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- 2023
- Working Paper
The Irredeemability of the Past: Determinants of Reconciliation and Revenge in Post-Conflict Settings
By: Kristen Kao, Kristin Fabbe and Michael Bang Petersen
In the aftermath of violent conflict, identifying former enemy collaborators versus
innocent bystanders forced to flee violence is difficult. In post-conflict settings,
internally displaced persons (IDPs) risk becoming stigmatized and face difficulties...
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Keywords:
Conflict and Resolution;
War;
Refugees;
Moral Sensibility;
Behavior;
Public Opinion;
Lawfulness;
Iraq
Kao, Kristen, Kristin Fabbe, and Michael Bang Petersen. "The Irredeemability of the Past: Determinants of Reconciliation and Revenge in Post-Conflict Settings." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-011, August 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
How People Use Statistics
By: Pedro Bordalo, John J. Conlon, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon and Andrei Shleifer
We document two new facts about the distributions of answers in famous statistical problems: they are i) multi-modal and ii) unstable with respect to irrelevant changes in the problem. We offer a model in which, when solving a problem, people represent each hypothesis...
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Bordalo, Pedro, John J. Conlon, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon, and Andrei Shleifer. "How People Use Statistics." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31631, August 2023.
- June 2023
- Simulation
Artea Dashboard and Targeting Policy Evaluation
By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
Companies deploy A/B experiments to gain valuable insights about their customers in order to answer strategic business problems. In marketing, A/B tests are often used to evaluate marketing interventions intended to generate incremental outcomes for the firm. The Artea...
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Keywords:
Algorithm Bias;
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Experimentation;
Promotion;
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Policies;
Pricing Algorithms;
A/B Testing;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Base Analysis;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Coupons;
Marketing;
Race;
Gender;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Marketing Communications;
Advertising;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
E-commerce;
Analytics and Data Science;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
- 2023
- Working Paper
Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness
By: Neil Menghani, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
In this paper, we develop a new criterion, "insufficiently justified disparate impact" (IJDI), for assessing whether recommendations (binarized predictions) made by an algorithmic decision support tool are fair. Our novel, utility-based IJDI criterion evaluates false...
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Menghani, Neil, Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness." Working Paper, June 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Design-Based Confidence Sequences: A General Approach to Risk Mitigation in Online Experimentation
By: Dae Woong Ham, Michael Lindon, Martin Tingley and Iavor Bojinov
Randomized experiments have become the standard method for companies to evaluate the performance of new products or services. In addition to augmenting managers’ decision-making, experimentation mitigates risk by limiting the proportion of customers exposed to...
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Keywords:
Performance Evaluation;
Research and Development;
Analytics and Data Science;
Consumer Behavior
Ham, Dae Woong, Michael Lindon, Martin Tingley, and Iavor Bojinov. "Design-Based Confidence Sequences: A General Approach to Risk Mitigation in Online Experimentation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-070, May 2023.
- June 2020
- Article
Real-time Data from Mobile Platforms to Evaluate Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
By: Omar Isaac Asensio, Kevin Alvarez, Arielle Dror, Emerson Wenzel, Catharina Hollauer and Sooji Ha
By displacing gasoline and diesel fuels, electric cars and fleets reduce emissions from the transportation sector, thus offering important public health benefits. However, public confidence in the reliability of charging infrastructure remains a fundamental barrier to...
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Keywords:
Environmental Sustainability;
Transportation;
Infrastructure;
Behavior;
AI and Machine Learning;
Demand and Consumers
Asensio, Omar Isaac, Kevin Alvarez, Arielle Dror, Emerson Wenzel, Catharina Hollauer, and Sooji Ha. "Real-time Data from Mobile Platforms to Evaluate Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure." Nature Sustainability 3, no. 6 (June 2020): 463–471.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Nailing Prediction: Experimental Evidence on the Value of Tools in Predictive Model Development
Predictive model development is understudied despite its centrality in modern artificial
intelligence and machine learning business applications. Although prior discussions
highlight advances in methods (along the dimensions of data, computing power, and
algorithms)...
