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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (949)
      • Faculty Publications  (156)

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      • November 2022
      • Article

      My Boss' Passion Matters as Much as My Own: The Interpersonal Dynamics of Passion Are a Critical Driver of Performance Evaluations

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Andreas Wihler and Adam D. Galinsky
      Companies often celebrate employees who successfully pursue their passion. Academic research suggests that these positive evaluations occur because of the passion percolating inside the employee. We propose that supervisors are also a key piece of this puzzle:...  View Details
      Keywords: Passion; Job Performance; Motivation; Emotions; Performance Evaluation; Interpersonal Communication
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Andreas Wihler, and Adam D. Galinsky. "My Boss' Passion Matters as Much as My Own: The Interpersonal Dynamics of Passion Are a Critical Driver of Performance Evaluations." Special Issue on Work Passion Research: Taming Breadth and Promoting Depth. Journal of Organizational Behavior 43, no. 9 (November 2022): 1496–1515.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluations

      By: Billur Aksoy, Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler
      An increasing share of the population identifies as something other than male or female. Yet, we know very little about the economic preferences and beliefs of gender minorities. In this paper, we document a “gender minority gap” in confidence and in self-evaluations....  View Details
      Keywords: Self-evaluation; Confidence; Gender; Identity; Perception; Income
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      Aksoy, Billur, Christine L. Exley, and Judd B. Kessler. "The Gender Minority Gaps in Confidence and Self-Evaluations." Working Paper, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Ties That No Longer Bind: Inventor Mobility and Patent Litigation

      By: Daniel Jay Brown and Maria Roche
      The retention of inventor-employees represents a core strategic concern for firms in innovative industries. In this paper, we examine the impact of reduced patent enforceability on the mobility of inventor-employees and explore the related influence on firms’...  View Details
      Keywords: Mobility; Inventors; Patent Enforceability; Skills; Strategic Human Capital; Retention; Innovation and Invention; Intellectual Property
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      Brown, Daniel Jay, and Maria Roche. "The Ties That No Longer Bind: Inventor Mobility and Patent Litigation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-021, October 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Background Note

      On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics

      By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      Startups are often evaluated by how well they perform on unit economics, defined as the ratio of a customer’s lifetime value (LTV) to acquisition costs (CAC). A common target for unit economics, advocated by many VCs and analysts, is 3:1 (i.e., LTV/CAC=3). While there...  View Details
      Keywords: Unit Economics; Business Startups; Performance Evaluation; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Relationship Management; Analysis
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      Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics." Harvard Business School Background Note 523-050, September 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan and Aaron Chatterji
      Recent scholarship has argued that experimentation should be the organizing principle for entrepreneurial strategy. Experimentation leads to organizational learning, which drives improvements in firm performance. We investigate this proposition by exploiting the...  View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; A/B Testing; Data-driven Decision-making; Organizational Learning; Entrepreneurship; Strategy; Business Startups; Learning; Performance; Decision Making
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sharique Hasan, and Aaron Chatterji. "Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 6434–6453.
      • July 2022
      • Article

      Private Equity and COVID-19

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
      We survey more than 200 private equity (PE) managers from firms with $1.9 trillion of assets under management (AUM) about their portfolio performance, decisionmaking and activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that PE managers have significant incentives to...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Health Pandemics; Private Equity; Management; Investment Portfolio; Performance; Decision Making; Value Creation
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      Gompers, Paul A., Steven N. Kaplan, and Vladimir Mukharlyamov. "Private Equity and COVID-19." Journal of Financial Intermediation 51 (July 2022).
      • July 2022
      • Article

      The Passionate Pygmalion Effect: Passionate Employees Attain Better Outcomes in Part Because of More Preferential Treatment by Others

      By: Ke Wang, Erica R. Bailey and Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Employees are increasingly exhorted to “pursue their passion” at work. Inherent in this call is the belief that passion will produce higher performance because it promotes intrapersonal processes that propel employees forward. Here, we suggest that the pervasiveness of...  View Details
      Keywords: Passion; Self-fufilling Prophecy; Lay Beliefs; Interpersonal Processes; Employees; Performance; Attitudes; Organizational Culture; Social Psychology
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      Wang, Ke, Erica R. Bailey, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "The Passionate Pygmalion Effect: Passionate Employees Attain Better Outcomes in Part Because of More Preferential Treatment by Others." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 101 (July 2022).
      • July 2022
      • Article

      When Alterations Are Violations: Moral Outrage and Punishment in Response to (Even Minor) Alterations to Rituals

