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  • Article

Resilience vs. Vulnerability: Psychological Safety and Reporting of Near Misses with Varying Proximity to Harm in Radiation Oncology
By: Olivia Jung, Palak Kundu, Amy C. Edmondson, John Hegde, Nzhde Agazaryan, Michael Steinberg and Ann Raldow
Background
Psychological safety, a shared belief that interpersonal risk taking is safe, is an important determinant of incident reporting. However, how psychological safety affects near-miss reporting is unclear, as near misses contain contrasting cues that...  View Details
Keywords: Psychological Safety; Near-miss Reporting; Health Care And Treatment; Safety
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  • July 28, 2020
  • Article

Economic Vulnerability of Households with Essential Workers
By: Grace McCormack, Christopher Avery, Ariella Kahn-Lang Spitzer and Amitabh Chandra
The label of “essential worker” reflects society’s needs but does not mean that society has compensated those workers for additional risks incurred on the job during the current pandemic. When an essential worker contracts severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus...  View Details
Keywords: Essential Workers; Health Pandemics; Household; Financial Condition; United States
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  • Article

The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations
By: Alexander Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
To explore the impact of COVID on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred—just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the...  View Details
Keywords: Covid-19; Stimulus; Cares Act; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Surveys
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  • Article

Assessing the Food and Drug Administration's Risk-Based Framework for Software Precertification with Top Health Apps in the United States: Quality Improvement Study
By: Noy Alon, Ariel Dora Stern and John Torous
BACKGROUND: As the development of mobile health apps continues to accelerate, the need to implement a framework that can standardize categorizing these apps to allow for efficient, yet robust regulation grows. However, regulators and researchers are faced with numerous...  View Details
Keywords: Mobile Health; Smartphone; Food And Drug Administration; Risk-based Framework; Health Care And Treatment; Mobile Technology; Software
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  • July–September 2020
  • Article

Innovation Contest: Effect of Perceived Support for Learning on Participation
By: Olivia Jung, Andrea Blasco and Karim R. Lakhani
Background: Frontline staff are well positioned to conceive improvement opportunities based on first-hand knowledge of what works and does not work. The innovation contest may be a relevant and useful vehicle to elicit staff ideas. However, the success of the...  View Details
Keywords: Contest; Innovation; Employee Engagement; Organizational Learning; Health Care; Health Care Delivery; Innovation And Invention; Organizations; Learning; Employees; Perception; Health Care And Treatment
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  • June 2020
  • Article

How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections
By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
Accuracy and consistency are critical for inspections to be an effective, fair, and useful tool for assessing risks, quality, and suppliers—and for making decisions based on those assessments. We examine how inspector schedules could introduce bias that erodes...  View Details
Keywords: assessment; Bias; Inspection; Scheduling; Econometric Analysis; Empirical Research; Regulation; Health; Food; Safety; Quality; Performance Consistency; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Novel Risks
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Herman B. "Dutch" Leonard and Anette Mikes
All organizations practice some form of risk management to identify and assess routine risks in their operations, supply chains, strategy, and external environment. These risk management policies, however, fail in the presence of novelty. Novel risks arise from...  View Details
Keywords: risk Management; Policy; Failure; Organizational Change And Adaptation
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  • March 2020
  • Technical Note

Influencer Marketing
By: Jill Avery and Ayelet Israeli
Despite a heavy barrage of advertising, most consumers declare that their purchases are most influenced by the experiences, advice, and recommendations of others, and not by marketers. Interpersonal communication between and among consumers serves as a potent path for...  View Details
Keywords: Influencers; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Brands And Branding; Marketing Strategy; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Advertising Industry; Consumer Products Industry
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  • January 2020
  • Case

A Tough Call: SEAL Team Leader in Kandahar (A)
By: George A. Riedel
The case, which is a disguised version of real events, is set in Kandahar, Afghanistan (2013) during the long running Afghan war. Lt. Paul Rickson, a Navy SEAL Platoon Commander, is leading a team of 30 US and Afghan soldiers on a mission to clear hostile forces in...  View Details
Keywords: War; Leadership; risk And Uncertainty; Safety; Decision Choices And Conditions; Afghanistan
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  • January 2020
  • Article

Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Demonstrate Value in Perioperative Care: Recommendations and Review from the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement
By: O. Allin, RD Urman, AF Edwards, JD Blitz, KJ Pfeifer, TW Feeley and AM Bader
A shift in health care payment models from volume toward value-based incentives will require deliberate input into systems development from both perioperative clinicians and administrators to ensure appropriate recognition of the value of all services...  View Details
Keywords: Value-based Health Care; Outcomes; Time-driven Activity-based Costing; Health Care And Treatment; Cost Management; Value; Activity Based Costing And Management
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  • July 2019 (Revised March 2020)
  • Case

