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      • September 2024
      • Article

      Gender Gaps: Back and Here to Stay? Evidence from Skilled Ugandan Workers During COVID-19

      By: Livia Alfonsi, Mary Namubiru and Sara Spaziani
      We investigate gender disparities in the effect of COVID-19 on the labor market outcomes of skilled Ugandan workers. Leveraging a high-frequency panel dataset, we find that the lockdowns imposed in Uganda reduced employment by 69% for women and by 45% for men,... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Wage Gap; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Employment; Wages; Uganda
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      Alfonsi, Livia, Mary Namubiru, and Sara Spaziani. "Gender Gaps: Back and Here to Stay? Evidence from Skilled Ugandan Workers During COVID-19." Review of Economics of the Household 22, no. 3 (September 2024): 999–1046.
      • September 2024
      • Article

      Standing on the Shoulders of Science

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger, Monika Schnitzer and Martin Watzinger
      Today’s innovations rely on scientific discoveries of the past, yet only some corporate R&D builds directly on scientific output. In this paper, we analyze U.S. patents to investigate how firms generate value by building on prior art “closer” to science. We show... View Details
      Keywords: Patent Novelty; Value Capture; Science; Patents; Valuation; Research and Development
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, Monika Schnitzer, and Martin Watzinger. "Standing on the Shoulders of Science." Strategic Management Journal 45, no. 9 (September 2024): 1670–1695.
      • January–February 2024
      • Article

      Leaders Must React: A Framework for Responding to Unforeseen Events

      By: Nitin Nohria
      To be successful, CEOs must articulate a compelling vision, align people around it, and motivate them to execute it. But there’s one thing that can make or break them: how they respond in real time to unforeseen events.

      On average, addressing unexpected... View Details
      Keywords: Crisis Management; Management Skills; Leadership Style
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      Nohria, Nitin. "Leaders Must React: A Framework for Responding to Unforeseen Events." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 1 (January–February 2024): 51–55.
      • January 2024
      • Background Note

      Evaluating Innovations in the Organization of Primary Care: What Type of Innovation Is It and How Well Does It Align with the Six Factors?

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and James Wallace
      How can we evaluate if innovative health care ventures can do good—benefit society—and do well—become financially viable? This question is the topic of the first module in the Innovating in Health Care course book.

      This note and "Health Stop (A): What Type... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Health Care and Treatment; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Mission and Purpose; Alignment; Health Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and James Wallace. "Evaluating Innovations in the Organization of Primary Care: What Type of Innovation Is It and How Well Does It Align with the Six Factors?" Harvard Business School Background Note 324-037, January 2024.
      • August 31, 2023
      • Article

      How to Build a Life: How to Pick the Right Sort of Vacation for You

      By: Arthur C. Brooks
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      Brooks, Arthur C. "How to Build a Life: How to Pick the Right Sort of Vacation for You." The Atlantic (August 31, 2023).
      • July 2023
      • Article

      So, Who Likes You? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment

      By: Ravi Bapna, Edward McFowland III, Probal Mojumder, Jui Ramaprasad and Akhmed Umyarov
      With one-third of marriages in the United States beginning online, online dating platforms have become important curators of the modern social fabric. Prior work on online dating has elicited two critical frictions in the heterosexual dating market. Women, governed by... View Details
      Keywords: Online Dating; Internet and the Web; Analytics and Data Science; Gender; Emotions; Social and Collaborative Networks
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      Bapna, Ravi, Edward McFowland III, Probal Mojumder, Jui Ramaprasad, and Akhmed Umyarov. "So, Who Likes You? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment." Management Science 69, no. 7 (July 2023): 3939–3957.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Applications or Approvals: What Drives Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program?

      By: Sergey Chernenko, Nathan Kaplan, Asani Sarkar and David S. Scharfstein
      We use the 2020 Small Business Credit Survey to study the sources of racial disparities in use of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). Black-owned firms are 8.9 percentage points less likely than observably similar white-owned firms to receive PPP loans. About 55% of... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Small Business; Race; Financing and Loans
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      Chernenko, Sergey, Nathan Kaplan, Asani Sarkar, and David S. Scharfstein. "Applications or Approvals: What Drives Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31172, April 2023.
      • April 2023
      • Article

      Racial Inequality in Work Environments

      By: Letian Zhang
      This article explores racial stratification in work environments. Inequality scholars have long identified racial disparities in wage and occupational attainment, but workers’ careers and well-being are also shaped by elements of their work environment, including firm... View Details
      Keywords: Discrimination; Race; Equality and Inequality; Working Conditions; Personal Development and Career; Organizational Culture
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      Zhang, Letian. "Racial Inequality in Work Environments." American Sociological Review 88, no. 2 (April 2023): 252–283.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Communicating Corporate Culture in Labor Markets: Evidence from Job Postings

