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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Salience
By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
We review the fast-growing work on salience and economic behavior. Psychological research shows that salient stimuli attract human attention “bottom up” due to their high contrast with surroundings, their surprising nature relative to recalled experiences, or their...  View Details
Keywords: Salience; Economic Behavior; Bottom Up Attention; Microeconomics; Decision Making; Behavior
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  • July 2021
  • Article

Making Medications Stick: Improving Medication Adherence by Highlighting the Personal Health Costs of Non-compliance
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Joe J. Gladstone, Dan Berry, Charlotte L. Kirkdale, Tracey Thornley and Adam D. Galinsky
Poor compliance of prescription medication is an ongoing public health crisis. Nearly half of patients do not take their medication as prescribed, harming their own health while also increasing public health care costs. Despite these detrimental consequences, prior...  View Details
Keywords: Prescription Drugs; Medication Adherence; Personal Health Costs; Health; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Communication Strategy
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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism
By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Many companies have adopted corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in response to activist pressure, but ensuring the implementation of these policies is challenging. Recognizing the paucity of research on the effect of contentious activism on companies’...  View Details
Keywords: Monitoring; Apparel Manufacturing; Protests; Activism; Union; Compensation; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Quality; Safety; Social Issues; Labor Unions; Wages; Compensation and Benefits; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; China
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

First Law of Motion: Influencer Video Advertising on TikTok
By: Jeremy Yang, Juanjuan Zhang and Yuhan Zhang
This paper engineers an intuitive feature that is predictive of the causal effect of influencer video advertising on product sales. We propose the concept of m-score, a summary statistic that captures the extent to which a product is advertised in the most engaging...  View Details
Keywords: Influencer Advertising; Video Advertising; Computer Vision; Machine Learning; Advertising; Online Technology
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Issue Salience and Political Stereotypes
By: Pedro Bordalo, Marco Tabellini and David Yang
U.S. voters exaggerate the differences in attitudes held by Republicans and Democrats on a range of socioeconomic and political issues, and higher perceived polarization is associated with greater political engagement and affective polarization. In this paper, we...  View Details
Keywords: Politics; Stereotypes; Belief Distortions; Model; Government and Politics; Public Opinion; Values and Beliefs
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  • March 2017
  • Article

Entrepreneurial Beacons: The Yale Endowment, Run-ups, and the Growth of Venture Capital
By: Y. Sekou Bermiss, Benjamin J. Hallen, Rory McDonald and Emily Cox Pahnke
This paper investigates the social context of entrepreneurship in organizational sectors. Prior research suggests that firm foundings are driven by collective patterns of activity—that is, by patterns of prior foundings—including support from related markets as well as...  View Details
Keywords: Signals; Social Salience; Venture Capital; Higher Education; Organizations; Entrepreneurship; Investment
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  • Article

Overcoming the Outcome Bias: Making Intentions Matter
By: Ovul Sezer, Ting Zhang, Francesca Gino and Max Bazerman
People often make the well-documented mistake of paying too much attention to the outcomes of others’ actions while neglecting information about the original intentions leading to those outcomes. In five experiments, we examine interventions aimed at reducing this...  View Details
Keywords: Outcome Bias; Intentions; Joint Evaluation; Judgment; Separate Evaluation; Goals and Objectives; Prejudice and Bias; Judgments; Performance Evaluation; Outcome or Result
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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

The Limits of Inconspicuous Incentives
By: Leslie K. John, Hayley Blunden, Katherine L. Milkman, Luca Foschini and Bradford Tuckfield
Managers and policymakers regularly rely on incentives to encourage valued behaviors. While incentives are often successful, there are also notable and surprising examples of their ineffectiveness. Why? We propose a contributing factor may be that they are not...  View Details
Keywords: Incentives; Inattentiveness; Field Experiment; Salience; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Management; Information
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  • Article

Three Principles to REVISE People's Unethical Behavior
By: Shahar Ayal, Francesca Gino, Rachel Barkan and Dan Ariely
Dishonesty and unethical behavior are widespread in the public and private sectors and cause immense annual losses. For instance, estimates of U.S. annual losses indicate $1 trillion paid in bribes, $270 billion lost due to unreported income, as well as $42 billion...  View Details
Keywords: Behavior; Ethics; Policy
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  • 2014
  • Other Article

Communicating Change: When Identity Becomes a Source of Vulnerability for Institutional Challengers
By: Ryann Elizabeth Manning, Julie Battilana and Lakshmi Ramarajan
Social movements challenge institutions through two related communication processes: articulating collective action frames and constructing collective movement identity. We argue that frames not only express movement identity, but also provide openings through which...  View Details
Keywords: Identity Threat; Institutional Change; Social Movements; Framing; Social Issues; Identity; Organizational Culture; Change
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  • March 2014
  • Article

