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      • Faculty Publications  (161)

      Social Preferences Remove Social Preferences →

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      • April 19, 2023
      • Editorial

      Extreme Views Are More Attractive Than Moderate Ones

      By: Amit Goldenberg
      Do you ever feel like everyone on social media has a more extreme viewpoint than your own? We often blame social media companies for the cacophony of politically extreme opinions around us. After all, these companies are generally motivated to promote the most...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Media; Networks
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      Goldenberg, Amit. "Extreme Views Are More Attractive Than Moderate Ones." Scientific American (website) (April 19, 2023).
      • April 2023
      • Article

      The Preference Survey Module: A Validated Instrument for Measuring Risk, Time, and Social Preferences

      By: Armin Falk, Anke Becker, Thomas Dohmen, David B. Huffman and Uwe Sunde
      Incentivized choice experiments are a key approach to measuring preferences in economics but are also costly. Survey measures are a low-cost alternative but can suffer from additional forms of measurement error due to their hypothetical nature. This paper seeks to...  View Details
      Keywords: Survey Validation; Experiment; Preference Measurement; Surveys; Economics; Behavior; Measurement and Metrics
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      Falk, Armin, Anke Becker, Thomas Dohmen, David B. Huffman, and Uwe Sunde. "The Preference Survey Module: A Validated Instrument for Measuring Risk, Time, and Social Preferences." Management Science 69, no. 4 (April 2023): 1935–1950.
      • March 2023 (Revised May 2023)
      • Technical Note

      Technical Note: The Traits of Entrepreneurs

      By: Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
      Entrepreneurship has the potential for extreme success but also comes with high risks. Given this risk-reward profile, we might wonder why individuals choose to become entrepreneurs. Are there personality traits that lead someone to become an entrepreneur? Can you...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneur; Innovation; Personality; Personality Traits; Risk Preference; Big Five; Locus Of Control; Success; Entrepreneurship; Personal Characteristics
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      Tango, Jo, and Alys Ferragamo. "Technical Note: The Traits of Entrepreneurs." Harvard Business School Technical Note 823-099, March 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Unselfish Alibis Increase Choices of Selfish Autonomous Vehicles

      By: Julian De Freitas
      Human drivers routinely make implicit tradeoffs between their selfish interests and the safety of passengers, as when they perform a rolling stop in order to reach their destination faster. Here I explore whether they are comfortable with autonomous vehicles (AVs) that...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Safety; Attitudes; Technology Adoption
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      De Freitas, Julian. "Unselfish Alibis Increase Choices of Selfish Autonomous Vehicles." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-043, February 2023.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      How Do Investors Value ESG?

      By: Malcolm Baker, Mark Egan and Suproteem K. Sarkar
      Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives have risen to near the top of the agenda for corporate executives and boards, driven in large part by their perceptions of shareholder interest. We quantify the value that shareholders place on ESG using a revealed...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Investment Portfolio; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Shareholder Relations; Environmental Sustainability; Governance; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Baker, Malcolm, Mark Egan, and Suproteem K. Sarkar. "How Do Investors Value ESG?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30708, December 2022. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-028, November 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      When Do Individuals Give Up Agency? The Role of Decision Avoidance

      By: Holly Dykstra, Christine L. Exley and Muriel Niederle
      A common policy problem is that individuals reject recommended options and insist on making their own choices. Via a large-scale experiment, we document and investigate what factors contribute to this preference for agency. Our main results show that individuals’...  View Details
      Keywords: Choice; Decision Making; Policy; Cognition and Thinking
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      Dykstra, Holly, Christine L. Exley, and Muriel Niederle. "When Do Individuals Give Up Agency? The Role of Decision Avoidance." Working Paper, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluations

      By: Billur Aksoy, Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler
      An increasing share of the population identifies as something other than male or female. Yet, we know very little about the economic preferences and beliefs of gender minorities. In this paper, we document a “gender minority gap” in confidence and in self-evaluations....  View Details
      Keywords: Self-evaluation; Confidence; Gender; Identity; Perception; Income
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      Aksoy, Billur, Christine L. Exley, and Judd B. Kessler. "The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluations." Working Paper, October 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Health Externalities and Policy: The Role of Social Preferences

