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    • All HBS Web  (6,916)
      • Faculty Publications  (621)

      Social Performance Measurement Remove Social Performance Measurement →

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      Performance Measurement and Accountability in the Social Sector
      The Limits of Nonprofit Impact: A Contingency Framework for Measuring Social Performance
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      • February 2021
      • Article

      Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic and Mary Witkowski
      This article describes the challenges and solutions in determining whether a patient’s treatment has been successful. Such an assessment depends on multiple factors, including the patient’s pretreatment status; the qualifications of personnel performing the treatment;...  View Details
      Keywords: Outcomes Measurement; Health Care And Treatment; Outcome Or Result; measurement And Metrics
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic, and Mary Witkowski. "Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 2, no. 2 (February 2021).
      • January 2021
      • Case

      iOpenEye: Theater and #MeToo in Nigeria

      By: Caroline M. Elkins, Tarun Khanna and Joyce J. Kim
      In 2014, Ifeoma Fafunwa, an award-winning playwright and director, founded iOpenEye, a commercial production company dedicated to driving social change through performance art. iOpenEye’s flagship theatrical production was called “Hear Word! Naija Woman Talk True,”...  View Details
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      Elkins, Caroline M., Tarun Khanna, and Joyce J. Kim. "iOpenEye: Theater and #MeToo in Nigeria." Harvard Business School Case 321-111, January 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?

      By: Tom Nicholas
      Do white collar workers with lower social status in the occupational hierarchy die younger? The influential Whitehall studies of British civil servants identified a strong inverse relationship between employment rank and mortality, but we do not know if this effect...  View Details
      Keywords: Mortality; Status; Socioeconomic Determinants Of Health
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      Nicholas, Tom. "Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-080, January 2021.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Why Connect? Moral Consequences of Networking with a Promotion or Prevention Focus

      By: F. Gino, T. Casciaro and M. Kouchaki
      Networks are a key source of social capital for achieving goals in professional and personal settings. Yet, despite the clear benefits of having an extensive network, individuals often shy away from the opportunity to create new connections because engaging in...  View Details
      Keywords: Networking; Impurity; Morality; Motivation; Regulatory Focus; Networks; Attitudes; Moral Sensibility
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      Gino, F., T. Casciaro, and M. Kouchaki. "Why Connect? Moral Consequences of Networking with a Promotion or Prevention Focus." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 119, no. 6 (December 2020).
      • Article

      Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan

      By: Susanna Gallani, Takehisa Kajiwara and Ranjani Krishnan
      Mandatory measurement and disclosure of outcome measures are commonly used policy tools in healthcare. The effectiveness of such disclosures relies on the extent to which the new information produced by the mandatory system is internalized by the healthcare...  View Details
      Keywords: Value Of Information; Feedback; Patient Satisfaction; Healthcare; Health Care And Treatment; Satisfaction; Information; measurement And Metrics; performance Improvement
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      Gallani, Susanna, Takehisa Kajiwara, and Ranjani Krishnan. "Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan." International Journal of Health Economics and Management 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 319–357.
      • November 25, 2020
      • Article

      How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance

      By: Tsedal Neeley and Sebastian Reiche
      We theorize about how people with positional power enact downward deference—a practice of lowering oneself to be equal to that of lower power workers—based on a study of 115 top global leaders at a large U.S. company. These leaders were charged with advancing...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Leadership Style; Global Range; Relationships; Rank And Position; Power And Influence; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and Sebastian Reiche. "How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance." Academy of Management Journal Published online (November 25, 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Nonprofit Boards: It Is time to Lift Your Gaze and See the System

      By: Shamal Dass, Kristy Muir and V. Kasturi Rangan
      Nonprofits the world over have faced significant crises in 2020, leaving them and their constituents in precarious positions. Responses to these crises have demonstrated incredible agility. However, they have also demonstrated that the first two levels of governance...  View Details
      Keywords: Nonprofit Organizations; Governing And Advisory Boards; Health Pandemics; Governance; Corporate social Responsibility And Impact; System; Framework
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      Dass, Shamal, Kristy Muir, and V. Kasturi Rangan. "Nonprofit Boards: It Is time to Lift Your Gaze and See the System." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-058, November 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Accounting for Product Impact in the Airlines Industry