At-Bay Cyber Insurance
By: Marco Di Maggio and David Lane
At-Bay was a cyber insurance startup that offered companies coverage against a wide array of cyber risks—exposure to which the firm was able to quickly assess and price on the basis of technical expertise that traditional insurance carriers lacked. In mid-2019, At-Bay...  View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Insurance; Disruptive Innovation; risk Management; Product Marketing; Distribution Channels; Information Technology; Salesforce Management; Insurance Industry
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  • Article

Assessing the Impact of CEO Activism
By: Aaron K Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
CEO activism refers to corporate leaders speaking out on social and environmental policy issues not directly related to their company’s core business. Distinct from nonmarket strategy and traditional corporate social responsibility, the recent wave of CEO activism...  View Details
Keywords: Business And Society; Leadership; Policy; Ethics; Values And Beliefs; Governance; Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Public Opinion
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  • November 2018
  • Case

Swissgrid: Enterprise Risk Management in a Digital Age
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Anette Mikes
Kurt Meyer, chief risk officer of Swissgrid, the Swiss national electricity transmission system operator, reflects on the risk management system he installed after the deregulation and liberalization of the European energy market. With 41 connections to other European...  View Details
Keywords: Enterprise Risk Management; Energy Transmission; risk And Uncertainty; risk Management; Energy; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Switzerland
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  • September 2018
  • Article

Asset Price Dynamics in Partially Segmented Markets
By: Robin Greenwood, Samuel G. Hanson and Gordon Y. Liao
We develop a model in which capital moves quickly within an asset class but slowly between asset classes. While most investors specialize in a single asset class, a handful of generalists can gradually reallocate capital across markets. Upon the arrival...  View Details
Keywords: System Shocks; Asset Pricing
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  • July 2018 (Revised August 2018)
  • Case

Project Helios: Harvesting the Sun
By: Mark Egan and E. Scott Mayfield
Aware of the impact that modern society was having on the environment, Ashley Telkes had always tried to be cognizant of her own impact on the environment and to take reasonable steps to mitigate her own effects. Having already implemented a number of passive measures...  View Details
Keywords: Renewable Energy; Personal Finance; Decision Making; Environmental Sustainability
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  • February 2018 (Revised March 2020)
  • Teaching Note

Signet Jewelers: Assessing Customer Financing Risk
By: Gerardo Pérez Cavazos, Suraj Srinivasan and Quinn Pitcher
Teaching Note for HBS No. 117-038.  View Details
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  • Article

Scenario Generation for Long Run Interest Rate Risk Assessment
By: Robert F. Engle, Guillaume Roussellet and Emil N. Siriwardane
We propose a statistical model of the term structure of U.S. treasury yields tailored for long-term probability-based scenario generation and forecasts. Our model is easy to estimate and is able to simultaneously reproduce the positivity, persistence, and factor...  View Details
Keywords: Interest Rates; Forecasting; Risk Management; Stress Testing; Interest Rates; Forecasting And Prediction; risk Management; United States
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  • August 2017
  • Article

Relationship Between Labor and Delivery Unit Management Practices and Maternal Outcomes
By: Avery C. Plough, Grace Galwin, Zhonghe Li, Stuart R. Lipsitz, Shehnaz Alidina, Natalie J. Henrich, Lisa R. Hirschhorn, William R. Berry, Atul A. Gawande, Doris Peter, Rory McDonald, Donna L. Caldwell, Janet H. Muri, Debra Bingham, Aaron B. Caughey, Eugene R. Declercq and Neel T. Shah
OBJECTIVE: To define, measure, and characterize key competencies of managing labor and delivery units in the United States and assess the associations between unit management and maternal outcomes. METHODS: We developed and administered a management measurement...  View Details
Keywords: Health Care And Treatment; Management Practices And Processes; Performance Evaluation; Outcome Or Result; United States
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  • June 2017 (Revised January 2019)
  • Case

Signet Jewelers: Assessing Customer Financing Risk
By: Gerardo Pérez Cavazos, Suraj Srinivasan and Monica Baraldi
Marc Cohodes, a renowned short seller, has identified weaknesses in Signet's business strategy, which he argues is heavily reliant on providing loans to customers with subprime credit scores. He believes that the company accounts for its receivables portfolio using...  View Details
Keywords: Short Selling; Bad Debt Expense; Accounting; Financial Reporting; Financial Statements; Finance; Financing And Loans; Valuation; Retail Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States
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  • 2018
  • Working Paper

How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections
By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
Many production processes are subject to inspection to ensure they meet quality, safety, and environmental standards imposed by companies and regulators. Inspection accuracy is critical to inspections being a useful input to assessing risks, allocating quality...  View Details
Keywords: assessment; Quality; Bias; Inspection; Scheduling; Econometric Analysis; Empirical Research; Regulation; Health; Food; Safety; Quality; Performance Consistency; Performance Evaluation; Food And Beverage Industry; Service Industry
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