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      • Faculty Publications  (289)

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      • April 2022
      • Supplement

      Mastercard Labs (B)

      By: Linda A. Hill, Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards and Julia Kelley
      When Ajaypal (Ajay) Banga became the CEO of Mastercard in 2010, digital technologies were on the rise, and innovation needed to become a strategic imperative at the company. Banga tasked Garry Lyons, who had joined Mastercard through the 2009 acquisition of Orbiscom,...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Culture; Transformation; Organizational Culture; Culture Change; Organizational Adaptation; Organizational Effectiveness; Alignment; Leadership; Leadership Development; Innovation; Innovation Ecosystems; Diversity; Collaboration; Co-creation; Learning Organizations; Empowerment; Ecosystem; Agility; Prototype; Experiment; Partnerships; Operating Model; Risk Management; Digital Transformation; Metrics; Payments; Financial Industry; Financial Inclusion; Ambidexterity; Corporate Innovation; Innovation Lab; Accelerator; Start-up; Fintech
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      Hill, Linda A., Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards, and Julia Kelley. "Mastercard Labs (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 422-081, April 2022.
      • April 2022 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Mastercard Labs (A) (Abridged)

      By: Linda A. Hill, Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards and Julia Kelley
      When Ajaypal (Ajay) Banga became the CEO of Mastercard in 2010, he shifted the company’s competitive focus from card networks to cash itself. Mastercard’s new vision of a “World Beyond Cash” distilled into a three-pronged framework: Grow the core business, Diversify...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Culture; Organizational Culture; Culture Change; Organizational Adaptation; Organizational Effectiveness; Alignment; Leadership; Leadership Development; Innovation; Innovation Ecosystems; Diversity; Collaboration; Co-creation; Learning Organizations; Empowerment; Ecosystem; Agility; Prototype; Experiment; Partnerships; Operating Model; Risk Management; Metrics; Payments; Financial Inclusion; Financial Industry; Ambidexterity; Corporate Innovation; Innovation Lab; Accelerator; Start-up; Intrapreneurship; Competitive Strategy; Business Model; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Digital Transformation
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      Hill, Linda A., Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards, and Julia Kelley. "Mastercard Labs (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 422-082, April 2022. (Revised May 2022.)
      • April 2022
      • Article

      The Past Is Prologue? Venture-Capital Syndicates' Collaborative Experience and Start-Up Exits

      By: Dan Wang, Emily Cox Pahnke and Rory McDonald
      Past research has produced contradictory insights into how prior collaboration between organizations—their relational embeddedness—impacts collective collaborative performance. We theorize that the effect of relational embeddedness on collaborative success is...  View Details
      Keywords: Inter-organizational Networks; Collaboration; Entrepreneurship; Networks; Organizations; Performance; Venture Capital
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      Wang, Dan, Emily Cox Pahnke, and Rory McDonald. "The Past Is Prologue? Venture-Capital Syndicates' Collaborative Experience and Start-Up Exits." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 2 (April 2022): 371–402.
      • March 2022
      • Case

      The Future of Start-Up Chile

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Ruth Costas and Pedro Levindo
      In 2021, public accelerator program Start-Up Chile, which ten years earlier had created a global buzz, might be losing its competitive edge to similar programs or one-year visas for digital nomads offered by other countries. The case follows SUP’s CEO, Angeles Romo, as...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Leadership; Disruption; Knowledge Dissemination; Knowledge Sharing; Business Education; Emerging Markets; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Globalized Markets and Industries; Government Administration; Recruitment; Job Design and Levels; Human Capital; Leading Change; Business and Government Relations; Groups and Teams; Networks; Social and Collaborative Networks; Public Administration Industry; Latin America; Chile
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Ruth Costas, and Pedro Levindo. "The Future of Start-Up Chile." Harvard Business School Case 622-080, March 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Case