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Keywords:
Analytics and Data Science
Yue, Daniel, Paul Hamilton, and Iavor Bojinov. "Nailing Prediction: Experimental Evidence on the Value of Tools in Predictive Model Development." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-029, December 2022. (Revised April 2023.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
Stories, Statistics and Memory
By: Thomas Graeber, Christopher Roth and Florian Zimmermann
For most decisions, we rely on information encountered over the course of days,
months or years. We consume this information in various forms, including abstract
summaries of multiple data points – statistics – and contextualized anecdotes about
individual instances...
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Graeber, Thomas, Christopher Roth, and Florian Zimmermann. "Stories, Statistics and Memory." Working Paper, December 2022.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Doing More with Less: Overcoming Ineffective Long-Term Targeting Using Short-Term Signals
By: Ta-Wei Huang and Eva Ascarza
Firms are increasingly interested in developing targeted interventions for customers with the best response,
which requires identifying differences in customer sensitivity, typically through the conditional average treatment
effect (CATE) estimation. In theory, to...
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Keywords:
Long-run Targeting;
Heterogeneous Treatment Effect;
Statistical Surrogacy;
Customer Churn;
Field Experiments;
Consumer Behavior;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
AI and Machine Learning;
Marketing
Huang, Ta-Wei, and Eva Ascarza. "Doing More with Less: Overcoming Ineffective Long-Term Targeting Using Short-Term Signals." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-023, October 2022. (Revised April 2023.)
- November 2022
- Article
Impacts of Micromobility on Car Displacement with Evidence from a Natural Experiment and Geofencing Policy
By: Omar Isaac Asensio, Camila Apablaza, M. Cade Lawson, Edward W Chen and Savannah J Horner
Micromobility, such as electric scooters and electric bikes—an estimated US$300 billion global market by 2030—will accelerate electrification efforts and fundamentally change urban mobility patterns. However, the impacts of micromobility adoption on traffic congestion...
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Asensio, Omar Isaac, Camila Apablaza, M. Cade Lawson, Edward W Chen, and Savannah J Horner. "Impacts of Micromobility on Car Displacement with Evidence from a Natural Experiment and Geofencing Policy." Nature Energy 7, no. 11 (November 2022): 1100–1108.
- September 16, 2022
- Article
A Causal Test of the Strength of Weak Ties
By: Karthik Rajkumar, Guillaume Saint-Jacques, Iavor I. Bojinov, Erik Brynjolfsson and Sinan Aral
The authors analyzed data from multiple large-scale randomized experiments on LinkedIn’s People You May Know algorithm, which recommends new connections to LinkedIn members, to test the extent to which weak ties increased job mobility in the world’s largest...
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Rajkumar, Karthik, Guillaume Saint-Jacques, Iavor I. Bojinov, Erik Brynjolfsson, and Sinan Aral. "A Causal Test of the Strength of Weak Ties." Science 377, no. 6612 (September 16, 2022).
- September 2022
- Article
Tone at the Bottom: Measuring Corporate Misconduct Risk from the Text of Employee Reviews
By: Dennis W. Campbell and Ruidi Shang
This paper examines whether information extracted via text-based statistical methods applied to employee reviews left on the website Glassdoor.com can be used to develop indicators of corporate misconduct risk. We argue that inside information on the incidence of...
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Keywords:
Management Accounting;
Management Control;
Corporate Culture;
Corporate Misconduct;
Risk Measurement;
Organizational Culture;
Crime and Corruption;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Measurement and Metrics
Campbell, Dennis W., and Ruidi Shang. "Tone at the Bottom: Measuring Corporate Misconduct Risk from the Text of Employee Reviews." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 7034–7053.
- August 29, 2022
- Other Article
Income Inequality Is Rising. Are We Even Measuring It Correctly?
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, K. Blesch and Oliver P. Hauser
Income inequality is on the rise in many countries around the world, according to the United Nations. What’s more, disparities in global income were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with some countries facing greater economic losses than others.
Policymakers...
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Keywords:
Income Inequality;
Gini Coefficient;
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Government Administration;
Equality and Inequality;
Health Pandemics;
Measurement and Metrics
Jachimowicz, Jon M., K. Blesch, and Oliver P. Hauser. "Income Inequality Is Rising. Are We Even Measuring It Correctly?" Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (August 29, 2022).