      By: Daniel H. Stein, Juliana Schroeder, Nicholas M. Hobson, Francesca Gino and Michael I. Norton
      From Catholics performing the sign of the cross since the 4th century to Americans reciting the Pledge of Allegiance since the 1890s, group rituals (i.e., predefined sequences of symbolic actions) have strikingly consistent features over time. Seven studies (N = 4,213)...  View Details
      Keywords: Ritual; Morality; Groups; Norms; Commitment; Groups and Teams; Values and Beliefs; Change; Moral Sensibility; Behavior
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      Stein, Daniel H., Juliana Schroeder, Nicholas M. Hobson, Francesca Gino, and Michael I. Norton. "When Alterations Are Violations: Moral Outrage and Punishment in Response to (Even Minor) Alterations to Rituals." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 123, no. 1 (July 2022): 123–153.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis and Kyle Schirmann
      Hybrid work is emerging as a novel form of organizing work globally. This paper reports causal evidence on how the extent of hybrid work—the number of days worked from home relative to days worked from the office—affects work outcomes. Collaborating with an...  View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Work; Remote Work; Work-from-home; Field Experiment; Employees; Geographic Location; Performance; Work-Life Balance
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Kyle Schirmann. "Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-063, March 2022.
      • February 18, 2022
      • Article

      Transparency as a Solution for COVID-19 Related Hospital Capacity Issues

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Richard Boxer
      In the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, many U.S. hospitals could not provide an adequate supply of beds to meet demand. Solving the problem of hospital bed capacity is of great importance in the “new normal,” which requires recognizing that SARS-CoV-2 is but...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID; COVID-19 Pandemic; Health Care; Health Care Demand; Health Care Delivery; Health Care Industry; Health Care Operations; Health Care Policy; Transparency; Hospital; Hospital Management; Hospitals; Health Pandemics; Health Care and Treatment; Service Delivery; Operations; Performance Capacity; Policy; Health Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Richard Boxer. "Transparency as a Solution for COVID-19 Related Hospital Capacity Issues." Health Affairs Forefront (February 18, 2022).
      • January–February 2022
      • Article

      Algorithm-Augmented Work and Domain Experience: The Countervailing Forces of Ability and Aversion

      By: Ryan Allen and Prithwiraj Choudhury
      How does a knowledge worker’s level of domain experience affect their algorithm-augmented work performance? We propose and test theoretical predictions that domain experience has countervailing effects on algorithm-augmented performance: on one hand, domain experience...  View Details
      Keywords: Automation; Domain Experience; Algorithmic Aversion; Experts; Algorithms; Machine Learning; Future Of Work; Employees; Experience and Expertise; Decision Making; Performance
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      Allen, Ryan, and Prithwiraj Choudhury. "Algorithm-Augmented Work and Domain Experience: The Countervailing Forces of Ability and Aversion." Organization Science 33, no. 1 (January–February 2022): 149–169. ("Best PhD Student Paper" at SMS conference 2020.)
      • 2022
      • Book

      Deep Purpose: The Heart and Soul of High-Performance Companies

      By: Ranjay Gulati
      This book offers a compelling reassessment and defense of purpose as a management ethos, documenting the vast performance gains and social benefits that become possible when firms manage to get purpose right. Few business topics have aroused more skepticism in recent...  View Details
      Keywords: Purpose; Business And Society; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Performance Effectiveness; Organizational Culture
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      Gulati, Ranjay. Deep Purpose: The Heart and Soul of High-Performance Companies. New York: Harper Business, 2022.
      • February 2022
      • Article

      How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance

      By: Tsedal Neeley and Sebastian Reiche
      We theorize about how people with positional power enact downward deference—a practice of lowering oneself to be equal to that of lower power workers—based on a study of 115 top global leaders at a large U.S. company. These leaders were charged with advancing...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Leadership Style; Global Range; Relationships; Rank and Position; Power and Influence; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and Sebastian Reiche. "How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 1 (February 2022): 11–34.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Pushed into a Crowd: Repositioning Costs, Resources, and Competition in the RTE Cereal Industry

