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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (39)

      Retirement Planning Remove Retirement Planning →

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      • November 2022
      • Case

      GE: A New Way Forward?

      By: David J. Collis and Haisley Wert
      One of the most iconic American companies, General Electric (GE) was founded in 1892 in New York state. Named among the original dozen companies on the Dow Jones index in 1896, it was the list’s most tenacious holdout, maintaining its “blue chip” stock status for over...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; GE; Conglomerate; Conglomerates; Corporate Strategy; Management; History; Leadership; Problems and Challenges; Change Management; Transformation; Strategic Planning; Value Creation; New York (state, US)
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      Collis, David J., and Haisley Wert. "GE: A New Way Forward?" Harvard Business School Case 723-373, November 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Automating Short-Term Payroll Savings: Initial Evidence from a Large U.K. Experiment

      By: Sarah Holmes Berk, John Beshears, James J. Choi and David Laibson
      Automatic enrollment is often used to increase retirement plan participation. Can it be used to increase short-term savings as well? We evaluate preliminary data from an experiment at a large U.K. employer. After years of offering opt-in short-term payroll savings via...  View Details
      Keywords: Retirement Savings; Participation; Automatic Enrollment; Retirement; Human Resources
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      Berk, Sarah Holmes, John Beshears, James J. Choi, and David Laibson. "Automating Short-Term Payroll Savings: Initial Evidence from a Large U.K. Experiment." Working Paper, July 2022.
      • February 2022
      • Article

      Borrowing to Save? The Impact of Automatic Enrollment on Debt

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian and William L. Skimmyhorn
      Does automatic enrollment into a retirement plan increase financial distress due to increased borrowing outside the plan? We study a natural experiment created when the U.S. Army began automatically enrolling newly hired civilian employees into the Thrift Savings Plan....  View Details
      Keywords: Retirement Savings; Automatic Enrollment; Choice Architecture; Nudge; Financial Distress; Retirement; Saving; Borrowing and Debt; Behavior
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, and William L. Skimmyhorn. "Borrowing to Save? The Impact of Automatic Enrollment on Debt." Journal of Finance 77, no. 1 (February 2022): 403–447.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      What Drives Variation in Investor Portfolios? Estimating the Roles of Beliefs and Risk Preferences

      By: Mark Egan, Alexander MacKay and Hanbin Yang
      We document new patterns in investment behavior using a comprehensive dataset of 401(k) plans from 2009 through 2019. We show that there is substantial heterogeneity in asset allocations across plans, which is not explained by differences in available investment...  View Details
      Keywords: Stock Market Expectations; Demand Estimation; Retirement Planning; Defined Contribution Retirement Plan; 401 (K); Finance; Investment Portfolio; Investment; Retirement; Behavioral Finance; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Egan, Mark, Alexander MacKay, and Hanbin Yang. "What Drives Variation in Investor Portfolios? Estimating the Roles of Beliefs and Risk Preferences." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-044, December 2021. (Revised December 2022. Direct download. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29604, December 2021)
      • Article

      Using Fresh Starts to Nudge Increased Retirement Savings

      By: John Beshears, Hengchen Dai, Katherine L. Milkman and Shlomo Benartzi
      We conducted a field experiment to study the effect of framing future moments in time as new beginnings (or “fresh starts”). University employees (N=6,082) received mailings with an opportunity to choose between increasing their contributions to a savings plan...  View Details
      Keywords: Choice Architecture; Randomized Field Experiment; Savings; New Beginning; Fresh Start; Saving; Retirement; Behavior
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      Beshears, John, Hengchen Dai, Katherine L. Milkman, and Shlomo Benartzi. "Using Fresh Starts to Nudge Increased Retirement Savings." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 167 (November 2021): 72–87.
      • August 2021
      • Supplement

      Dirk Nowitzki: Changing the Game

      By: Boris Groysberg
      NBA Superstar Dirk Nowitzki was unsure whether the 2018–2019 season would be his last as an NBA player. He had not faced such uncertainty since 1998, when he had navigated a difficult decision regarding the timing of his move to the NBA. He also did not know what he...  View Details
      Keywords: Career Decisions; Career Journey; "Sports Organizations,; Mentoring; Retirement; Sports; Performance; Training; Personal Development and Career; Decision Making; Talent and Talent Management; Sports Industry; United States
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      Groysberg, Boris. "Dirk Nowitzki: Changing the Game." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 421-710, August 2021.
      • January 2021 (Revised February 2021)
      • Case