      TotalEnergies’ Investment in Hyzon Motors

      By: Vikram S Gandhi and David Lane
      In November 2021, Girish Nadkarni, the head of TotalEnergies’ corporate venture capital arm (TEV) was considering whether, and on what terms, to exit an investment in Hyzon Motors, a start-up supplier of hydrogen-powered trucks. TEV had invested $4 million in Hyzon,...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Units; Communication Intention and Meaning; Renewable Energy; Venture Capital; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Design; Standards; Commercialization; Investment Portfolio; Market Transactions; Energy Industry; Financial Services Industry; Transportation Industry; Europe; New York (city, NY)
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., and David Lane. "TotalEnergies’ Investment in Hyzon Motors." Harvard Business School Case 822-019, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Supplement

      Uber in China (C): The Cost of Success for Didi

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      On June 30, 2021, ride-hailing giant Didi Chuxing (Didi) raised $4.4 billion in its initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the largest IPO of a Chinese company listed on an American exchange since Alibaba raised $25 billion in 2014....  View Details
      Keywords: China; Uber; Didi Chuxing; Start-up Growth; Regulation; Ride-sharing; Transportation; Business Startups; Business and Government Relations; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Growth and Development; Policy; Competition; Laws and Statutes; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Uber in China (C): The Cost of Success for Didi." Harvard Business School Supplement 322-068, January 2022.
      • November 2021 (Revised January 2022)
      • Case

      Nicole M. Jones and The Hangar℠: Delta Air Lines' Global Innovation Center

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2016, Nicole M. Jones was hired to lead The Hangar, Delta Air Lines’ new innovation center in Atlanta, Georgia. Delta’s leadership had intended for The Hangar to catalyze a new approach to innovation at the company. After conducting three months of research on...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Lab; Breakthrough Innovation; Biometric Technology; Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Innovation and Management; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Georgia (state, US)
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Nicole M. Jones and The Hangar℠: Delta Air Lines' Global Innovation Center." Harvard Business School Case 422-042, November 2021. (Revised January 2022.)
      • August 2021 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Lexoo: Building a Long-Lasting Platform (Abridged)

      By: Chiara Farronato and Elena Corsi
      Lexoo, a UK-based online marketplace for legal services, was facing the strategic choice of how to grow from early start-up to mature platform. Daniel van Binsbergen, Lexoo's CEO, and web developer Chris O'Sullivan, CTO, had set up Lexoo to help Small and Medium-Sized...  View Details
      Keywords: Legal Services; Marketplaces; Pivot; Growth and Development Strategy; Digital Platforms; Small Business; Service Operations; Decision Making; Legal Services Industry
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      Farronato, Chiara, and Elena Corsi. "Lexoo: Building a Long-Lasting Platform (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 622-043, August 2021. (Revised February 2022.)
      • August 2021
      • Case

      Fair Park Covid-19 Mass Vaccination Site (A)

      By: Willy Shih
      This case is an opportunity to apply the methods of the Toyota Production System (TPS) to the analysis of an everyday service application: administering Covid-19 vaccines. It describes the start-up of a drive-up Covid-19 mass vaccination site at the Texas State Fair...  View Details
      Keywords: Operations Improvement; Operations And Processes; Toyota Production System; Operations; Service Operations; Health Pandemics; Problems and Challenges; Goals and Objectives; Measurement and Metrics; Health Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy. "Fair Park Covid-19 Mass Vaccination Site (A)." Harvard Business School Case 622-003, August 2021.
      • August 2021
      • Supplement

      Fair Park Covid-19 Mass Vaccination Site (B)

      By: Willy Shih
      This case is an opportunity to apply the methods of the Toyota Production System (TPS) to the analysis of an everyday service application: administering Covid-19 vaccines. It describes the start-up of a drive-up Covid-19 mass vaccination site at the Texas State Fair...  View Details
      Keywords: Operations Management; Operations Improvement; Operations And Processes; Toyota Production System; Operations; Service Operations; Health Pandemics; Service Delivery; Problems and Challenges; Goals and Objectives; Measurement and Metrics; Health Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy. "Fair Park Covid-19 Mass Vaccination Site (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 622-004, August 2021.
      • June 2021
      • Case

      Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2016, Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani, aeronautical engineers at All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., began to wonder why, in a world of accelerating globalization and digital connectivity, those who lived in far-remote villages or impoverished urban areas could not...  View Details
      Keywords: Agility; Ecosystem; Innovation Ecosystems; Crowdsourcing; Open Innovation; Partnership; Government; Collaboration; Co-creation; Purpose; Impact; Social Impact; Movement; Organizational Behavior; Organizational Ambidexterity; Ambidexterity; Culture; Culture Change; Global Teams; Experimentation; Space; Airline Industry; Start-up; Platform Business; Platform Strategy; Platform; Digital; Robotics; Robots; Mobility; Strategy; COVID-19; Intrapreneurship; Public-private Partnership; XPRIZE; Space Industry; Avatar; Telepresence; Innovation Lab; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Alignment; Leadership; Leading Change; Diversity; Organizational Culture; Change Management; Entrepreneurship; Transportation Industry; Aerospace Industry; Japan
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A)." Harvard Business School Case 421-089, June 2021.
      • June 2021
      • Case

      Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A) (Abridged)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2016, Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani, aeronautical engineers at All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., began to wonder why, in a world of accelerating globalization and digital connectivity, those who lived in far-remote villages or impoverished urban areas could not...  View Details
      Keywords: Agility; Ecosystem; Innovation Ecosystems; Innovation; Crowdsourcing; XPRIZE; Open Innovation; Partnership; Government; Collaboration; Co-creation; Purpose; Impact; Social Impact; Movement; Organizational Behavior; Organizational Ambidexterity; Ambidexterity; Culture; Culture Change; Global Teams; Experimentation; Space; Space Industry; Airline Industry; Start-up; Platform Business; Platform Strategy; Platform; Digital; Robotics; Robots; Avatar; Telepresence; Innovation Lab; Mobility; COVID-19; Intrapreneurship; Public-private Partnership; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Alignment; Leadership; Leading Change; Diversity; Organizational Culture; Change Management; Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Transportation Industry; Aerospace Industry; Japan
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 421-085, June 2021.
      • May–June 2021
      • Article

      Why Start-ups Fail

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      If you’re launching a business, the odds are against you: Two-thirds of start-ups never show a positive return. Unnerved by that statistic, a professor of entrepreneurship at Harvard Business School set out to discover why. Based on interviews and surveys with hundreds...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Problems and Challenges; Failure
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Why Start-ups Fail." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 3 (May–June 2021): 76–85.
      • March 2021
      • Teaching Plan

      The Black New Venture Competition

      By: Karen G. Mills, Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Martin A. Sinozich and Gabriella Elanbeck
      Black entrepreneurs encounter many unique obstacles when raising capital to start and grow a business, some stemming from deep systemic discrimination. During their second year at Harvard Business School (HBS), MBA students Kimberly Foster and Tyler Simpson decided to...  View Details
      Keywords: Analytics; Startup; Start-up; Startup Financing; Financing; Startups; Start-ups; Business And Community; Business And Society; Business Growth; Discrimination; Women; Women-owned Businesses; African Americans; African-american Entrepreneurs; African-american Investors; African-American Protagonist; African-American Women; Early Stage Funding; Early Stage; Innovation & Entrepreneurship; Innovation Competitions; Entrepreneurial Financing; Business Plan; Business Startups; Diversity; Gender; Race; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Small Business; Leadership; Information Technology; Competition
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      Mills, Karen G., Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Martin A. Sinozich, and Gabriella Elanbeck. "The Black New Venture Competition." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 821-094, March 2021.
      • March 2021 (Revised January 2022)
      • Case

      Mary Kay Ash: Changing the World

      By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
      This case describes the rise of Mary Kay, the founder of the worldwide cosmetics company. As a young single mother, Mary Kay had to overcome many obstacles to start her business and guide it to success. Today, there are more than 3.5 million Mary Kay beauty consultants...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Start-ups; Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Business Startups; Work-Life Balance; Success; Religion; Family Business; Personal Development and Career; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry
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      Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Mary Kay Ash: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 121-046, March 2021. (Revised January 2022.)
      • February 2021 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      Bairong and the Promise of Big Data

