Social Psychology;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Cognition and Thinking;
Prejudice and Bias;
Power and Influence;
Identity;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Motivation and Incentives;
Society;
Civil Society or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Information Technology;
Applications and Software;
Education Industry;
Technology Industry;
North and Central America;
United States
- 2021
- Working Paper
Issue Salience and Political Stereotypes
By: Pedro Bordalo, Marco Tabellini and David Yang
U.S. voters exaggerate the differences in attitudes held by Republicans and Democrats on a range of socioeconomic and political issues, and higher perceived polarization is associated with greater political engagement and affective polarization. In this paper, we...
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- March 2020
- Case
Girls Who Code
By: Brian Trelstad, Amy Klopfenstein and Olivia Hull
In 2012, Reshma Saujani founded Girls Who Code (GWC) with the mission of closing the technology (tech) industry’s gender gap. While GWC offered coding education programs to middle- and high-school-aged girls, the organization also sought to alter cultural stereotypes...
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Keywords:
Coding;
Gender Stereotypes;
Information Technology;
Gender;
Education;
Programs;
Performance Effectiveness;
Technology Industry;
Information Technology Industry
Trelstad, Brian, Amy Klopfenstein, and Olivia Hull. "Girls Who Code." Harvard Business School Case 320-055, March 2020.
- September 2019 (Revised June 2021)
- Case
Dove and Real Beauty: Building a Brand with Purpose
By: Mark R. Kramer, Myriam Sidibe and Gunjan Veda
Unilever subsidiary Dove soap became a "brand with a purpose" and created shared value when the company decided to launch a Campaign for Real Beauty to combat the artificial media-driven stereotype of female beauty that causes appearance anxiety in women and girls...
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Keywords:
Stereotype;
Body Image;
Female;
Self-Esteem;
Brands and Branding;
Mission and Purpose;
Advertising Campaigns;
Gender;
Resource Allocation
Kramer, Mark R., Myriam Sidibe, and Gunjan Veda. "Dove and Real Beauty: Building a Brand with Purpose." Harvard Business School Case 720-361, September 2019. (Revised June 2021.)
- March 2019
- Article
Beliefs about Gender
By: Pedro Bordalo, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
We conduct laboratory experiments that explore how gender stereotypes shape beliefs about ability of oneself and others in different categories of knowledge. The data reveal two patterns. First, men’s and women’s beliefs about both oneself and others exceed observed...
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Bordalo, Pedro, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Beliefs about Gender." American Economic Review 109, no. 3 (March 2019): 739–773.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Stereotypes and Belief Updating
By: Katherine B. Coffman, Manuela Collis and Leena Kulkarni
We explore how feedback shapes, and perpetuates, gender gaps in self-assessments. Participants in our experiments take tests of their ability across different domains. We elicit their beliefs of their performance before and after feedback. We find that, even after the...
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Keywords:
Beliefs;
Stereotypes;
Self-assessment;
Gender;
Prejudice and Bias;
Information;
Performance;
Perception
Coffman, Katherine B., Manuela Collis, and Leena Kulkarni. "Stereotypes and Belief Updating." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-068, January 2019. (Revised June 2021.)
- May–June 2018
- Article
What Most People Get Wrong about Men and Women: Research Shows the Sexes Aren't So Different
By: Catherine H. Tinsley and Robin J. Ely
Why have women failed to achieve parity with men in the workplace? Contrary to popular belief, it’s not because women prioritize their families over their careers, negotiate poorly, lack confidence, or are too risk averse. Meta-analyses of published studies show that...
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Keywords:
Working Conditions;
Gender;
Equality and Inequality;
Organizational Culture;
Change Management
Tinsley, Catherine H., and Robin J. Ely. "What Most People Get Wrong about Men and Women: Research Shows the Sexes Aren't So Different." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 3 (May–June 2018): 114–121.
- Article
Gender Bias, Social Impact Framing, and Evaluation of Entrepreneurial Ventures
By: Matthew Lee and Laura Huang
Recent studies find that female-led ventures are penalized relative to male-led ventures due to role incongruity, or a perceived “lack of fit,” between female stereotypes and expected personal qualities of business entrepreneurs. We examine whether social impact...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Gender;
Prejudice and Bias;
Framework;
Perception;
Performance Evaluation
Lee, Matthew, and Laura Huang. "Gender Bias, Social Impact Framing, and Evaluation of Entrepreneurial Ventures." Organization Science 29, no. 1 (January–February 2018): 1–16.
- June 2017
- Article
When Novel Rituals Lead to Intergroup Bias: Evidence from Economic Games and Neurophysiology
By: Nicholas M. Hobson, Francesca Gino, Michael I. Norton and Michael Inzlicht
Long-established rituals in pre-existing cultural groups have been linked to the cultural evolution of large-scale group cooperation. Here we test the prediction that novel rituals—arbitrary hand and body gestures enacted in a stereotypical and repeated fashion—can...
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Keywords:
Ritual;
Intergroup Dynamics;
Intergroup Bias;
Neural Reward Processing;
Open Data;
Open Materials;
Preregistered;
Groups and Teams;
Behavior;
Prejudice and Bias;
Cooperation
Hobson, Nicholas M., Francesca Gino, Michael I. Norton, and Michael Inzlicht. "When Novel Rituals Lead to Intergroup Bias: Evidence from Economic Games and Neurophysiology." Psychological Science 28, no. 6 (June 2017): 733–750.
- May 2017 (Revised April 2020)
- Case
Raj Kapoor: The Socialist Showman
By: Geoffrey Jones and Snigdha Sur
This case examines the career of Raj Kapoor, the legendary Bollywood filmmaker of the postwar decades. It explores how Kapoor built RK studios after 1948 by releasing a series of movies that combined romance with social messages focused on the fate of the common man in...
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Keywords:
Film Entertainment;
History;
Personal Development and Career;
Social Issues;
Gender;
Problems and Challenges;
Values and Beliefs;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
India;
Soviet Union
Jones, Geoffrey, and Snigdha Sur. "Raj Kapoor: The Socialist Showman." Harvard Business School Case 317-100, May 2017. (Revised April 2020.)
- March–April 2017
- Article
Hiring an Entrepreneurial Leader: What to Look For
By: Timothy Butler
Aspiring to be innovative and agile, companies of all shapes and sizes want to recruit entrepreneurial managers. But most firms lack a scientific way to separate the true entrepreneurs from other candidates. To address that problem, Butler compared the psychological...
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Butler, Timothy. "Hiring an Entrepreneurial Leader: What to Look For." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 2 (March–April 2017): 85–93.
- Article
Deep Down My Enemy Is Good: Thinking about the True Self Reduces Intergroup Bias
By: Julian De Freitas and Mina Cikara
Intergroup bias—preference for one's in-group relative to out-groups—is one of the most robust phenomena in all of psychology. Here we investigate whether a positive bias that operates at the individual-level, belief in a good true self, may be leveraged to reduce...
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De Freitas, Julian, and Mina Cikara. "Deep Down My Enemy Is Good: Thinking about the True Self Reduces Intergroup Bias." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 74 (January 2018): 307–316.
- November 2016
- Article
Stereotypes
By: Pedro Bordalo, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
We present a model of stereotypes based on Kahneman and Tversky's representativeness heuristic. A decision maker assesses a target group by overweighting its representative types, which we formally define to be the types that occur more frequently in that group than in...
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Keywords:
Prejudice and Bias
Bordalo, Pedro, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Stereotypes." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 4 (November 2016): 1753–1794.