- August 2022
- Supplement
Zalora: Data-Driven Pricing Recommendations
By: Ayelet Israeli
This exercise can be used in conjunction with the main case "Zalora: Data-Driven Pricing" to facilitate class discussion without requiring data analysis from the students. Instead, the exercise presents reports that were created by the data science team to answer the...
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Keywords:
Pricing;
Pricing Algorithms;
Dynamic Pricing;
Ecommerce;
Pricing Strategy;
Pricing And Revenue Management;
Apparel;
Singapore;
Startup;
Demand Estimation;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
Exercise;
Price;
Internet and the Web;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Retail Industry;
Fashion Industry;
Singapore
Israeli, Ayelet. "Zalora: Data-Driven Pricing Recommendations." Harvard Business School Supplement 523-032, August 2022.
- 2022
- Article
Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods
By: Elita Lobo, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are a crucial tool for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where exploration is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. However, the extent to which such methods can be trusted under adversarial threats...
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Lobo, Elita, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 38th (2022): 1264–1274.
- 2022
- Article
Nonparametric Subset Scanning for Detection of Heteroscedasticity
By: Charles R. Doss and Edward McFowland III
We propose Heteroscedastic Subset Scan (HSS), a novel method for identifying covariates that are responsible for violations of the homoscedasticity assumption in regression settings. Viewing the problem as one of anomalous pattern detection, we use subset scanning...
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Doss, Charles R., and Edward McFowland III. "Nonparametric Subset Scanning for Detection of Heteroscedasticity." Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 31, no. 3 (2022): 813–823.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Causal Inference During A Pandemic: Evidence on the Effectiveness of Nebulized Ibuprofen as an Unproven Treatment for COVID-19 in Argentina
By: Sebastian Calonico, Rafael Di Tella and Juan Cruz Lopez Del Valle
Many medical decisions during the pandemic were made without the support of causal evidence obtained in clinical trials. We study the case of nebulized ibuprofen (NaIHS), a drug that was extensively used on COVID-19 patients in Argentina amidst wild claims about its...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Drug Treatment;
Health Pandemics;
Health Care and Treatment;
Decision Making;
Outcome or Result;
Argentina
Calonico, Sebastian, Rafael Di Tella, and Juan Cruz Lopez Del Valle. "Causal Inference During A Pandemic: Evidence on the Effectiveness of Nebulized Ibuprofen as an Unproven Treatment for COVID-19 in Argentina." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30084, May 2022.
- Article
Do the Right Firms Survive Bankruptcy?
By: Samuel Antill
In U.S. Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases, firms are either reorganized, acquired, or liquidated. I show that decisions to liquidate often reduce creditor recovery, costing creditors billions of dollars every year. I exploit the within-district random assignment of...
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Keywords:
Bankruptcy;
Bankruptcy Reorganization;
Recovery Rate;
Structural Estimation;
Roy Model;
363 Sales;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Antill, Samuel. "Do the Right Firms Survive Bankruptcy?" Journal of Financial Economics 144, no. 2 (May 2022): 523–546.
- April–June 2022
- Other Article
Commentary on 'Causal Decision Making and Causal Effect Estimation Are Not the Same... and Why It Matters'
There has been a substantial discussion in various methodological and applied literatures around causal inference; especially in the use of machine learning and statistical models to understand heterogeneity in treatment effects and to make optimal decision...
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Treatment Effect Estimation;
Treatment Assignment Policy;
Human-in-the-loop;
Decision Making;
Fairness
McFowland III, Edward. "Commentary on 'Causal Decision Making and Causal Effect Estimation Are Not the Same... and Why It Matters'." INFORMS Journal on Data Science 1, no. 1 (April–June 2022): 21–22.
- March 2022 (Revised July 2022)
- Module Note
Exploratory Data Analysis
This module note provides an overview of exploratory data analysis for an introduction to data science course. It begins by defining the term "data", and then describes the different types of data that companies work with (structured v. unstructured, categorical v....
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Keywords:
Data Analysis;
Data Science;
Statistics;
Data Visualization;
Exploratory Data Analysis;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis
Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Exploratory Data Analysis." Harvard Business School Module Note 622-098, March 2022. (Revised July 2022.)