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  • All HBS Web  (43)
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    • All HBS Web  (43)
      • Faculty Publications  (19)

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      • Article

      Short-Termism and Capital Flows

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      During 2007–2016, S&P 500 firms distributed to shareholders $7 trillion via buybacks and dividends, over 96% of their aggregate net income, prompting claims that "short-termism" is impairing firms' ability to invest and innovate. We show that, when taking into account...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; Quarterly Capitalism; Share Buybacks; Open Market Repurchases; Dividends; Equity Issuances; Seasoned Equity Offerings; Equity Compensastion; Acquisitions; Payout Policy; Capital Flows; Capital Distribution; Working Capital; Business and Shareholder Relations; Acquisition
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Short-Termism and Capital Flows." Review of Corporate Finance Studies 8, no. 1 (March 2019): 207–233.
      • January 2018 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      Capital Allocation at HCA

      By: W. Carl Kester and Emily R. McComb
      In early 2017, HCA Holdings, an investor-owned hospital management company, faced a strategically important capital allocation decision. After the exit of its private equity sponsors in 2016, HCA had to determine how best to allocate its substantial annual free cash...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Allocation; Cash Distribution Policy; Dividends; Share Repurchases; Growth Strategy And Execution; Growth Investing; Capital Expenditures; Debt Management; Debt Reduction; Debt Policy; Hospital Management; Investor-owned Hospital Chains; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Decision Choices and Conditions; Health Industry; United States
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Emily R. McComb. "Capital Allocation at HCA." Harvard Business School Case 218-039, January 2018. (Revised April 2021.)
      • November 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Generating Higher Value at IBM (A) and (B)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
      Teaching Note for HBS Nos. 215-058 and 215-059.  View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 218-037, November 2017.
      • June 2015
      • Supplement

      Generating Higher Value at IBM (A): EPS Forecasting Model

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
      This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam...  View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (A): EPS Forecasting Model." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 215-711, June 2015.
      • June 2015 (Revised September 2017)
      • Supplement

      Generating Higher Value at IBM

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
      This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam...  View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 215-710, June 2015. (Revised September 2017.)
      • May 2015 (Revised December 2016)
      • Supplement

      Generating Higher Value at IBM (B)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
      Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Value Creation; Financial Statements; Corporate Finance; Computer Industry
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 215-059, May 2015. (Revised December 2016.)
      • May 2015 (Revised September 2017)
      • Case

      Generating Higher Value at IBM (A)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
      This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam...  View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM (A)." Harvard Business School Case 215-058, May 2015. (Revised September 2017.)
      • October 2014
      • Teaching Note

      Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A) and (B)

      By: Mihir A. Desai and Elizabeth Meyer
      This is the teaching note to HBS case 214-085: Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A).  View Details
      Keywords: Apple; Steve Jobs; Forecast; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Shareholder Activism; Share Repurchase; Dividends; Financial Ratios; Preferred Shares; Cash Distribution; Corporate Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Republic of Ireland
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      Desai, Mihir A., and Elizabeth Meyer. "Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 215-022, October 2014.
      • October 2014
      • Supplement

      Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 Excel Supplement

      By: Mihir Desai and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This is the Excel Supplement to Teaching Note 215-022: Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A) - (B).  View Details
      Keywords: Apple; Steve Jobs; Forecast; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Shareholder Activism; Share Repurchase; Dividends; Financial Ratios; Preferred Shares; Cash Distribution; Corporate Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; United States; Republic of Ireland
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      Desai, Mihir, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 Excel Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 215-703, October 2014.
      • October 2014
      • Supplement

      Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 Powerpoint Supplement

      By: Mihir Desai and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This is the PowerPoint supplement to the teaching note: Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A) - (B), number 215-022.  View Details
      Keywords: Apple; Steve Jobs; Forecast; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Shareholder Activism; Share Repurchase; Dividends; Financial Ratios; Preferred Shares; Cash Distribution; Corporate Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Republic of Ireland
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      Desai, Mihir, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 Powerpoint Supplement." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 215-023, October 2014.
      • June 2014
      • Case

      Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A)

      By: Mihir A. Desai and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      By the end of 2013, Apple had $137 billion dollars in cash and marketable securities. This case explores how companies can generate such large amounts of cash and how and if they should distribute it to shareholders, especially in the face of shareholder pressure. In...  View Details
      Keywords: Apple; Steve Jobs; Forecast; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Shareholder Activism; Share Repurchase; Dividends; Financial Ratios; Preferred Shares; Cash Distribution; Corporate Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Republic of Ireland
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      Desai, Mihir A., and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-085, June 2014.
      • June 2014
      • Supplement

      Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 Student Supplement

      By: Mihir Desai and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This is the student spreadsheet supplement to case 214-085, Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A).  View Details
      Keywords: Apple; Steve Jobs; Forecast; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Shareholder Activism; Share Repurchase; Dividends; Financial Ratios; Preferred Shares; Cash Distribution; Corporate Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Republic of Ireland
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      Desai, Mihir, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 Student Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 214-714, June 2014.
      • June 2014
      • Supplement

      Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (B)

      By: Mihir Desai and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This case is meant to accompany Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A) and details the results of Apple's Q2 2013 earnings call.  View Details
      Keywords: Apple; Steve Jobs; Forecast; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Shareholder Activism; Share Repurchase; Dividends; Financial Ratios; Preferred Shares; Cash Distribution; Corporate Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Republic of Ireland
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      Desai, Mihir, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 214-094, June 2014.
      • April 2012
      • Background Note

      Note: Net Cash, Share Repurchases and EPS Growth

      By: William E. Fruhan Jr.
      How companies with large net cash positions can enhance earnings/share through share repurchase in an environment of low interest rates.  View Details
      Keywords: Stock Shares; Corporate Finance
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      Fruhan, William E., Jr. "Note: Net Cash, Share Repurchases and EPS Growth." Harvard Business School Background Note 212-101, April 2012.
      • April 2012
      • Article

      Share Issuance and Factor Timing

      By: Robin Greenwood and Samuel G. Hanson
      We show that characteristics of stock issuers can be used to forecast important common factors in stocks' returns such as those associated with book-to-market, size, and industry. Specifically, we use differences between the attributes of stock issuers and repurchasers...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment Portfolio; Stock Shares; Forecasting and Prediction; Investment Return; Policy; Profit
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Samuel G. Hanson. "Share Issuance and Factor Timing." Journal of Finance 67, no. 2 (April 2012): 761–798. (Internet Appendix Here.)
      • 2010
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Share Issuance and Factor Timing

      By: Robin Greenwood and Samuel Hanson
      We show that characteristics of stock issuers can be used to forecast important common factors in stocks returns such as those associated with book-to-market, size, and industry. Specifically, we use differences between the attributes of stock issuers and repurchasers...  View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Equity; Stocks; Stock Shares; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Price; Performance Evaluation
      Citation
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Samuel Hanson. "Share Issuance and Factor Timing." December 2010. (Appendix. Previously titled "Characteristic Timing," NBER Working Paper Series, No. 15948.)
      • January 2001 (Revised March 2002)
      • Case

      Ford Motor Company's Value Enhancement Plan

      By: Andre F. Perold
      In April 2000, Ford Motor Co. announced a shareholder Value Enhancement Plan (VEP) to significantly recapitalize the firm's ownership structure. Ford had accumulated $23 billion in cash reserves and under the VEP would return as much as $10 billion of this cash to...  View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Forecasting and Prediction; Capital Structure; Cash; Financial Liquidity; Policy; Business and Shareholder Relations; Value; Auto Industry
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      Perold, Andre F. "Ford Motor Company's Value Enhancement Plan." Harvard Business School Case 201-079, January 2001. (Revised March 2002.)
      • March 2000
      • Case

      Dell Computer Corporation: Share Repurchase Program

      By: George C. Chacko and Luis M. Viceira
      Dell Computer Corp. announced a share repurchase program shortly after a significant stock price drop. In this announcement, the company also states that it will use options contracts. This case looks at the options transactions and how they relate to Dell's employee...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Strategy; Stock Options; Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Computer Industry
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      Chacko, George C., and Luis M. Viceira. "Dell Computer Corporation: Share Repurchase Program." Harvard Business School Case 200-056, March 2000.
      • August 1998
      • Case

      General Motors Corp. (D),The : 1993-1996

      By: Peter Tufano
      The fourth in a four-part series, the case details the financial policies and practices at General Motors from 1990 to 1996. This case describes the set of financial decisions taken by the firm as its business recovered, and focuses on an immediate decision faced by...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Finance; Auto Industry; United States
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      Tufano, Peter, Markus Mullarkey, and William J Widlern. "General Motors Corp. (D),The : 1993-1996." Harvard Business School Case 299-009, August 1998.
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