      By: George Serafeim and Katie Trinh
      We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the airlines industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary impact estimates of fare...  View Details
      Keywords: Product Innovation; Impact; Impact Investing; Impact Measurement; Esg; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg Ratings; Social Corporate Responsibility; Corporate Social Responsibility; Social Impact; Air Transportation; Aviation; Product Design; Product Positioning; Society; Product; Environmental Sustainability; measurement And Metrics; Framework; Corporate social Responsibility And Impact; Air Transportation Industry
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      Serafeim, George, and Katie Trinh. "Accounting for Product Impact in the Airlines Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-066, November 2020.
      • November 3, 2020
      • Article

      Gender Differences in COVID-19 Related Attitudes and Behavior: Evidence from a Panel Survey in Eight OECD Countries

      By: Vincenzo Galasso, Vincent Pons, Paola Profeta, Michael Becher, Sylvain Brouard and Martial Foucault
      Using original data from two waves of a survey conducted in March and April 2020 in eight OECD countries (N = 21,649), we show that women are more likely to see COVID-19 as a very serious health problem, to agree with restraining public policy measures adopted in...  View Details
      Keywords: Covid-19; Health Pandemics; Attitudes; Behavior; Gender; Policy; Governance Compliance
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      Galasso, Vincenzo, Vincent Pons, Paola Profeta, Michael Becher, Sylvain Brouard, and Martial Foucault. "Gender Differences in COVID-19 Related Attitudes and Behavior: Evidence from a Panel Survey in Eight OECD Countries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 44 (November 3, 2020).
      • Article

      Returnable Reciprocity: Returnable Gifts Are More Effective than Unreturnable Gifts at Promoting Virtuous Behaviors

      By: J.J. Zlatev and Rogers, T.
      Increasing virtuous behaviors, such as initiating healthy habits, is an important goal for policymakers and social scientists. To promote compliance with requests to perform virtuous behaviors, we study “returnable reciprocity.” Whereas traditional reciprocity involves...  View Details
      Keywords: Nudges; Reciprocity; Want-should Conflicts; Wellness; Health; Behavior; Change; Well-being
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      Zlatev, J.J., and Rogers, T. "Returnable Reciprocity: Returnable Gifts Are More Effective than Unreturnable Gifts at Promoting Virtuous Behaviors." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 161, Supplement (November 2020): 74–84.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care

      By: Amitabh Chandra, Pragya Kakani and Adam Sacarny
      We develop a simple framework to measure the role of hospital allocation in racial disparities in health care and use it to study Black and white Medicare patients who are treated for heart attacks—a condition where virtually everyone receives care, hospital care is...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care And Treatment; Equality And Inequality; Race; Analysis
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      Chandra, Amitabh, Pragya Kakani, and Adam Sacarny. "Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28018, November 2020.
      • October 2020 (Revised December 2020)
      • Case

      Investing at Pivotal Ventures

      By: Emil N. Siriwardane, Emily R. McComb and Eren Kuzucu
      Launched in 2015 by Melinda Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Pivotal Ventures is an investment and incubation company. The company aims to support and promote transformational ideas, people and organizations, and advance social progress for women...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Management; Mission And Purpose; Venture Capital
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      Siriwardane, Emil N., Emily R. McComb, and Eren Kuzucu. "Investing at Pivotal Ventures." Harvard Business School Case 221-033, October 2020. (Revised December 2020.)
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Supplement

