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      • November 2023
      • Case

      Tata Group in 2021: Pursuing Profits through Purpose

      By: Tarun Khanna, Krishna G. Palepu and Vidhya Muthuram
      October 8, 2021: Tata Sons won a bid to acquire India’s national carrier Air India, marking the airline's return to its original owners after 68 long years. The winning bid of $2.4 billion gave Tata Sons full ownership of the airline and its coveted network of 6,200...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Emerging Markets; Mergers and Acquisitions; Ownership; Air Transportation Industry; India
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      Khanna, Tarun, Krishna G. Palepu, and Vidhya Muthuram. "Tata Group in 2021: Pursuing Profits through Purpose." Harvard Business School Case 124-047, November 2023.
      • November 2023
      • Article

      Psychological Factors Underlying Attitudes toward AI Tools

      By: Julian De Freitas, Stuti Agarwal, B. Schmitt and N. Haslam
      What are the psychological factors driving attitudes toward AI tools, and how can resistance to AI systems be overcome when they are beneficial? In this perspective, we first organize the main sources of resistance into five main categories: opacity, emotionlessness,...  View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Self; AI and Machine Learning; Attitudes; Technology Adoption
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      De Freitas, Julian, Stuti Agarwal, B. Schmitt, and N. Haslam. "Psychological Factors Underlying Attitudes toward AI Tools." Nature Human Behaviour 7, no. 11 (November 2023): 1845–1854.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Buy-In Effect: When Increasing Initial Effort Motivates Behavioral Follow-Through

      By: Holly Dykstra, Shibeal O'Flaherty and A.V. Whillans
      Behavioral interventions often focus on reducing friction to encourage behavior change. In contrast, we provide evidence that adding friction can promote long-term behavior change when behaviors involve repeated costly efforts over longer time horizons. In...  View Details
      Keywords: Friction; Behavior; Environmental Sustainability; Transportation; Outcome or Result
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      Dykstra, Holly, Shibeal O'Flaherty, and A.V. Whillans. "The Buy-In Effect: When Increasing Initial Effort Motivates Behavioral Follow-Through." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-020, October 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Emotion Regulation Contagion

      By: Michael Pinus, Eran Halperin, Yajun Cao, Alin Coman, James Gross and Amit Goldenberg
      In intergroup conflicts, emotion regulation interventions can decrease negative intergroup emotions and increase support for concessions. However, it is usually infeasible to provide emotion regulation interventions to everyone in a population of interest. This raises...  View Details
      Keywords: Groups and Teams; Emotions; Conflict and Resolution
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      Pinus, Michael, Eran Halperin, Yajun Cao, Alin Coman, James Gross, and Amit Goldenberg. "Emotion Regulation Contagion." Working Paper, October 2023. (OSF Preprint.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Words Can Hurt: How Political Communication Can Change the Pace of an Epidemic

      By: Jessica Gagete-Miranda, Lucas Argentieri Mariani and Paula Rettl
      While elite-cue effects on public opinion are well-documented, questions remain as to when and why voters use elite cues to inform their opinions and behaviors. Using experimental and observational data from Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, we study how leader...  View Details
      Keywords: Elites; Public Engagement; Politics; Political Affiliation; Political Campaigns; Political Influence; Political Leadership; Political Economy; Survey Research; COVID-19; COVID-19 Pandemic; COVID; Cognitive Psychology; Cognitive Biases; Political Elections; Voting; Power and Influence; Identity; Behavior; Latin America; Brazil
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      Gagete-Miranda, Jessica, Lucas Argentieri Mariani, and Paula Rettl. "Words Can Hurt: How Political Communication Can Change the Pace of an Epidemic." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-022, October 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Esquel Group

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 307-076 and 322-058. These cases focus on the experience of China's largest shirt manufacturer, Esquel Group, and how it manages various aspects of government relations in China and abroad. The A case identifies a wide variety of social...  View Details
      Keywords: Government and Politics; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Esquel Group." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 324-042, September 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Roche: ESG and Access to Healthcare

      By: George Serafeim
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 123-075. In May 2022, Roche Group, one of the largest healthcare companies in the world, hosted its first ESG investor event focused exclusively on its efforts to impact access to healthcare. While Roche had recently set an ambitious goal...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Access To Care; Healthcare; Healthcare Access; Innovation; Social Impact; Affordable; Product Development; Health Care and Treatment; Innovation and Invention; Health Industry
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      Serafeim, George. "Roche: ESG and Access to Healthcare." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 124-028, September 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Case

