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      • June 2023
      • Case

      Investing in the Climate Transition at Neuberger Berman

      By: George Serafeim and Benjamin Maletta
      By mid-2023, Neuberger Berman (NB), an active asset manager, had grown its assets under management to about half a trillion dollars and took pride in its client centricity and innovative spirit. Responding to client demand for investment products that integrated...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Sustainability; Decarbonization; Performance; Risk Assessment; Opportunities; Environmental Sustainability; Carbon Footprint; Business Analysis; Investing; Regulation; Asset Management; Investment Strategy; Climate Change; Transition; Analysis; Product Positioning; Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry
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      Serafeim, George, and Benjamin Maletta. "Investing in the Climate Transition at Neuberger Berman." Harvard Business School Case 123-092, June 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Karim R. Lakhani and Roberto Fernandez
      Competence development in digital technologies, analytics, and artificial intelligence is increasingly important to all types of organizations and their workforce. Universities and corporations are investing heavily in developing training programs, at all tenure...  View Details
      Keywords: STEM; Selection and Staffing; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Training; Equality and Inequality; Competency and Skills
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Karim R. Lakhani, and Roberto Fernandez. "Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-066, April 2023. (Accepted by Organization Science.)
      • 2023
      • Book

      Research Handbook on Digital Strategy

      By: Carmelo Cennamo, Giovanni Battista Dagnino and Feng Zhu
      This state-of-the-art Research Handbook presents a comprehensive overview of the key strategic challenges that firms face when dealing with digital markets, platforms, and products and services, from old strategy questions in need of different solutions to entirely...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Strategy
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      Cennamo, Carmelo, Giovanni Battista Dagnino, and Feng Zhu, eds. Research Handbook on Digital Strategy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Using GPT for Market Research

      By: James Brand, Ayelet Israeli and Donald Ngwe
      Large language models (LLMs) have quickly become popular as labor-augmenting tools for programming, writing, and many other processes that benefit from quick text generation. In this paper we explore the uses and benefits of LLMs for researchers and...  View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Model; Research; AI and Machine Learning; Analysis; Customers; Consumer Behavior; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Brand, James, Ayelet Israeli, and Donald Ngwe. "Using GPT for Market Research." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-062, April 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
      • March 2023 (Revised May 2023)
      • Technical Note

      Technical Note: The Traits of Entrepreneurs

      By: Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
      Why do some entrepreneurs succeed and others do not? Are there personality traits that lead someone to become an entrepreneur? Although many questions still remain, there has been significant research on the “entrepreneurial personality.” This note provides an...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneur; Innovation; Personality; Personality Traits; Risk Preference; Big Five; Locus Of Control; Success; Entrepreneurship; Personal Characteristics
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      Tango, Jo, and Alys Ferragamo. "Technical Note: The Traits of Entrepreneurs." Harvard Business School Technical Note 823-099, March 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
      • March–April 2023
      • Article

      You Need Two Leadership Gears: Know When to Take Charge and When to Get Out of the Way

      By: Lindy Greer, Francesca Gino and Robert Sutton
      The debate about the best way to lead has been raging for years: Should you empower your people and get out of their way, or take charge and push them to do great work? The answer, say the authors, is to do both. Their research shows that effective leaders routinely...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Style; Groups and Teams; Organizational Structure
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      Greer, Lindy, Francesca Gino, and Robert Sutton. "You Need Two Leadership Gears: Know When to Take Charge and When to Get Out of the Way." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 2 (March–April 2023): 76–85.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Find and Replace: R&D Investment Following the Erosion of Existing Products

      By: Joshua L. Krieger, Xuelin Li and Richard T. Thakor
      How do innovative firms react when existing products experience negative shocks? We explore this question with detailed project-level data from drug development firms. Using FDA Public Health Advisories as idiosyncratic negative shocks to approved drugs, we first...  View Details
      Keywords: R&D Investments; Drug Development; Product Shocks; M&A; Biopharmaceutical Industry; FDA; System Shocks; Research and Development; Investment; Decision Making; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Krieger, Joshua L., Xuelin Li, and Richard T. Thakor. "Find and Replace: R&D Investment Following the Erosion of Existing Products." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 6552–6571.
      • August 2022
      • Case