      Carnival Corporation: Cruising Through COVID-19

      By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah Abbott
      In March 2020, in response to the global pandemic, the cruise industry ceased operations. Carnival was the largest cruise line operator in the world, and CEO Arnold Donald and his management team worked to position the company to survive. They slashed operating...  View Details
      Keywords: Debt Issuance; Equity Issuances; Convertible Debt; Cruise Lines; Restructuring; Capital; Crisis Management; Cash Flow; Health Pandemics; Borrowing and Debt; Travel Industry; United States
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      Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah Abbott. "Carnival Corporation: Cruising Through COVID-19." Harvard Business School Case 221-028, January 2021. (Revised February 2021.)
      • August 2020 (Revised December 2020)
      • Case

      General Dennis L. Via: People First, Mission Always

      By: Boris Groysberg, Susan Seligson, Katherine Connolly Baden and Robin Abrahams
      Dennis L. Via, was a retired four-star U.S. Army general and one of the world’s foremost experts on logistics, crisis management, supply chains, and maintaining a state of readiness at all times. As he reflected back on his career and leadership experience during the...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Crisis Management; Planning; Health Pandemics; United States
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      Groysberg, Boris, Susan Seligson, Katherine Connolly Baden, and Robin Abrahams. "General Dennis L. Via: People First, Mission Always." Harvard Business School Case 421-025, August 2020. (Revised December 2020.)
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Which Early Withdrawal Penalty Attracts the Most Deposits to a Commitment Savings Account?

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, Christopher Harris, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian and Jung Sakong
      Previous research has shown that some people voluntarily use commitment contracts that restrict their own choice sets. We study how people divide money between two accounts: a liquid account that permits unrestricted withdrawals and a commitment account that is...  View Details
      Keywords: Quasi-hyperbolic Discounting; Present Bias; Sophistication; Naiveté; Commitment; Flexibility; Savings; Contract Design; Defined Contribution Retirement Plan; 401 (K); IRA; Saving; Behavior; Contracts; Design; Interest Rates
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, Christopher Harris, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, and Jung Sakong. "Which Early Withdrawal Penalty Attracts the Most Deposits to a Commitment Savings Account?" Art. 104144. Journal of Public Economics 183 (March 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Cutting the Gordian Knot of Employee Health Care Benefits and Costs: A Corporate Model Built on Employee Choice

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Barak D. Richman
      The U.S. employer-based health insurance tax exclusion created a system of employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) with limited insurance choices and transparency that may lock employed households into health plans that are costlier or different from those they prefer to...  View Details
      Keywords: After-tax Income; Consumer-driven Health Care; Health Care Costs; Health Insurance; Income Inequality; Tax Policy; Health Care and Treatment; Cost; Insurance; Employees; Income; Taxation; Policy; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Barak D. Richman. "Cutting the Gordian Knot of Employee Health Care Benefits and Costs: A Corporate Model Built on Employee Choice." Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series, No. 2020-4, December 2019. (Revised January 2021.)
      • August 2019 (Revised September 2019)
      • Case

      Dirk Nowitzki: Changing the Game

      By: Boris Groysberg, Sascha L. Schmidt and Evan M.S. Hecht
      NBA Superstar Dirk Nowitzki was unsure whether the 2018–2019 season would be his last as an NBA player. He had not faced such uncertainty since 1998, when he had navigated a difficult decision regarding the timing of his move to the NBA. He also did not know what he...  View Details
      Keywords: Career Decisions; Career Journey; "Sports Organizations,; Mentoring; Retirement; Sports; Performance; Training; Personal Development and Career; Sports Industry; United States
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      Groysberg, Boris, Sascha L. Schmidt, and Evan M.S. Hecht. "Dirk Nowitzki: Changing the Game." Harvard Business School Case 420-031, August 2019. (Revised September 2019.)
      • November 2018
      • Case

      Governance Transition at Anadolu Group

      By: Paul M. Healy and Esel Y. Cekin
      Kamil Yazici and Izzet Ozilhan founded and built Anadolu Group Holding—a family business that grew into a multi-billion-dollar regional powerhouse. For 57 years they were equal partners in running the company. They then handed over a leadership role to a next...  View Details
      Keywords: Family-managed Business; Professionally-run Company; Second-generation; Third-generation; Governance; Governance Changes; Succession Planning; Corporate Culture; Shareholders; Board Of Directors; Long-term Sustainability; Conglomerate; Family Business; Corporate Governance; Change Management; Management Succession; Leadership; Transition; Organizational Structure; Consumer Products Industry; Turkey; Central Asia; Middle East
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      Healy, Paul M., and Esel Y. Cekin. "Governance Transition at Anadolu Group." Harvard Business School Case 119-048, November 2018.
      • November 2018 (Revised December 2018)
      • Case

      CalSTRS Takes on Gun Violence

      By: Vikram S Gandhi and Caitlin Reimers
      In Spring of 2018, Chris Ailman, CIO of the $200 billion pension plan for California public school teachers (CalSTRS) was mandated by his board to “prioritize engagement with makers and retailers of firearms in California” following a series of gun-related tragedies in...  View Details
      Keywords: Pension Funds; Pension Plan; Asset Allocation; Screening; ESG; Gun Violence; Business and Government Relations; Values and Beliefs; Education Industry; California; United States
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., and Caitlin Reimers. "CalSTRS Takes on Gun Violence." Harvard Business School Case 819-079, November 2018. (Revised December 2018.)
      • February 2018 (Revised May 2019)
      • Case