      By: Joseph Pacelli, Tianshuo Shi and Yuan Zou
      We examine how firms craft their job postings to convey information about their culture and whether doing so helps attract employees. We utilize state-of-the-art machine learning methods to develop a comprehensive dictionary of key corporate values across the near... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Culture Significance; Labor Markets; Disclosure; Organizational Culture; Recruitment; Talent and Talent Management
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      Pacelli, Joseph, Tianshuo Shi, and Yuan Zou. "Communicating Corporate Culture in Labor Markets: Evidence from Job Postings." Working Paper, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Retail Investors’ Contrarian Behavior Around News, Attention, and the Momentum Effect

      By: Cheng (Patrick) Luo, Enrichetta Ravina, Marco Sammon and Luis M. Viceira
      Using a large panel of U.S. brokerage accounts trades and positions, we show that a large fraction of retail investors trade as contrarians after large earnings surprises, especially for loser stocks, and that such contrarian trading contributes to post earnings... View Details
      Keywords: Retail Investors; Post Earnings Announcement Drift; Price Momentum; Behavioral Finance; Investment; Demographics
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      Luo, Cheng (Patrick), Enrichetta Ravina, Marco Sammon, and Luis M. Viceira. "Retail Investors’ Contrarian Behavior Around News, Attention, and the Momentum Effect." Working Paper, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Rethinking Explainability as a Dialogue: A Practitioner's Perspective

      By: Himabindu Lakkaraju, Dylan Slack, Yuxin Chen, Chenhao Tan and Sameer Singh
      As practitioners increasingly deploy machine learning models in critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and policy, it becomes vital to ensure that domain experts function effectively alongside these models. Explainability is one way to bridge the gap between... View Details
      Keywords: Natural Language Conversations; AI and Machine Learning; Experience and Expertise; Interactive Communication; Business and Stakeholder Relations
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      Lakkaraju, Himabindu, Dylan Slack, Yuxin Chen, Chenhao Tan, and Sameer Singh. "Rethinking Explainability as a Dialogue: A Practitioner's Perspective." Working Paper, 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Luck of the Draw: The Causal Effect of Physicians on Birth Outcomes

      By: Arlen Guarin, Christian Posso, Estefania Saravia and Jorge Tamayo
      Identifying the effect of physicians’ skills on health outcomes is a challenging task due to the nonrandom sorting between physicians and hospitals. We overcome this challenge by exploiting a Colombian government program that randomly assigned 2,126 physicians to 618... View Details
      Keywords: Physicians' Health Skills; Health Birth Outcomes; Birthing Outcomes; Experimental Evidence; Health Care and Treatment; Competency and Skills; Outcome or Result; Health Industry; Colombia
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      Guarin, Arlen, Christian Posso, Estefania Saravia, and Jorge Tamayo. "The Luck of the Draw: The Causal Effect of Physicians on Birth Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-015, February 2021. (R&R American Economic Journal.)
      • Article

      Measuring the Scientific Effectiveness of Contact Tracing: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

      By: Thiemo Fetzer and Thomas Graeber
      Contact tracing has for decades been a cornerstone of the public health approach to epidemics, including Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and now COVID-19. It has not yet been possible, however, to causally assess the method’s effectiveness using a randomized... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Contact Tracing; Public Health; Infectious Diseases; Health Pandemics
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      Fetzer, Thiemo, and Thomas Graeber. "Measuring the Scientific Effectiveness of Contact Tracing: Evidence from a Natural Experiment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 33 (August 17, 2021): 1–4.
      • Article

      A Megastudy of Text-Based Nudges Encouraging Patients to Get Vaccinated at an Upcoming Doctor's Appointment

      By: Katherine L. Milkman, Mitesh S. Patel, Linnea Gandhi, Heather N. Graci, Dena M. Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Modupe Akinola, John Beshears, Jonathan E. Bogard, Alison Buttenheim, Christopher F. Chabris, Gretchen B. Chapman, James J. Choi, Hengchen Dai, Craig R. Fox, Amir Goren, Matthew D. Hilchey, Jillian Hmurovic, Leslie K. John, Dean Karlan, Melanie Kim, David Laibson, Cait Lamberton, Brigitte C. Madrian, Michelle N. Meyer, Maria Modanu, Jimin Nam, Todd Rogers, Renante Rondina, Silvia Saccardo, Maheen Shermohammed, Dilip Soman, Jehan Sparks, Caleb Warren, Megan Weber, Ron Berman, Chalanda N. Evans, Christopher K. Snider, Eli Tsukayama, Christophe Van den Bulte, Kevin G. Volpp and Angela L. Duckworth
      Many Americans fail to get life-saving vaccines each year, and the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 makes the challenge of encouraging vaccination more urgent than ever. We present a large field experiment (N = 47,306) testing 19 nudges delivered to patients via... View Details
      Keywords: Vaccination; COVID-19; Nudge; Influenza; Field Experiment; Health; Communication Strategy; Behavior
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      Milkman, Katherine L., Mitesh S. Patel, Linnea Gandhi, Heather N. Graci, Dena M. Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Modupe Akinola, John Beshears, Jonathan E. Bogard, Alison Buttenheim, Christopher F. Chabris, Gretchen B. Chapman, James J. Choi, Hengchen Dai, Craig R. Fox, Amir Goren, Matthew D. Hilchey, Jillian Hmurovic, Leslie K. John, Dean Karlan, Melanie Kim, David Laibson, Cait Lamberton, Brigitte C. Madrian, Michelle N. Meyer, Maria Modanu, Jimin Nam, Todd Rogers, Renante Rondina, Silvia Saccardo, Maheen Shermohammed, Dilip Soman, Jehan Sparks, Caleb Warren, Megan Weber, Ron Berman, Chalanda N. Evans, Christopher K. Snider, Eli Tsukayama, Christophe Van den Bulte, Kevin G. Volpp, and Angela L. Duckworth. "A Megastudy of Text-Based Nudges Encouraging Patients to Get Vaccinated at an Upcoming Doctor's Appointment." e2101165118. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 20 (May 18, 2021).
      • March 12, 2021
      • Article