      In-Q-Tel: Innovation On A Mission

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger and Josh Lerner
      In 2022, the leaders of In-Q-Tel (IQT) considered what was next for the unique mission-driven organization. Since 1999, IQT had one mission: to be the most sophisticated source of strategic technical knowledge and capabilities to the U.S. government and its allies. IQT...  View Details
      Keywords: Mission and Purpose; National Security; Technological Innovation; Research; Geopolitical Units; Risk Management; Recruitment; Growth and Development Strategy; Venture Capital; Knowledge Management; Information Industry; Banking Industry
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, and Josh Lerner. "In-Q-Tel: Innovation On A Mission." Harvard Business School Case 823-031, August 2022.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Chatbots and Mental Health: Insights into the Safety of Generative AI

      By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp and Stefano Puntoni
      Chatbots are now able to engage in sophisticated conversations with consumers. Due to the ‘black box’ nature of the algorithms, it is impossible to predict in advance how these conversations will unfold. Behavioral research provides little insight into potential safety...  View Details
      Keywords: Autonomy; Artificial Intelligence; Chatbots; New Technology; Brand Crises; Ethics; Mental Health; AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Health; Applications and Software
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      De Freitas, Julian, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, and Stefano Puntoni. "Chatbots and Mental Health: Insights into the Safety of Generative AI." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-011, August 2022. (Revised July 2023.)
      • 2022
      • Article

      Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods

      By: Elita Lobo, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are a crucial tool for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where exploration is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. However, the extent to which such methods can be trusted under adversarial threats...  View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Cybersecurity; Mathematical Methods
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      Lobo, Elita, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 38th (2022): 1264–1274.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Moral Thin-Slicing: Forming Moral Impressions from a Brief Glance

      By: Julian De Freitas and Alon Hafri
      Despite the modern rarity with which people are visual witness to moral transgressions involving physical harm, such transgressions are more accessible than ever thanks to their availability on social media and in the news. On one hand, the literature suggests that...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Judgement; Thin Slices; Social Media; Fake News; Misinformation; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; News
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      De Freitas, Julian, and Alon Hafri. "Moral Thin-Slicing: Forming Moral Impressions from a Brief Glance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-002, July 2022. (Revised August 2023.)
      • May 2022
      • Case

      Timnit Gebru: 'SILENCED No More' on AI Bias and The Harms of Large Language Models

      By: Tsedal Neeley and Stefani Ruper
      Dr. Timnit Gebru—a leading artificial intelligence (AI) computer scientist and co-lead of Google’s Ethical AI team—was messaging with one of her colleagues when she saw the words: “Did you resign?? Megan sent an email saying that she accepted your resignation.” Heart...  View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Employment; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Technological Innovation
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and Stefani Ruper. "Timnit Gebru: 'SILENCED No More' on AI Bias and The Harms of Large Language Models." Harvard Business School Case 422-085, May 2022.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Exploring Counterfactual Explanations Through the Lens of Adversarial Examples: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis.

      By: Martin Pawelczyk, Chirag Agarwal, Shalmali Joshi, Sohini Upadhyay and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      As machine learning (ML) models become more widely deployed in high-stakes applications, counterfactual explanations have emerged as key tools for providing actionable model explanations in practice. Despite the growing popularity of counterfactual explanations, a...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning Models; Counterfactual Explanations; Adversarial Examples; Mathematical Methods
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      Pawelczyk, Martin, Chirag Agarwal, Shalmali Joshi, Sohini Upadhyay, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Exploring Counterfactual Explanations Through the Lens of Adversarial Examples: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis." Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 25th (2022).
      • April 27, 2022
      • Article

      Inequality in Researchers' Minds: Four Guiding Questions for Studying Subjective Perceptions of Economic Inequality