      CEWD: Closing the Skills Gap

      By: William Kerr, Michael Norris and Manjari Raman
      In 2018, Ann Randazzo, executive director of the Center for Energy Workforce Development (CEWD) is assessing the organization’s performance since its 2006 founding. Founded to address an imminent retirement bubble of middle skills workers in the utilities industry,...  View Details
      Keywords: Workforce Development; Industry Cooperation; Skills Gap; Middle Skills; Training; Strategic Planning; Competency and Skills; Utilities Industry; United States
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      Kerr, William, Michael Norris, and Manjari Raman. "CEWD: Closing the Skills Gap." Harvard Business School Case 818-081, February 2018. (Revised May 2019.)
      • Article

      Does Front-Loading Taxation Increase Savings?: Evidence from Roth 401(k) Introductions

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      Can governments increase private savings by taxing savings up front instead of in retirement? Roth 401(k) contributions are not tax-deductible in the contribution year, but withdrawals in retirement are untaxed. The more common before-tax 401(k) contribution is...  View Details
      Keywords: Saving; Retirement; Taxation
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Does Front-Loading Taxation Increase Savings? Evidence from Roth 401(k) Introductions." Journal of Public Economics 151 (July 2017): 84–95.
      • November 2015 (Revised February 2017)
      • Case

      Cisco Systems: In Search of the Next CEO

      By: Boris Groysberg, Sarah L. Abbott, Olivia Hull and J. Yo-Jud Cheng
      It’s August 2014 and John Chambers is expected to announce his retirement after 17 years as CEO of global technology giant Cisco Systems. Under Chambers’s leadership, Cisco has grown from $2.2 billion in annual revenues and under 4,000 employees to revenues of $46...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Succession Planning; CEO Succession; Managing Change; Person-organization Fit; Management Succession; Transition; Talent and Talent Management; Change Management; Retirement; Innovation Leadership; Recruitment; Corporate Governance; Experience and Expertise; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States; San Jose; California
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      Groysberg, Boris, Sarah L. Abbott, Olivia Hull, and J. Yo-Jud Cheng. "Cisco Systems: In Search of the Next CEO." Harvard Business School Case 416-027, November 2015. (Revised February 2017.)
      • Article

      The Effect of Providing Peer Information on Retirement Savings Decisions

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian and Katherine L. Milkman
      Using a field experiment in a 401(k) plan, we measure the effect of disseminating information about peer behavior on savings. Low-saving employees received simplified plan enrollment or contribution increase forms. A randomized subset of forms stated the fraction of...  View Details
      Keywords: Saving; Decision Choices and Conditions; Retirement
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, and Katherine L. Milkman. "The Effect of Providing Peer Information on Retirement Savings Decisions." Journal of Finance 70, no. 3 (June 2015): 1161–1201.
      • July–August 2014
      • Article

      The Crisis in Retirement Planning

      By: Robert C. Merton
      Corporate America began to really take notice of the looming retirement crisis in the wake of the dot-com crash, when companies in major industries went bankrupt in large part because of their inability to meet their pension obligations. The result was an acceleration...  View Details
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      Merton, Robert C. "The Crisis in Retirement Planning." Harvard Business Review 92, nos. 7/8 (July–August 2014): 43–50.
      • November 2013
      • Article

      Simplification and Saving

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      The daunting complexity of important financial decisions can lead to procrastination. We evaluate a low-cost intervention that substantially simplifies the retirement savings plan participation decision. Individuals received an opportunity to enroll in a retirement...  View Details
      Keywords: Retirement Savings; Simplification; Procrastination; Behavioral Economics; Saving; Motivation and Incentives; Retirement
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Simplification and Saving." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 95 (November 2013): 130–145.
      • August 2013 (Revised November 2015)
      • Case

      Prudential Financial - General Motors Pension Risk Transfer: Back to the Future?

      By: Luis M. Viceira and Emily A. Chien

      In November 2012, Prudential Financial and General Motors closed on a $25.1B pension risk transfer (PRT) transaction, the largest of its kind to date by an order of magnitude both in the U.S. market and globally. In exchange for an in-kind transfer of $25.1B in...  View Details

      Keywords: Risk Management; Asset Management; Insurance; Retirement; Financial Services Industry; Insurance Industry
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      Viceira, Luis M., and Emily A. Chien. "Prudential Financial - General Motors Pension Risk Transfer: Back to the Future?" Harvard Business School Case 213-126, August 2013. (Revised November 2015.)
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