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    • All HBS Web  (3,848)
      • Faculty Publications  (463)

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      Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) vs. Customer Lifetime Return on Investment (CLROI)
      Return on Political Investment in the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
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      • April 2021
      • Article

      Evaluating Firm-Level Expected-Return Proxies: Implications for Estimating Treatment Effects

      By: Charles M.C. Lee, Eric C. So and Charles C.Y. Wang
      We introduce a parsimonious framework for choosing among alternative expected-return proxies (ERPs) when estimating treatment effects. By comparing ERPs’ measurement-error variances in the cross section and in time series, we provide new evidence on the relative...  View Details
      Keywords: Implied Cost Of Capital; Expected Returns; Cost of Capital; Investment Return; Performance Evaluation
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      Lee, Charles M.C., Eric C. So, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Evaluating Firm-Level Expected-Return Proxies: Implications for Estimating Treatment Effects." Review of Financial Studies 34, no. 4 (April 2021): 1907–1951.
      • March 2021
      • Case

      P.F. Chang's

      By: Ashish Nanda, Nitin Nohria and Margaret Cross
      Excited yet apprehensive after being named CEO of P.F. Chang’s beginning July 1st, 2020, Damola Adamolekun was well aware of the extraordinary challenges facing the firm. The closure of businesses deemed “nonessential” owing to the Covid-19 pandemic had devastated the...  View Details
      Keywords: Restaurants; Covid-19; Strategy; Scenario Planning; Scenarios
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      Nanda, Ashish, Nitin Nohria, and Margaret Cross. "P.F. Chang's." Harvard Business School Case 721-380, March 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Case

      Aligning Mission and Margin at Southern Bancorp

      By: Rebecca M. Henderson, Brian Trelstad and Eren Kuzucu
      In October 2020, after spending almost a decade to turnaround Southern Bancorp, an Arkansan bank founded with the mission to provide financial services to rural, underserved communities, CEO Darrin Williams is wondering how Southern Bancorp should continue to grow....  View Details
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; Growth and Development; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Going Public; Investment Return; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States; Arkansas
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      Henderson, Rebecca M., Brian Trelstad, and Eren Kuzucu. "Aligning Mission and Margin at Southern Bancorp." Harvard Business School Case 321-099, March 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Case

      Scale and Scope at Drake Real Estate Partners

      By: Christina R. Wing and David Lane
      Realizing in early 2021 that their pending real estate investment fund would likely be oversubscribed, Drake Real Estate Partners co-founders Nicolás Ibáñez and David Cotterman were considering how best to continue to diversify their investor base and how to optimize...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Family Business; Investment; Ownership; Value Creation; Financial Services Industry; Real Estate Industry; United States; Latin America; Chile
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      Wing, Christina R., and David Lane. "Scale and Scope at Drake Real Estate Partners." Harvard Business School Case 621-065, March 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Technical Note

      Competitive Strategy in International Construction

      By: John D. Macomber and Emrah Ergelen
      Construction of buildings and infrastructure is one of the largest industries in the world in terms of volume. It is also one of the most physically risky, financially uncertain, and politically impacted. The industry is highly fragmented since there are few economies...  View Details
      Keywords: Construction; Infrastructure; Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Strategic Planning; Global Range; Construction Industry
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      Macomber, John D., and Emrah Ergelen. "Competitive Strategy in International Construction." Harvard Business School Technical Note 221-074, March 2021.
      • February 2021
      • Case

      Barbarians at the Gate or Turnaround Gurus? Private Equity and the Rise of the LBO

      By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
      During the 1980s, leveraged buyouts (LBOs) and the private equity (PE) firms responsible for carrying them out revolutionized both investment and management in the U.S. Between 1980 and 1989, buyout activity in the U.S. surged from $1 billion per year to $60 billion....  View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Restructuring; Borrowing and Debt; Private Equity; Bonds; Investment Return; Institutional Investing; Profit Sharing; Business History; Management Style; Private Ownership; Performance Effectiveness; Value Creation; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "Barbarians at the Gate or Turnaround Gurus? Private Equity and the Rise of the LBO." Harvard Business School Case 821-016, February 2021.
      • January–February 2021
      • Article