      FoodCloud: Tackling Food Insecurity and Climate Change in One Bite

      By: Brian Trelstad and Emer Moloney
      In 2013, Aoibheann O’Brien and Iseult Ward founded FoodCloud, a non-profit social enterprise that aimed to address food waste and food insecurity issues. Through its technology platform, Foodiverse, FoodCloud connected surplus food from retailers with community groups...  View Details
      Keywords: Green Technology Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Republic of Ireland; Europe
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Emer Moloney. "FoodCloud: Tackling Food Insecurity and Climate Change in One Bite." Harvard Business School Case 324-031, September 2023.
      • July 2023
      • Article

      Negative Expressions Are Shared More on Twitter for Public Figures Than for Ordinary Users

      By: Jonas P. Schöne, David Garcia, Brian Parkinson and Amit Goldenberg
      Social media users tend to produce content that contains more positive than negative emotional language. However, negative emotional language is more likely to be shared. To understand why, research has thus far focused on psychological processes associated with...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Media; Emotions
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      Schöne, Jonas P., David Garcia, Brian Parkinson, and Amit Goldenberg. "Negative Expressions Are Shared More on Twitter for Public Figures Than for Ordinary Users." PNAS Nexus 2, no. 7 (July 2023).
      • June 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Agricultural Revolution without a Land Revolution: The Megafarms of CP Group

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 316-150. The case introduces students to an innovative new agricultural venture on the outskirts of Beijing. It can be used as a platform to discuss broader issues of agricultural policy reform and regional disparities in social and...  View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Policy; Economic Growth; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Thailand
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Agricultural Revolution without a Land Revolution: The Megafarms of CP Group." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 323-121, June 2023.
      • June 2023
      • Supplement

      Roche: ESG and Access to Healthcare

      By: George Serafeim
      In May 2022, Roche Group, one of the largest healthcare companies in the world, hosted its first ESG investor event focused exclusively on its efforts to impact access to healthcare. While Roche had recently set an ambitious goal to double the number of patients that...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Sustainable Finance; Growth Strategy And Execution; Sustainability Targets; Impact Evaluation; Healthcare Access; Healthcare Innovation; Healthcare Systems; Healthcare Operations; Finance; Strategy; Health Testing and Trials; Health Care and Treatment; Growth Management; Measurement and Metrics; Innovation Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Switzerland; North America; Europe; Asia; Latin America; Africa
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      Serafeim, George. "Roche: ESG and Access to Healthcare." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 123-713, June 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness

      By: Neil Menghani, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
      In this paper, we develop a new criterion, "insufficiently justified disparate impact" (IJDI), for assessing whether recommendations (binarized predictions) made by an algorithmic decision support tool are fair. Our novel, utility-based IJDI criterion evaluates false...  View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Forecasting and Prediction; Prejudice and Bias
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      Menghani, Neil, Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness." Working Paper, June 2023.
      • June 2023
      • Teaching Note

      From Cradle to Heaven: Taikang Insurance Group

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 320-088. The case explores the rise of Taikang Insurance Group and its quest to be a leader of one of China's fastest-growing industries. Due to China's underdeveloped social welfare state, Taikang saw an opportunity for the private...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Government and Politics; Health Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "From Cradle to Heaven: Taikang Insurance Group." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 323-126, June 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Teams in the Digital Workplace: Technology's Role for Communication, Collaboration, and Performance

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Paul Leonardi, Noshir Contractor and Leslie DeChurch
      This paper addresses the need for theoretical advancements in understanding team processes and the impact of technology on teams. Specifically, it examines the use of digital collaboration technologies by organizational teams and their effect on team communication and...  View Details
      Keywords: Affordances; Groups and Teams; Communication Technology; Social Media; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Perception
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Paul Leonardi, Noshir Contractor, and Leslie DeChurch. "Teams in the Digital Workplace: Technology's Role for Communication, Collaboration, and Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-079, June 2023. (Accepted by Small Group Research. Revised July 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Karim R. Lakhani and Roberto Fernandez
      Competence development in digital technologies, analytics, and artificial intelligence is increasingly important to all types of organizations and their workforce. Universities and corporations are investing heavily in developing training programs, at all tenure...  View Details
      Keywords: STEM; Selection and Staffing; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Training; Equality and Inequality; Competency and Skills
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Karim R. Lakhani, and Roberto Fernandez. "Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-066, April 2023. (Accepted by Organization Science.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Causes and Consequences of State Violence against Civilians: The Rohingya of Myanmar

