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Publications

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Post-market Surveillance of Software Medical Devices: Evidence from Regulatory Data

      By: Alexander O. Everhart and Ariel D. Stern
      Medical devices increasingly include software components, which facilitate remote patient monitoring. The introduction of software into previously analog medical devices as well as innovation in software-driven devices may introduce new safety concerns—all the more so...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Safety; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Health Care and Treatment; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Everhart, Alexander O., and Ariel D. Stern. "Post-market Surveillance of Software Medical Devices: Evidence from Regulatory Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-035, November 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Issuance and Design of Sustainability-linked Loans

      By: Maria Loumioti and George Serafeim
      Sustainability-linked loans (i.e., syndicated loans for which pricing is linked to a sustainability performance indicator) have rapidly evolved into a significant private debt product. We find that sustainability-linked lending has been available mostly to borrowers...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainability Management; Credit Products; Loan Contracts; Loans; Corporate Finance; Credit Risk; Environment; ESG; ESG Ratings; Climate Change; Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Risk and Uncertainty; Credit
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      Loumioti, Maria, and George Serafeim. "The Issuance and Design of Sustainability-linked Loans." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-027, November 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      When Less Is More: Using Short-term Signals to Overcome Systematic Bias in Long-run Targeting

      By: Ta-Wei Huang and Eva Ascarza
      Firms are increasingly interested in developing targeted interventions for customers with the best response. Doing so requires firms to identify differences in customer sensitivity, which they often obtain using uplift modeling (i.e., heterogeneous treatment effect...  View Details
      Keywords: Long-run Targeting; Heterogeneous Treatment Effect; Statistical Surrogacy; Customer Churn; Field Experiments; Consumer Behavior; Customer Focus and Relationships; AI and Machine Learning; Marketing
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      Huang, Ta-Wei, and Eva Ascarza. "When Less Is More: Using Short-term Signals to Overcome Systematic Bias in Long-run Targeting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-023, October 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      A Spanner in the Works: Category-Spanning Entrants and Audience Valuation of Incumbents

      By: Rory M. McDonald and Ryan T. Allen
      Previous work has examined how audiences evaluate category-spanning organizations, but little is known about how their entrance affects evaluations of other, proximate organizations. We posit that the emergence of category-spanning entrants signals the advent of an...  View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Industries; Industry Dynamics; Organization And Management Theory; Technology Strategy; Technology And Innovation Management; Entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Strategy; Management; Theory; Innovation and Management
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      McDonald, Rory M., and Ryan T. Allen. "A Spanner in the Works: Category-Spanning Entrants and Audience Valuation of Incumbents." Strategy Science 7, no. 6 (September 2022): 190–209.
      • August 2022
      • Article

      The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices

      By: Aaron R. Brough, David A. Norton, Shannon L. Sciarappa and Leslie K. John
      Drawing from a content analysis of publicly traded companies’ privacy notices, a survey of managers, a field study, and five online experiments, this research investigates how consumers respond to privacy notices. A privacy notice, by placing legally enforceable limits...  View Details
      Keywords: Choice; Purchase Intent; Privacy; Privacy Notices; Warnings; Assurances; Information Disclosure; Trust; Consumer Behavior; Spending; Decisions; Information; Communication
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      Brough, Aaron R., David A. Norton, Shannon L. Sciarappa, and Leslie K. John. "The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 59, no. 4 (August 2022): 739–754.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Punishing Without Looking for Reputational Gain

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Nour S. Kteily
      Punishing wrongdoers can confer reputational benefits, and people sometimes punish without careful consideration. But are these two observations related? Do people “punish without looking” for reputational gain? And if so, is this because unquestioning...  View Details
      Keywords: Opposing Perspectives; Outrage Culture; Signaling; Ideology; Moralistic Punishment; Perspective; Behavior; Reputation; Decision Making
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Nour S. Kteily. "Punishing Without Looking for Reputational Gain." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-073, June 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
      • April 2022
      • Article

      Consumers Value Effort over Ease When Caring for Close Others

      By: Ximena Garcia-Rada, Mary Steffel, Elanor F. Williams and Michael I. Norton
      Many products and services are designed to make caregiving easier, from premade meals for feeding families to robo-cribs that automatically rock babies to sleep. Yet, using these products may come with a cost: consumers may feel they have not exerted enough effort....  View Details
      Keywords: Effor; Caregiving; Close Relationships; Symbolic Meaning; Signaling; Relationships; Consumer Behavior; Perception
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      Garcia-Rada, Ximena, Mary Steffel, Elanor F. Williams, and Michael I. Norton. "Consumers Value Effort over Ease When Caring for Close Others." Journal of Consumer Research 48, no. 6 (April 2022): 970–990.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Gone with the Big Data: Institutional Lender Demand for Private Information