      By: Lauren Cohen, Xiaoyan Zhang and Spencer C.N. Hagist
      Bairong CEO Felix Zhang, in launching his credit scoring start-up that incorporates 74,000 variables per individual, found strong initial success. However, the shifting regulatory environment, growing breadth of competitors, difficulties in retaining top talent, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Big Data; Artificial Intelligence; Credit Scoring; Finance; Credit; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; China
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      Cohen, Lauren, Xiaoyan Zhang, and Spencer C.N. Hagist. "Bairong and the Promise of Big Data." Harvard Business School Case 221-068, February 2021. (Revised June 2021.)
      • January 2021 (Revised August 2021)
      • Case

      ByteDance: TikTok and the Trials of Going Viral

      By: William C. Kirby and John P. McHugh
      In 2020, TikTok became the most valuable start-up ever. The short-form, video-sharing social media platform emerged as the crown jewel of the Chinese technology firm ByteDance, realizing 850 million monthly users and an estimated worth of $180 billion. However, a...  View Details
      Keywords: China; Technology; Startup; Start-up; International Strategy; Global Strategy And Leadership; Innovation; Political Risk; Regulations; Trump; Foreign Policy; Foreign Investment; Chinese Internet Market; Global Strategy; Crisis Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Entrepreneurship; Globalized Economies and Regions; Government Legislation; Innovation and Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Internet and the Web; Social Media; Technology Industry; China; United States
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      Kirby, William C., and John P. McHugh. "ByteDance: TikTok and the Trials of Going Viral." Harvard Business School Case 321-110, January 2021. (Revised August 2021.)
      • November 2020
      • Teaching Note

      DayTwo: Going to Market with Gut Microbiome

      By: Ayelet Israeli
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-010. DayTwo is a young Israeli startup that applies research on the gut microbiome and machine learning algorithms to deliver personalized nutritional recommendations to its users in order to minimize blood sugar spikes after meals....  View Details
      Keywords: Start-up Growth; Startup; Positioning; Targeting; Go To Market Strategy; B2B Vs. B2C; B2B2C; Health & Wellness; AI; Machine Learning; Female Ceo; Female Protagonist; Science-based; Science And Technology Studies; Ecommerce; Applications; DTC; Direct To Consumer Marketing; US Health Care; "USA,"; Innovation; Pricing; Business Growth; Segmentation; Distribution Channels; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Startups; Science-Based Business; Health; Innovation and Invention; Marketing; Information Technology; Business Growth and Maturation; E-commerce; Applications and Software; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Insurance Industry; Information Technology Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Israel; United States
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      Israeli, Ayelet. "DayTwo: Going to Market with Gut Microbiome." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-052, November 2020.
      • November 2020 (Revised March 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      Social Salary Setting at Spiber

      By: Ashley Whillans and John Beshears
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 920-050. The case tells the story of Spiber, a Japanese technology start-up company. To reflect the company’s values, the leadership team implemented a new and unique salary-setting process: each employee had the authority to choose their...  View Details
      Keywords: Compensation; General Management; Employee Benefits; Incentives; Motivation; Compensation and Benefits; Fairness; Motivation and Incentives; Management; Happiness; Negotiation; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Japan
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      Whillans, Ashley, and John Beshears. "Social Salary Setting at Spiber." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 921-014, November 2020. (Revised March 2022.)
      • October 2020
      • Case

      Unison Capital Korea: Gong Cha

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Sangyun Lee
      In the Spring of 2017, Soomin Kim, Founding Partner of Unison Capital Korea, and his team were debating the potential exit of Unison Capital Korea’s investment in Gong Cha Korea, the sole local franchisor of the premium milk tea brand that they proprietarily sourced...  View Details
      Keywords: Exit; Strategic Decision Making; Private Equity; Investment; Strategy; Investment Return; Decision Making; Bids and Bidding
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Sangyun Lee. "Unison Capital Korea: Gong Cha." Harvard Business School Case 221-040, October 2020.
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