      Student Success at Georgia State University (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      This is a supplement to the Student Success at Georgia State University (A) case. The (B) case includes the results of a randomized control trial that Georgia State conducted to test education technology start-up AdmitHub’s chatbot solution as a strategy for improving...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Values And Beliefs; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Culture; Outcome Or Result; performance; performance Effectiveness; performance Evaluation; performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And Inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-039, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      Student Success at Georgia State University (A)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      Georgia State University had developed a reputation for driving student success by nearly doubling its graduation rate for students of all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It did so while growing its student body and the proportion of Black/African...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Culture; Outcome Or Result; performance; performance Effectiveness; performance Evaluation; Service Operations; performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And Inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (A)." Harvard Business School Case 621-006, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • September 3, 2020
      • Article

      How to Measure a Company's Real Impact

      By: Ronald Cohen and George Serafeim
      Impact transparency will reshape capitalism. By shifting the pursuit of profit away from negligently creating problems to purposefully creating valuable solutions for the world, it will redefine success, so that its measure is not just money, but the positive impact we...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact; Impact Investing; Impact Measurement; Impact Investment; Impact Investment Funds; Accountability; Accounting Information; Corporate Performance; Sustainability; Social Impact; Capitalism; Accounting; Corporate Accountability; performance; measurement And Metrics; social Enterprise; Society
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      Cohen, Ronald, and George Serafeim. "How to Measure a Company's Real Impact." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 3, 2020).
      • 2020
      • Article

      Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research

      By: Jody Grewal and George Serafeim
      We review the literature on corporate sustainability and provide directions for future research. Our review focuses on three actions: measuring, managing and communicating corporate sustainability performance. Measurement is the least developed of the three and...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainability Reporting; Sustainability Management; Nonfinancial Disclosure; Nonfinancial Information; Nonfinancial Performance; Materiality; Esg; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg Disclosure; Esg Disclosure Metrics; Esg Ratings; Esg Reporting; Inequality; Corporate Social Responsibility; Accounting; Finance; Management; Strategy; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Diversity; Equality And Inequality; Corporate Disclosure; measurement And Metrics; Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Corporate social Responsibility And Impact
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      Grewal, Jody, and George Serafeim. "Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research." Foundations and Trends® in Accounting 14, no. 2 (2020): 73–127.
      • Article

      Feeling Authentic Serves as a Buffer Against Rejections

      By: F. Gino and M. Kouchaki
      Social exclusion is a painful yet common experience in many people’s personal and professional lives. This research demonstrates that feeling authentic serves as a buffer against social rejection, leading people to experience less social pain. Across five studies,...  View Details
      Keywords: Authenticity; Social Exclusion; Threat; Decision Making; Perception; Relationships
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      Gino, F., and M. Kouchaki. "Feeling Authentic Serves as a Buffer Against Rejections." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 160 (September 2020): 36–50.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
      In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted...  View Details
      Keywords: Switchback Experiments; Design; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-034, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Time and the Value of Data

      By: Ehsan Valavi, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani and Marco Iansiti
      This paper investigates the effectiveness of time-dependent data in improving the quality of AI-based products and services. Time-dependency means that data loses its relevance to problems over time. This loss causes deterioration in the algorithm's performance and,...  View Details
      Keywords: Economics Of Ai; Machine Learning; Non-stationarity; Perishability; Value Depreciation
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      Valavi, Ehsan, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani, and Marco Iansiti. "Time and the Value of Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-016, August 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Entrepreneurs (Co-) Working in Close Proximity: Impacts on Technology Adoption and Startup Performance Outcomes

      By: Maria P. Roche, Alexander Oettl and Christian Catalini
      Entrepreneurs learn from a variety of sources. One particularly important channel is learning from fellow entrepreneurs. In this paper, we examine the influence of physical proximity on technology adoption decisions and subsequent startup performance outcomes at one of...  View Details
      Keywords: Coworking; Proximity; Knowledge Flows
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      Roche, Maria P., Alexander Oettl, and Christian Catalini. "Entrepreneurs (Co-) Working in Close Proximity: Impacts on Technology Adoption and Startup Performance Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-024, May 2020.
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      Performance Measurement and Accountability in the Social Sector
      The Limits of Nonprofit Impact: A Contingency Framework for Measuring Social Performance
      → Search All HBS Web
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