      By: C. Austin Davis, Paula Lopez-Pena, A. Mushfiq Mobarak and Jaya Wen
      The Rohingya crisis is a severe, ongoing conflict involving large-scale violence and forced displacement, yet its causes are contested and its consequences lack systematic documentation. We marshal a variety of existing and original data to shed light on its drivers,...  View Details
      Keywords: War; Conflict and Resolution; Motivation and Incentives; Developing Countries and Economies; Myanmar
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      Davis, C. Austin, Paula Lopez-Pena, A. Mushfiq Mobarak, and Jaya Wen. "Causes and Consequences of State Violence against Civilians: The Rohingya of Myanmar." Working Paper, August 2023.
      • May–June 2023
      • Article

      Unmasking Behaviors During the Pandemic with Video Analytics

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Kaiquan Xu and Kannan Srinivasan
      In 2020, as the novel coronavirus spread globally, face masks were recommended in public settings to protect against and slow down viral transmission. People complied to varying extents, and their reactions may have been driven by a variety of psychological factors....  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Social Influence; Social Norms; Health Pandemics; Behavior
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Kaiquan Xu, and Kannan Srinivasan. "Unmasking Behaviors During the Pandemic with Video Analytics." Marketing Science 42, no. 3 (May–June 2023): 440–450.
      • March 2023 (Revised September 2023)
      • Case

      Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'

      By: Brian Trelstad, Nien-hê Hsieh, Michael Norris and Susan Pinckney
      In September 2022, Yvon Chouinard, the iconoclastic founder of outdoor apparel company Patagonia, announced a new ownership model for his company. Chouinard and his family had held complete control of the company's voting and non-voting stock since its founding 50...  View Details
      Keywords: Trusts; Business Ventures; Business Organization; Family Business; Restructuring; Change; Disruption; Transition; Decision Making; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Finance; Financial Management; Governance; Corporate Governance; Investment Activism; Leadership; Labor; Law; Common Law; Management; Goals and Objectives; Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Ownership; Ownership Type; Family Ownership; Private Ownership; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Society; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Value; Value Creation; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
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      Trelstad, Brian, Nien-hê Hsieh, Michael Norris, and Susan Pinckney. "Patagonia: 'Earth Is Now Our Only Shareholder'." Harvard Business School Case 323-057, March 2023. (Revised September 2023.)
      • March 2023 (Revised July 2023)
      • Case

      Deepa Bachu (A): Design Thinking at Pensaar Design

      By: Thomas Graeber, Joshua Schwartzstein and Amram Migdal
      In this case, set in June 2019 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Deepa Bachu of Pensaar Design and her team work with client ITC Ltd. to use design thinking and behavioral experiments to improve workplace safety and strive toward the company’s zero-accident goal. The...  View Details
      Keywords: Buildings and Facilities; Design; Education; Training; Labor; Working Conditions; Management; Business or Company Management; Operations; Production; Organizations; Business Processes; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Outcome or Result; Failure; Success; Performance; Performance Improvement; Programs; Relationships; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Groups and Teams; Labor and Management Relations; Rank and Position; Safety; Social Psychology; Attitudes; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Trust; Well-being; Consulting Industry; Pulp and Paper Industry; Manufacturing Industry; India
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      Graeber, Thomas, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Amram Migdal. "Deepa Bachu (A): Design Thinking at Pensaar Design." Harvard Business School Case 923-026, March 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
      • March 2023
      • Supplement

      Deepa Bachu (B): Insights and Experiments at Pensaar Design

      By: Thomas Graeber, Joshua Schwartzstein and Amram Migdal
      In this case, set in June 2019 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Deepa Bachu of Pensaar Design and her team work with client ITC Ltd. to use design thinking and behavioral experiments to improve workplace safety and strive toward the company’s zero-accident goal. The...  View Details
      Keywords: Buildings and Facilities; Design; Education; Training; Labor; Working Conditions; Management; Business or Company Management; Operations; Production; Organizations; Business Processes; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Outcome or Result; Failure; Success; Performance; Performance Improvement; Programs; Relationships; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Groups and Teams; Labor and Management Relations; Rank and Position; Safety; Social Psychology; Attitudes; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Trust; Well-being; Consulting Industry; Pulp and Paper Industry; Manufacturing Industry; India
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      Graeber, Thomas, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Amram Migdal. "Deepa Bachu (B): Insights and Experiments at Pensaar Design." Harvard Business School Supplement 923-034, March 2023.
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