      By: Jung Koo Kang
      I explore whether the value of borrowers’ private information is an important determinant of institutional lender participation in syndicated loans. Institutional lenders have been shown to exploit their access to borrowers’ private information by trading on it in...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Institutions; Financing and Loans; Information; Data and Data Sets
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      Kang, Jung Koo. "Gone with the Big Data: Institutional Lender Demand for Private Information." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-053, January 2022. (Revised February 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Consumer Reviews and Regulation: Evidence from NYC Restaurants: Evidence from NYC Restaurants

      By: Chiara Farronato and Georgios Zervas
      We investigate the informativeness of hygiene signals in online reviews, and their effect on consumer choice and restaurant hygiene. We first extract signals of hygiene from Yelp. Among all dimensions that regulators monitor through mandated restaurant inspections, we...  View Details
      Keywords: Restaurants; Reviews; Hygiene; Yelp; Regulation; Food; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Consumer Behavior
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      Farronato, Chiara, and Georgios Zervas. "Consumer Reviews and Regulation: Evidence from NYC Restaurants: Evidence from NYC Restaurants." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29715, February 2022.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Going Beyond the ‘Self’ in Self-Control: Interpersonal Consequences of Commitment Strategy Use

      By: Ariella Kristal and Julian Zlatev
      Commitment strategies are effective mechanisms individuals can use to overcome self-control problems. In this paper we explore the negative interpersonal consequences of commitment strategy use. In an incentivized trust game (Study 1), we demonstrate that individuals...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-control; Willpower; Commitment Strategies; Goals and Objectives; Behavior; Strategy; Perception
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      Kristal, Ariella, and Julian Zlatev. "Going Beyond the ‘Self’ in Self-Control: Interpersonal Consequences of Commitment Strategy Use." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-033, November 2021.
      • September 15, 2021
      • Article

      Improving Deconvolution Methods in Biology Through Open Innovation Competitions: An Application to the Connectivity Map

      By: Andrea Blasco, Ted Natoli, Michael G. Endres, Rinat A. Sergeev, Steven Randazzo, Jin Hyun Paik, N.J. Maximilian Macaluso, Rajiv Narayan, Xiaodong Lu, David Peck, Karim R. Lakhani and Aravind Subramanian
      A recurring problem in biomedical research is how to isolate signals of distinct populations (cell types, tissues, and genes) from composite measures obtained by a single analyte or sensor. Existing computational deconvolution approaches work well in many specific...  View Details
      Keywords: Deconvolution; Methods; Open Innovation Competition; Genomics; Research; Innovation and Invention
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      Blasco, Andrea, Ted Natoli, Michael G. Endres, Rinat A. Sergeev, Steven Randazzo, Jin Hyun Paik, N.J. Maximilian Macaluso, Rajiv Narayan, Xiaodong Lu, David Peck, Karim R. Lakhani, and Aravind Subramanian. "Improving Deconvolution Methods in Biology Through Open Innovation Competitions: An Application to the Connectivity Map." Bioinformatics 37, no. 18 (September 15, 2021).
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Learning from Deregulation: The Asymmetric Impact of Lockdown and Reopening on Risky Behavior During COVID-19

      By: Edward L. Glaeser, Ginger Zhe Jin, Michael Luca and Benjamin T. Leyden
      During the COVID-19 pandemic, states issued and then rescinded stay-at-home orders that restricted mobility. We develop a model of learning by deregulation, which predicts that lifting stay-at-home orders can signal that going out has become safer. Using restaurant...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Lockdown; Reopening; Impact; Coronavirus; Public Health Measures; Mobility; Health Pandemics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Consumer Behavior
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      Glaeser, Edward L., Ginger Zhe Jin, Michael Luca, and Benjamin T. Leyden. "Learning from Deregulation: The Asymmetric Impact of Lockdown and Reopening on Risky Behavior During COVID-19." Special Issue on COVID-19 and Regional Economies. Journal of Regional Science 61, no. 4 (September 2021): 696–709.
      • August 2021
      • Technical Note

      Brand You: Crafting Your Personal Brand

      By: Jill Avery and Rachel Greenwald
      Selling oneself is something that we have to do every day in both professional and personal settings. We face it when we apply for a job, advocate for a promotion or a raise, vie for a leadership position, attempt to land a new client, write a dating profile, or meet a...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Brand; Brand Management; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Identity; Opportunities; Talent and Talent Management; Jobs and Positions; Strength and Weakness; Communication
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      Avery, Jill, and Rachel Greenwald. "Brand You: Crafting Your Personal Brand." Harvard Business School Technical Note 522-031, August 2021.
      • August 2021
      • Article

      Voter Mobilization and Trust in Electoral Institutions: Evidence from Kenya

      By: Benjamin Marx, Vincent Pons and Tavneet Suri
      Voter mobilization campaigns face trade-offs in young democracies. In a large-scale experiment implemented in 2013 with the Kenyan Electoral Commission (IEBC), text messages intended to mobilize voters boosted participation but also decreased trust in electoral...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Participation; Electoral Institutions; Field Experiment; Voting; Political Elections; Behavior; Trust
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      Marx, Benjamin, Vincent Pons, and Tavneet Suri. "Voter Mobilization and Trust in Electoral Institutions: Evidence from Kenya." Economic Journal 131, no. 638 (August 2021): 2585–2612.
      • June 2021
      • Article

      Does the Freedom of Information Act Foil the Securities and Exchange Commission's Intent to Keep Investigations Confidential?