      Cross‐firm Return Predictability and Accounting Quality

      By: Wen Chen, Mozaffar Khan, Leonid Kogan and George Serafeim
      We test the hypothesis that if poor accounting quality (AQ) is associated with poor investor understanding of firms’ revenue and cost structures, then poor AQ stocks likely respond more slowly than good AQ stocks to new non‐idiosyncratic information that affects both...  View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Quality; Earnings Quality; Stock Returns; Investment Strategy; Accounting; Business Earnings; Quality; Investment Return; Investment; Strategy
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      Chen, Wen, Mozaffar Khan, Leonid Kogan, and George Serafeim. "Cross‐firm Return Predictability and Accounting Quality." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 48, nos. 1-2 (January–February 2021): 70–101.
      • February 2021
      • Article

      A Dynamic Theory of Multiple Borrowing

      By: Daniel Green and Ernest Liu
      Multiple borrowing—a borrower obtains overlapping loans from multiple lenders—is a common phenomenon in many credit markets. We build a highly tractable, dynamic model of multiple borrowing and show that, because overlapping creditors may impose default externalities...  View Details
      Keywords: Commitment; Multiple Borrowing; Common Agency; Misallocation; Microfinance; Investment; Mathematical Methods
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      Green, Daniel, and Ernest Liu. "A Dynamic Theory of Multiple Borrowing." Journal of Financial Economics 139, no. 2 (February 2021): 389–404.
      • Article

      The EU's Unsustainable Approach to Stakeholder Capitalism

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      A recent report by the EU claims that investor-driven short-termism is encouraging firms to return cash rather than invest it, which reduces capital available for investment in growth. The authors show that the data behind the report do not support its claims and...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; Sustainability; Capital; Investment; Decision Making; Business and Stakeholder Relations; European Union
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "The EU's Unsustainable Approach to Stakeholder Capitalism." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (January 29, 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Private and Social Returns to R&D: Drug Development and Demographics

      By: Efraim Benmelech, Janice Eberly, Dimitris Papanikolaou and Joshua Krieger
      Investment in intangible capital—in particular, research and development—increased dramatically since the 1990s. However, output and measured productivity growth remains sluggish in recent years. One potential reason is that a significant share of the increase in...  View Details
      Keywords: Drug Development; Research and Development; Investment Return; Demographics; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Benmelech, Efraim, Janice Eberly, Dimitris Papanikolaou, and Joshua Krieger. "Private and Social Returns to R&D: Drug Development and Demographics." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-083, January 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Connecting Expected Stock Returns to Accounting Valuation Multiples: A Primer

      By: Akash Chattopadhyay, Matthew R. Lyle and Charles C.Y. Wang
      We outline a framework in which accounting “valuation anchors" could be connected to expected stock returns. Under two general conditions, expected log returns is a log-linear function of a valuation (market value-to-accounting) multiple and the expected growth in the...  View Details
      Keywords: Expected Returns; Present Value; Investment Return; Accounting; Valuation; Information; Framework
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      Chattopadhyay, Akash, Matthew R. Lyle, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Connecting Expected Stock Returns to Accounting Valuation Multiples: A Primer." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-081, January 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Case

      The FIRE Savings Calculator

      By: Michael Parzen and Paul J. Hamilton
      This case follows Carol Muñoz, a member of the Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) lifestyle movement. At the age of 45, Carol is considering retiring and living off the $1 million she has accumulated. Using Monte Carlo simulation, Carol forecasts the...  View Details
      Keywords: Analysis; Forecasting and Prediction; Financial Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Personal Finance; Saving; Risk and Uncertainty; Diversification; Theory; Financial Services Industry
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      Parzen, Michael, and Paul J. Hamilton. "The FIRE Savings Calculator." Harvard Business School Case 621-087, January 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Case

      Aptiv PLC Board of Directors (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
      Aptiv’s board must decide whether a joint venture with an auto maker is the right next step in the company’s efforts to develop and commercialize a production-ready autonomous driving system. While many commentators believed that Aptiv’s self-driving technologies had...  View Details
      Keywords: Automotive Industry; Bankruptcy Reorganization; Board Of Directors; Board Committees; Board Decisions; Board Dynamics; Corporate Boards; Innovation And Strategy; Legal Aspects Of Business; Spin Off; Strategic Alliances; Strategic Change; Strategic Evolution; Supplier Relationships; Technological Change; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Innovation Strategy; Going Public; Joint Ventures; Leadership; Restructuring; Technological Innovation; Transformation; Auto Industry; Europe; United States
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Will Hurwitz. "Aptiv PLC Board of Directors (A)." Harvard Business School Case 321-050, January 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Real Credit Cycles