      By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia, Nora Lamersdorf and Farzad Saidi
      Social preferences facilitate the internalization of health externalities, for example by reducing mobility during a pandemic. We test this hypothesis using mobility data from 258 cities worldwide alongside experimentally validated measures of social preferences....  View Details
      Keywords: Social Preferences; Pandemics; Mobility; Health Externalities; Mitigation Policies; Health Pandemics; Cooperation; Behavior; Policy
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      Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, Nora Lamersdorf, and Farzad Saidi. "Health Externalities and Policy: The Role of Social Preferences." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 6751–6761.
      • August 30, 2022
      • Article

      School Choice Increases Racial Segregation Even When Parents Do Not Care About Race

      By: Kalinda Ukanwa, Aziza C. Jones and Broderick L. Turner Jr.
      This research examines how school choice impacts school segregation. Specifically, this work demonstrates that even if parents do not take the racial demographics of schools into account, preference differences between Black and White parents for other school...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Race; Policy; Early Childhood Education; Middle School Education; Secondary Education
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      Ukanwa, Kalinda, Aziza C. Jones, and Broderick L. Turner Jr. "School Choice Increases Racial Segregation Even When Parents Do Not Care About Race." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 35 (August 30, 2022).
      • July 2022
      • Article

      The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality

      By: Antonya Marie Gonzalez, Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
      Attributions, or lay explanations for inequality, have been linked to inequality-relevant behavior. In adults and children, attributing inequality to an individual rather than contextual or structural causes is linked to greater support for economic inequality and less...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Cognition; Inequality; Prosocial Behavior; Parent-child Transmission; Equality and Inequality; Cognition and Thinking; Attitudes; Behavior
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      Gonzalez, Antonya Marie, Lucia Macchia, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 101 (July 2022).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      How Reputation Does (and Does Not) Drive People to Punish Without Looking

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Nour S. Kteily
      Punishing wrongdoers can confer reputational benefits, and people sometimes punish without careful consideration. But are these two observations related? Do people “punish without looking” for reputational gain? And if so, is this because unquestioning...  View Details
      Keywords: Opposing Perspectives; Outrage Culture; Signaling; Ideology; Moralistic Punishment; Perspective; Behavior; Reputation; Decision Making
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Nour S. Kteily. "How Reputation Does (and Does Not) Drive People to Punish Without Looking." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-073, June 2022. (Revised February 2023.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Beliefs about Gender Differences in Social Preferences

      By: Christine L Exley, Oliver P. Hauser, Molly Moore and John-Henry Pezzuto
      While there is a vast (and mixed) literature on gender differences in social preferences, little is known about believed gender differences in social preferences. This paper documents robust evidence for believed gender differences in social preferences. Across a wide...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Preferences; Gender; Behavior; Attitudes; Values and Beliefs
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      Exley, Christine L., Oliver P. Hauser, Molly Moore, and John-Henry Pezzuto. "Beliefs about Gender Differences in Social Preferences." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-079, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Article

      How to Choose a Default

      By: John Beshears, Richard T. Mason and Shlomo Benartzi
      We have developed a model for setting a default when a population is choosing among ordered choices—that is, ones listed in ascending or descending order. A company, for instance, might want to set a default contribution rate that will increase employees’ average...  View Details
      Keywords: Nudge; Choice Architecture; Behavioral Economics; Behavioral Science; Default; Savings; Decision Choices and Conditions; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives
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      Beshears, John, Richard T. Mason, and Shlomo Benartzi. "How to Choose a Default." Behavioral Science & Policy 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–15.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Prioritarianism and Optimal Taxation

      By: Matti Tuomala and Matthew Weinzierl
      Prioritarianism has been at the center of the formal approach to optimal tax theory since its modern starting point in Mirrlees (1971), but most theorists’ use of it is motivated by tractability rather than explicit normative reasoning. We characterize analytically and...  View Details
      Keywords: Prioritarianism; Optimal Taxation; Utilitarianism; Redistribution; Inverse-optimum; Taxation; Theory; Policy
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      Tuomala, Matti, and Matthew Weinzierl. "Prioritarianism and Optimal Taxation." In Prioritarianism in Practice, edited by Matthew Adler and Ole Norheim. Cambridge University Press, 2022. (Also published in HBR Insights, December 2020.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?