Cheating More for Less: Upward Social Comparisons Motivate the Poorly Compensated to Cheat
By: Leslie K. John, George Loewenstein and Scott Rick
Intuitively, people should cheat more when cheating is more lucrative, but we find that the effect of performance-based pay rates on dishonesty depends on how readily people can compare their pay rate to that of others. In Experiment 1, participants were paid 5 cents...  View Details
Keywords: Dishonesty; Social Comparison; Pay Secrecy; Motivation and Incentives; Fairness; Decision Making; Compensation and Benefits
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  • February 2014
  • Article

Gender Differences in Willingness to Guess
By: Katherine Baldiga Coffman
We present the results of an experiment that explores whether women are less willing than men to guess on multiple-choice tests. Our test consists of practice questions from SAT II subject tests; we vary whether a penalty is imposed for a wrong answer and the salience...  View Details
Keywords: Behavioral Decision Making; Microeconomic Behavior; Education Systems; Behavior; Decision Choices and Conditions; Gender; Economics
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  • Article

The Pot Calling the Kettle Black: Distancing Response to Ethical Dissonance
By: R. Barkan, S. Ayal, F. Gino and D. Ariely
Six studies demonstrate the "pot calling the kettle black" phenomenon whereby people are guilty of the very fault they identify in others. Recalling an undeniable ethical failure, people experience ethical dissonance between their moral values and their behavioral...  View Details
Keywords: Ethical Dissonance; Cognitive Dissonance; Moral Judgment; Impression Management; Unethical Behavior; Values and Beliefs; Moral Sensibility; Cognition and Thinking; Research; Behavior; Judgments
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  • July 2012
  • Article

iPhones for Friends, Refrigerators for Family: How Products Prime Social Networks
By: Lalin Anik and Michael I. Norton
We show that priming consumers with products associated with specific social networks increases the salience of those networks, influencing both word-of-mouth intentions and consumption. Consumers were exposed to friend- or family-related products (e.g., game consoles...  View Details
Keywords: Family and Family Relationships; Product; Customers; Familiarity; Social and Collaborative Networks
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  • 2012
  • Article

The Two Facets of Collaboration: Cooperation and Coordination in Strategic Alliances
By: Ranjay Gulati, Franz Wohlgezogen and Pavel Zhelyazkov
This paper unpacks two underspecified facets of collaboration: cooperation and coordination. Prior research has emphasized cooperation, and specifically the partners' commitment and alignment of interests, as the key determinant of collaborative success. Scholars have...  View Details
Keywords: Alliances; Social and Collaborative Networks; Cooperation
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  • April 2011
  • Article

What Can We Learn from 'Great Negotiations'?
By: James K. Sebenius
What can one legitimately learn-analytically and/or prescriptively-from detailed historical case studies of "great negotiations," chosen more for their salience than their analytic characteristics or comparability? Taking a number of such cases compiled by Stanton...  View Details
Keywords: Learning; International Relations; History; Agreements and Arrangements; Negotiation Process; Conflict and Resolution
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  • Article

(When) Are Religious People Nicer? Religious Salience and the 'Sunday Effect' on Pro-social Behavior
By: Deepak Malhotra
Prior research has found mixed evidence for the long-theorized link between religiosity and pro-social behavior. To help overcome this divergence, we hypothesize that pro-social behavior is linked not to religiosity per se, but rather to the salience of religion and...  View Details
Keywords: Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Religion; Behavior; Societal Protocols
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  • Article

Contagion and Differentiation in Unethical Behavior: The Effect of One Bad Apple on the Barrel
By: F. Gino, S. Ayal and D. Ariely
In a world where encounters with dishonesty are frequent, it is important to know if exposure to other people's unethical behavior can increase or decrease an individual's dishonesty. In Experiment 1, our confederate cheated ostentatiously by finishing a task...  View Details
Keywords: Ethics; Behavior
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  • 2009
  • Working Paper

Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: Self-Preservation through Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting
By: Lisa L. Shu, Francesca Gino and Max H. Bazerman
People routinely engage in dishonest acts without feeling guilty about their behavior. When and why does this occur? Across four studies, people justified their dishonest deeds through moral disengagement and exhibited motivated forgetting of information that might...  View Details
Keywords: Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Behavior
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  • December 2002
  • Article

Identity Salience and the Influence of Differential Activation of the Social Self-Schema on Advertising Response
By: Mark R. Forehand, Rohit Deshpandé and Americus Reed III
Keywords: Advertising; Social Psychology
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