      By: Young Hou and Dennis Yao
      This paper exploits a natural experiment involving self-regulation in the ready-to-eat (RTE) breakfast cereal industry to evaluate the performance impact of product repositioning. It then examines how a product's brand equity value declines with repositioning distance...  View Details
      Keywords: Positioning; Resources; Brand Equity; Competitive Dynamics; Non-market Strategy; Regulation; Repositioning; Product Positioning; Performance Evaluation; Brands and Branding; Competitive Strategy; Consumer Products Industry
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      Hou, Young, and Dennis Yao. "Pushed into a Crowd: Repositioning Costs, Resources, and Competition in the RTE Cereal Industry." Strategic Management Journal 43, no. 1 (January 2022): 3–29.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Replicating Private Equity with Value Investing, Homemade Leverage, and Hold-to-Maturity Accounting

      By: Erik Stafford
      The contributions of asset selection and incremental leverage to buyout investment performance are more important than typically assumed or estimated to be. Buyout funds select small firms with distinct value characteristics. Public equities with these characteristics...  View Details
      Keywords: Replicating Portfolio; Private Equity; Investment Portfolio
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      Stafford, Erik. "Replicating Private Equity with Value Investing, Homemade Leverage, and Hold-to-Maturity Accounting." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 1 (January 2022): 299–342.
      • December 2021
      • Article

      Employee Responses to Compensation Changes: Evidence from a Sales Firm

      By: Jason Sandvik, Richard Saouma, Nathan Seegert and Christopher Stanton
      What are the long-term consequences of compensation changes? Using data from an inbound sales call center, we study employee responses to a compensation change that ultimately reduced take-home pay by 7% for the average affected worker. The change caused a significant...  View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Wages; Compensation and Benefits; Change; Performance; Resignation and Termination; Retention; Analysis
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      Sandvik, Jason, Richard Saouma, Nathan Seegert, and Christopher Stanton. "Employee Responses to Compensation Changes: Evidence from a Sales Firm." Management Science 67, no. 12 (December 2021): 7687–7707.
      • October 2021 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Hospital 57357: Aligning Performance Towards a Vision of a Cancer-Free Childhood

      By: Susanna Gallani and Youssef Abdel Aal
      The case follows the Children Cancer Hospital in Egypt, also known as Hospital 57357, as it goes through the roll-out of a new performance management system, which Dr. Sherif Abouel Naga, founder and CEO of the hospital, had championed. This was a critical juncture as...  View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Performance Management; Performance Incentives; Strategic Alignment; Health Care and Treatment; Nonprofit Organizations; Strategy; Alignment; Performance Evaluation; Mission and Purpose; Change Management; Health Industry; Egypt; Middle East
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      Gallani, Susanna, and Youssef Abdel Aal. "Hospital 57357: Aligning Performance Towards a Vision of a Cancer-Free Childhood." Harvard Business School Case 122-041, October 2021. (Revised February 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Business of K-12 Education in China

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Yuhai Wu
      This working paper examines the evolution of K-12 education in China, especially between 1985 and the present day, drawing extensive interviews with participants in the educational sector. China has been hugely successful in reaching almost 100 percent literacy,...  View Details
      Keywords: K-12 Education; China; Real Estate; Early Childhood Education; Performance Evaluation; Teaching; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Personal Development and Career; Social Issues; Nonprofit Organizations; Private Sector; Education Industry; Real Estate Industry; China
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Yuhai Wu. "The Business of K-12 Education in China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-022, October 2021.
      • October 2021
      • Article

      Board Design and Governance Failures at Peer Firms

      By: Shelby Gai, J. Yo-Jud Cheng and Andy Wu
      Our study introduces board committees as a crucial determinant of board actions. We examine how directors who structurally link different board committees—referred to as multi-committee directors (MCDs)—explain why some board actions are merely symbolic while others...  View Details
      Keywords: Board Committees; Board Monitoring; New Director Nomination; Peer Financial Restatements; Governing and Advisory Boards; Corporate Governance; Performance Effectiveness
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      Gai, Shelby, J. Yo-Jud Cheng, and Andy Wu. "Board Design and Governance Failures at Peer Firms." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 10 (October 2021): 1909–1938.
      • Article

      Decarbonization Factors

      By: Alex Cheema-Fox, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington and Hui (Stacie) Wang
      In the face of accelerating climate change, investors are making capital allocations seeking to decarbonize portfolios by reducing the carbon emissions of their holdings. To understand the performance of portfolio decarbonization strategies and investor behavior...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Investment Management; Factor Investing; Investor Behavior; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Investment; Management
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      Cheema-Fox, Alex, Bridget LaPerla, George Serafeim, David Turkington, and Hui (Stacie) Wang. "Decarbonization Factors." Journal of Impact and ESG Investing 2, no. 1 (Fall 2021): 47–73.
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