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Andrei Shleifer and Stephen J. Terry
      We incorporate diagnostic expectations, a psychologically founded model of overreaction to news, into a workhorse business cycle model with heterogeneous firms and risky debt. A realistic degree of diagnosticity, estimated from the forecast errors of managers of U.S....  View Details
      Keywords: Econometric Models; Business Cycles; Credit
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Andrei Shleifer, and Stephen J. Terry. "Real Credit Cycles." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28416, January 2021.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Stock Market Returns and Consumption

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Amir Kermani and Kaveh Majlesi
      This paper employs Swedish data containing security level information on households' stock holdings to investigate how consumption responds to changes in stock market returns. We exploit households’ portfolio weights in previous years as an instrument for actual...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Gain; Dividend Income; Consumption; Near-rational Behavior; Investment Return; Household; Spending; Behavior
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Amir Kermani, and Kaveh Majlesi. "Stock Market Returns and Consumption." Journal of Finance 75, no. 6 (December 2020): 3175–3219.
      • November 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care

      By: Trevor Fetter and Kira Seiger
      This case describes the increasing investment by private equity (PE) firms in patient care and other healthcare services. The case focuses on investments in physician staffing firms and roll-up strategy investments in physician practice management (PPM). Included in...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Model; Change; Disruption; Fluctuation; Trends; Customers; Customer Value and Value Chain; Ethics; Fairness; Finance; Equity; Insurance; Private Equity; Geography; Geographic Scope; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Supply and Industry; Industry Structures; Ownership; Ownership Type; Private Ownership; Relationships; Agency Theory; Business and Community Relations; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Strategy; Competition; Consolidation; Expansion; Integration; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Value; Value Creation; Health Industry; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Fetter, Trevor, and Kira Seiger. "Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care." Harvard Business School Case 321-049, November 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • October 2020
      • Case

      TowerBrook: ESG in Action (A)

      By: Victoria Ivashina, Brian Trelstad and Meaghan Conway
      This case is the first of a two-part series that follows Ramez Sousou and his team at TowerBrook Capital Partners as they face a challenging investment decision in February of 2013. Since its founding, TowerBrook has prided itself on its purpose-driven investing...  View Details
      Keywords: Esg; Finance; Private Equity; Corporate Governance; Value Creation; Investment; Decision Making
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      Ivashina, Victoria, Brian Trelstad, and Meaghan Conway. "TowerBrook: ESG in Action (A)." Harvard Business School Case 221-045, October 2020.
      • October 2020
      • Case

      Unison Capital Korea: Gong Cha

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Sangyun Lee
      In the Spring of 2017, Soomin Kim, Founding Partner of Unison Capital Korea, and his team were debating the potential exit of Unison Capital Korea’s investment in Gong Cha Korea, the sole local franchisor of the premium milk tea brand that they proprietarily sourced...  View Details
      Keywords: Exit; Strategic Decision Making; Private Equity; Investment; Strategy; Investment Return; Decision Making
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Sangyun Lee. "Unison Capital Korea: Gong Cha." Harvard Business School Case 221-040, October 2020.
      • October 2020 (Revised December 2020)
      • Case

      Investing at Pivotal Ventures

      By: Emil N. Siriwardane, Emily R. McComb and Eren Kuzucu
      Launched in 2015 by Melinda Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Pivotal Ventures is an investment and incubation company. The company aims to support and promote transformational ideas, people and organizations, and advance social progress for women...  View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Management; Mission and Purpose; Venture Capital
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      Siriwardane, Emil N., Emily R. McComb, and Eren Kuzucu. "Investing at Pivotal Ventures." Harvard Business School Case 221-033, October 2020. (Revised December 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      Investor-driven “short-termism” is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—in the form of rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is...  View Details
      Keywords: Short-termism; Quarterly Capitalism; Eu; Dividends; Equity Issuances; Equity Compensastion; Capital Flows; Capital Distribution; R&d; Innovation; Investment; Corporate Governance; Investment Return; Acquisition; European Union
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-054, October 2020.
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      Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) vs. Customer Lifetime Return on Investment (CLROI)
      Return on Political Investment in the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
      → Search All HBS Web
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