      Is Your C-Suite Equipped to Lead a Digital Transformation?

      By: J. Yo-Jud Cheng, Cassandra Frangos and Boris Groysberg
      The pandemic has rapidly accelerated many companies’ digital efforts, but do they have the right executives in place to lead this sort of transformation? To answer this question, the authors analyzed more than 100 search specifications for C-suite positions in Fortune... View Details
      Keywords: Management Teams; Information Technology; Transformation; Competency and Skills; Digital Transformation
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      Cheng, J. Yo-Jud, Cassandra Frangos, and Boris Groysberg. "Is Your C-Suite Equipped to Lead a Digital Transformation?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (March 12, 2021).
      • March 2021 (Revised December 2021)
      • Case

      Cedar Environmental: Innovation vs. Corruption in Lebanon?

      By: Nien-hê Hsieh and Youssef Abdel Aal
      The case follows Ziad Abi Chaker, founder and CEO of Cedar Environmental, as he weighs options for how to grow the company in the face of growing economic and political instability in Lebanon in 2019.

      Founded after the Lebanese civil war, Cedar... View Details
      Keywords: Waste Management; Recycling; Corruption; Leadership & Corporate Accountability; Business And Government; Social Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Entrepreneurship; Business and Government Relations; Crime and Corruption; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Strategy; Expansion; Corporate Accountability; Green Technology Industry; Middle East; Lebanon
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      Hsieh, Nien-hê, and Youssef Abdel Aal. "Cedar Environmental: Innovation vs. Corruption in Lebanon?" Harvard Business School Case 321-114, March 2021. (Revised December 2021.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Housing Consumption and the Cost of Remote Work

      By: Christopher Stanton and Pratyush Tiwari
      This paper estimates housing choice differences between households with and without remote workers. Prior to the pandemic, the expenditure share on housing was more than seven percent higher for remote households compared to similar non-remote households in the same... View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; Geographic Mobility; Housing; Cost; Geographic Location; Income
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      Stanton, Christopher, and Pratyush Tiwari. "Housing Consumption and the Cost of Remote Work." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28483, February 2021.
      • December 2020 (Revised December 2022)
      • Case

      The Dance of Dharma: On the Difficulty of Being Good

      By: Arthur I. Segel and Tyler M. Richard
      When deciding how to be good and act well, we often seek outside help. Many of our oldest and most frequently consulted sources of ethical guidance are our religious traditions. Just as one might consult a thoughtful friend, countless people seek direction from their... View Details
      Keywords: Hinduism; Ethics; Religion; Values and Beliefs; Decision Making
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      Segel, Arthur I., and Tyler M. Richard. "The Dance of Dharma: On the Difficulty of Being Good." Harvard Business School Case 821-058, December 2020. (Revised December 2022.)
      • Fall 2020
      • Article

      Business Credit Programs in the Pandemic Era

      By: Samuel G. Hanson, Jeremy C. Stein, Adi Sunderam and Eric Zwick
      We develop a pair of models that speak to the goals and design of the sort of business-lending and corporate-bond purchase programs that have been introduced by governments in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. An overarching theme is that, in contrast to the... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Business Lending; Government Intervention; Econometric Models; Health Pandemics; Credit; Governance; Policy
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      Hanson, Samuel G., Jeremy C. Stein, Adi Sunderam, and Eric Zwick. "Business Credit Programs in the Pandemic Era." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (Fall 2020).
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Recovering the Logic of Double Effect for Business: Intentions, Proportionality, and Impermissible Harms

      By: Rosemarie Monge and Nien-hê Hsieh
      Business actors often act in ways that may harm other parties. While the law aims to restrict harmful behavior and to provide remedies, legal systems do not anticipate all contingencies and legal regulations are not always well enforced. This article argues that the... View Details
      Keywords: Double Effect; Intention; Exploitation; Risk; Practical Ethics; Competition; Risk and Uncertainty; Ethics
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      Monge, Rosemarie, and Nien-hê Hsieh. "Recovering the Logic of Double Effect for Business: Intentions, Proportionality, and Impermissible Harms." Business Ethics Quarterly 30, no. 3 (July 2020): 361–387. (doi: 10.1017/beq.2019.39.)
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