      By: Laura Alfaro, Maggie X. Chen and Davin Chor
      We investigate the role of evidence-based information in shaping individuals' preferences for trade policies through a series of survey experiments that contain randomized information treatments. Each treatment provides a concise statement of economics research...  View Details
      Keywords: Evidence; Preference; Trade Policy; Information; Trade; Policy; Attitudes
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      Alfaro, Laura, Maggie X. Chen, and Davin Chor. "Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-062, March 2022. (Revised May 2023. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31240, May 2023)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Scared Straight? Threat and Assimilation of Refugees in Germany

      By: Philipp Jaschke, Sulin Sardoschau and Marco Tabellini
      This paper studies the effects of local threat on cultural and economic assimilation of refugees, exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in their allocation across German regions between 2013 and 2016. We combine novel survey data on cultural preferences and economic...  View Details
      Keywords: Assimilation; Threat Hypothesis; Migration; Cultural Change; Refugees; Culture; Identity; Germany
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      Jaschke, Philipp, Sulin Sardoschau, and Marco Tabellini. "Scared Straight? Threat and Assimilation of Refugees in Germany." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-043, December 2021. (Revised January 2023. Also available from NBER.)
      • Article

      Extension Request Avoidance Predicts Greater Time Stress Among Women

      By: Ashley V. Whillans, Jaewon Yoon, Aurora Turek and Grant E. Donnelly
      In nine studies using archival data, surveys, and experiments, we identify a factor that predicts gender differences in time stress and burnout. Across academic and professional settings, women are less likely to ask for more time when working under adjustable...  View Details
      Keywords: Burnout; Time Stress; Workplace Practices; Deadlines; Time Management; Gender; Well-being
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      Whillans, Ashley V., Jaewon Yoon, Aurora Turek, and Grant E. Donnelly. "Extension Request Avoidance Predicts Greater Time Stress Among Women." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 45 (November 9, 2021). (This article was featured as a “Research Highlight” in Nature in November, 2021.)
      • Fall 2021
      • Article

      Emboldening and Contesting Gender and Skin Color Stereotypes in the Film Industry in India, 1947–1991

      By: Sudev Sheth, Geoffrey Jones and Morgan Spencer
      This article examines how the film industry influenced prevailing gender and skin color stereotypes in India during the first four decades after Independence in 1947. It shows that Bollywood, the mainstream cinema in India, shared Hollywood's privileging of paler skin...  View Details
      Keywords: Bollywood; Film Industry; Hollywood; Tamil Cinema; Male Gaze; Stereotypes; Social Impact; Gender; Race; Ethnicity; Film Entertainment; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; India; United States
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      Sheth, Sudev, Geoffrey Jones, and Morgan Spencer. "Emboldening and Contesting Gender and Skin Color Stereotypes in the Film Industry in India, 1947–1991." Business History Review 95, no. 3 (Fall 2021): 483–515.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Most Individuals Prefer to Compromise among Competing Normative Principles of Taxation

      By: Itai Sher and Matthew C. Weinzierl
      We use a novel survey to gather direct and indirect evidence on how individuals reconcile their simultaneous support for opposing normative principles when forming their policy preferences. Our evidence suggests that, when choosing policy, a minority (approximately...  View Details
      Keywords: Normative Principles; Taxation; Policy; Attitudes; Measurement and Metrics
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      Sher, Itai, and Matthew C. Weinzierl. "Most Individuals Prefer to Compromise among Competing Normative Principles of Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-013, September 2021.
      • Article

      Business Investment in Education in Emerging Markets Since the 1960s

      By: Valeria Giacomin, Geoffrey Jones and Erica Salvaj
      This article examines non-profit investments by business in education in emerging markets between the 1960s and the present day. Using a sample of 110 interviews with business leaders from an oral history database, the study shows that more than three-quarters of such...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic History; Oral History; Education; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Business History; Emerging Markets; Reputation; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Education Industry; Africa; Asia; Latin America; Middle East; India; Chile; Colombia; Sri Lanka; Kenya
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      Giacomin, Valeria, Geoffrey Jones, and Erica Salvaj. "Business Investment in Education in Emerging Markets Since the 1960s." Business History 63, no. 7 (September 2021): 1113–1143.
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