      By: Braiden Coleman, Kenneth Merkley, Brian Miller and Joseph Pacelli
      The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has a long-standing policy to keep formal investigations confidential. In this study, we examine the extent to which compliance with the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) provides investors with information about ongoing SEC...  View Details
      Keywords: Securities And Exchange Commission (SEC) Investigations; Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA); Exemption Denials
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      Coleman, Braiden, Kenneth Merkley, Brian Miller, and Joseph Pacelli. "Does the Freedom of Information Act Foil the Securities and Exchange Commission's Intent to Keep Investigations Confidential?" Management Science 67, no. 6 (June 2021).
      • 2021
      • Article

      To Thine Own Self Be True? Incentive Problems in Personalized Law

      By: Jordan M. Barry, John William Hatfield and Scott Duke Kominers
      Recent years have seen an explosion of scholarship on “personalized law.” Commentators foresee a world in which regulators armed with big data and machine learning techniques determine the optimal legal rule for every regulated party, then instantaneously disseminate...  View Details
      Keywords: Personalized Law; Regulation; Regulatory Avoidance; Regulatory Arbitrage; Law And Economics; Law And Technology; Law And Artificial Intelligence; Futurism; Moral Hazard; Elicitation; Signaling; Privacy; Law; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Information Technology; AI and Machine Learning
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      Barry, Jordan M., John William Hatfield, and Scott Duke Kominers. "To Thine Own Self Be True? Incentive Problems in Personalized Law." Art. 2. William & Mary Law Review 62, no. 3 (2021).
      • May 2021 (Revised September 2021)
      • Case

      CPE and SUS Environmental: You've Got to Know When to Hold 'Em (A)

      By: Josh Lerner and Franko Jira
      In July 2016, Di Yang and Grace Guo of the leading Chinese private equity group CPE faced a dilemma—a happy dilemma, but a challenge nonetheless. CPE’s investment in the waste-to-energy firm SUS Environment had proved to be exceedingly successful. This success had...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Private Equity; Financial Liquidity; Investment Return; Growth and Development
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      Lerner, Josh, and Franko Jira. "CPE and SUS Environmental: You've Got to Know When to Hold 'Em (A)." Harvard Business School Case 821-085, May 2021. (Revised September 2021.)
      • Article

      Emotional Acknowledgment: How Verbalizing Others' Emotions Fosters Interpersonal Trust

      By: Alisa Yu, Justin M. Berg and Julian Zlatev
      People often respond to others’ emotions using verbal acknowledgment (e.g., “You seem upset”). Yet, little is known about the relational benefits and risks of acknowledging others’ emotions in the workplace. We draw upon Costly Signaling Theory to posit how emotional...  View Details
      Keywords: Emotion; Costly Signaling; Interpersonal Trust; Emotional Valence; Interpersonal Relationships; Empathic Accuracy; Emotions; Relationships; Trust; Interpersonal Communication
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      Yu, Alisa, Justin M. Berg, and Julian Zlatev. "Emotional Acknowledgment: How Verbalizing Others' Emotions Fosters Interpersonal Trust." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 164 (May 2021): 116–135.
      • May 2021
      • Article

      The Firm Next Door: Using Satellite Images to Study Local Information Advantage

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Lorien Stice-Lawrence and Forester Wong
      We use novel satellite data that track the number of cars in the parking lots of 92,668 stores for 71 publicly listed U.S. retailers to study the local information advantage of institutional investors. We establish car counts as a timely measure of store-level...  View Details
      Keywords: Satellite Images; Store-level Performance; Institutional Investors; Local Advantage; Overweighting; Processing Costs; Alternative Data; Big Data; Emerging Technologies; Information; Quality; Institutional Investing; Decision Making; Behavioral Finance; Analytics and Data Science
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Lorien Stice-Lawrence, and Forester Wong. "The Firm Next Door: Using Satellite Images to Study Local Information Advantage." Journal of Accounting Research 59, no. 2 (May 2021): 713–750.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Canary Categories

      By: Eric Anderson, Chaoqun Chen, Ayelet Israeli and Duncan Simester
      Past customer spending in a category is generally a positive signal of future customer spending. We show that there exist “Canary Categories” for which the reverse is true. The more customers purchase in these categories, the less likely these customers are to return...  View Details
      Keywords: Churn; Churn Management; Churn/retention; Retention; Assortment Planning; Retail; Retailing; Retailing Industry; Preference Heterogeneity; Customer Relationship Management; Consumer Behavior; Retail Industry; United States
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      Anderson, Eric, Chaoqun Chen, Ayelet Israeli, and Duncan Simester. "Canary Categories." Working Paper, August 2022.
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