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Shai Davidai, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Barnabas Szaszi, Martin Day, Stephanie Tepper, L. Taylor Phillips, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva and Oliver P. Hauser
      Subjective perceptions of inequality can substantially influence policy attitudes, public health metrics, and societal well-being, but the lack of consensus in the scientific community on how to best operationalize and measure these perceptions may impede progress on...  View Details
      Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Perception; Analysis
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Shai Davidai, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Barnabas Szaszi, Martin Day, Stephanie Tepper, L. Taylor Phillips, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva, and Oliver P. Hauser. "Inequality in Researchers' Minds: Four Guiding Questions for Studying Subjective Perceptions of Economic Inequality." Journal of Economic Surveys (April 27, 2022).
      • March 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham

      By: Katherine Coffman and Olivia Hull
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 921-006, “Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham." This case invites students to explore the individual and structural factors that lead to an under-representation of women in male-dominated domains, and to think critically about...  View Details
      Keywords: Inclusion; Gender Gap; Gender Inclusivity; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
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      Coffman, Katherine, and Olivia Hull. "Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 922-014, March 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Credit Rating Agency Market in Africa

      By: Saveshen Pillay and Anywhere Sikochi
      In this paper, we present the credit rating agency market on the continent of Africa as a potential research setting for accounting-related research. Largely unexplored in prior literature, Africa-based rating agencies provide access to information about a broad range...  View Details
      Keywords: Credit Rating; Credit Rating Agencies; Regulation; Conflict Of Interest; Credit; Capital; Africa
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      Pillay, Saveshen, and Anywhere Sikochi. "The Credit Rating Agency Market in Africa." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-074, June 2022. (Journal of Financial Reporting, proposal accepted-in-principle.)
      • January 10, 2022
      • Article

      The Link Between Income, Income Inequality, and Prosocial Behavior Around the World: A Multiverse Approach

      By: Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
      The questions of whether high-income individuals are more prosocial than low-income individuals and whether income inequality moderates this effect have received extensive attention. We shed new light on this topic by analyzing a large-scale dataset with a...  View Details
      Keywords: Prosocial Behavior; Income Inequality; Behavior; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Income
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      Macchia, Lucia, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Link Between Income, Income Inequality, and Prosocial Behavior Around the World: A Multiverse Approach." Social Psychology (January 10, 2022): 375–386.
      • Article

      Geographic Mobility, Immobility, and Geographic Flexibility—A Review and Agenda for Research on the Changing Geography of Work

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury
      I review and integrate a wide range of literature that has examined how geographic mobility of high-skilled workers creates value for organizations and individuals. Drawing on this interdisciplinary literature, I document that geographic mobility creates value by...  View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Mobility; Frictions; Work-from-anywhere; Employees; Geographic Location; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "Geographic Mobility, Immobility, and Geographic Flexibility—A Review and Agenda for Research on the Changing Geography of Work." Academy of Management Annals 16, no. 1 (January 2022): 258–296.
      • December 2021
      • Article

      Left- and Right-Leaning News Organizations Use Negative Emotional Content and Elicit User Engagement Similarly

      By: Andrea Bellovary, Nathaniel Young and Amit Goldenberg
      Negativity has historically dominated news content; however, little research has examined how news organizations use affect on social media, where content is generally positive. In the current project we ask a few questions: Do news organizations on Twitter use...  View Details
      Keywords: Negative Press; Twitter; Political Affiliation; Affect; News; Media; Internet and the Web; Emotions; Perspective; Social Media
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      Bellovary, Andrea, Nathaniel Young, and Amit Goldenberg. "Left- and Right-Leaning News Organizations Use Negative Emotional Content and Elicit User Engagement Similarly." Affective Science 2, no. 4 (December 2021): 391–396.
      • December 2021
      • Article

      The Evolutionary Nature of Breakthrough Innovation: An Empirical Investigation of Firm Search Strategies

      By: Dominika Kinga Randle and Gary P. Pisano
      Breakthrough innovation has been an important topic of study for generations of scholars. Previous research in this domain has focused on exploring the way breakthroughs emerge from cumulative combination and recombination of prior technologies and knowledge components...  View Details
      Keywords: Breakthrough Innovation; Exploration And Exploitation; Search Strategy; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Strategy
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      Randle, Dominika Kinga, and Gary P. Pisano. "The Evolutionary Nature of Breakthrough Innovation: An Empirical Investigation of Firm Search Strategies." Strategy Science 6, no. 4 (December 2021): 290–304.
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