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  • All HBS Web  (314)
    • Faculty Publications  (22)

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    • All HBS Web  (314)
      • Faculty Publications  (22)

      Reinforcement Learning Remove Reinforcement Learning →

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      What Would It Mean for a Machine to Have a Self?

      By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum and Tomer Ullman
      What would it mean for autonomous AI agents to have a ‘self’? One proposal for a minimal notion of self is a representation of one’s body spatio-temporally located in the world, with a tag of that representation as the agent taking actions in the world. This turns...  View Details
      Keywords: Self; AI; Games; Reinforcement Learning; Avatar; AI and Machine Learning
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      De Freitas, Julian, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Tomer Ullman. "What Would It Mean for a Machine to Have a Self?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-017, September 2022.
      • April 2022 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Mastercard Labs (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill, Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards and Julia Kelley
      When Ajaypal (Ajay) Banga became the CEO of Mastercard in 2010, he shifted the company’s competitive focus from card networks to cash itself. Mastercard’s new vision of a “World Beyond Cash” distilled into a three-pronged framework: Grow the core business, Diversify...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Culture; Organizational Culture; Culture Change; Organizational Adaptation; Organizational Effectiveness; Alignment; Leadership; Leadership Development; Innovation; Innovation Ecosystems; Ecosystem; Diversity; Collaboration; Co-creation; Learning Organizations; Empowerment; Globalization; Agility; Prototype; Experiment; Partnerships; Operating Model; Risk Management; Metrics; Payments; Financial Inclusion; Financial Industry; Ambidexterity; Corporate Innovation; Innovation Lab; Digital Transformation; Digital Strategy; Credit Cards; Innovation Leadership
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      Hill, Linda A., Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards, and Julia Kelley. "Mastercard Labs (A)." Harvard Business School Case 422-080, April 2022. (Revised May 2022.)
      • April 2022 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Mastercard Labs (A) (Abridged)

      By: Linda A. Hill, Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards and Julia Kelley
      When Ajaypal (Ajay) Banga became the CEO of Mastercard in 2010, he shifted the company’s competitive focus from card networks to cash itself. Mastercard’s new vision of a “World Beyond Cash” distilled into a three-pronged framework: Grow the core business, Diversify...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Culture; Organizational Culture; Culture Change; Organizational Adaptation; Organizational Effectiveness; Alignment; Leadership; Leadership Development; Innovation; Innovation Ecosystems; Diversity; Collaboration; Co-creation; Learning Organizations; Empowerment; Ecosystem; Agility; Prototype; Experiment; Partnerships; Operating Model; Risk Management; Metrics; Payments; Financial Inclusion; Financial Industry; Ambidexterity; Corporate Innovation; Innovation Lab; Accelerator; Start-up; Intrapreneurship; Competitive Strategy; Business Model; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Digital Transformation
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      Hill, Linda A., Sunil Gupta, Emily Tedards, and Julia Kelley. "Mastercard Labs (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 422-082, April 2022. (Revised May 2022.)
      • March 2022 (Revised July 2022)
      • Module Note

      Prediction & Machine Learning

      By: Iavor I. Bojinov, Michael Parzen and Paul Hamilton
      This note provides an introduction to machine learning for an introductory data science course. The note begins with a description of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Then, the note provides a brief explanation of the difference between traditional...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Data Science; Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Performance Evaluation
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Prediction & Machine Learning." Harvard Business School Module Note 622-101, March 2022. (Revised July 2022.)
      • February 2022 (Revised September 2022)
      • Case

      InstaDeep: AI Innovation Born in Africa (A)

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Esel Çekin
      Karim Beguir and Zohra Slim were the co-founders of InstaDeep, a deep tech startup focusing on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. Instadeep was one of the few companies globally that were partnering with DeepMind, an AI subsidiary of Google [Alphabet Inc.]....  View Details
      Keywords: AI; Artificial Intelligence; Entrepreneurship; Operations; Business Subsidiaries; Brands and Branding; Innovation and Invention; Growth and Development Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; Africa
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Esel Çekin. "InstaDeep: AI Innovation Born in Africa (A)." Harvard Business School Case 822-104, February 2022. (Revised September 2022.)
      • February 2022 (Revised July 2022)
      • Supplement

      InstaDeep: AI Innovation Born in Africa (B)

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Esel Çekin
      Karim Beguir and Zohra Slim were the co-founders of InstaDeep, a deep tech startup focusing on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. Instadeep was one of the few companies globally that were partnering with DeepMind, an AI subsidiary of Google [Alphabet Inc.]....  View Details
      Keywords: AI; Artificial Intelligence; Entrepreneurship; Operations; Business Subsidiaries; Brands and Branding; Innovation and Invention; Growth and Development Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; Africa
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Esel Çekin. "InstaDeep: AI Innovation Born in Africa (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 822-105, February 2022. (Revised July 2022.)
      • June 2021
      • Technical Note

      Introduction to Linear Regression

      By: Michael Parzen and Paul Hamilton
      This technical note introduces (from an applied point of view) the theory and application of simple and multiple linear regression. The motivation for the model is introduced, as well as how to interpret the summary output with regard to prediction and statistical...  View Details
      Keywords: Linear Regression; Regression; Analysis; Forecasting and Prediction; Risk and Uncertainty; Theory; Compensation and Benefits; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
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      Parzen, Michael, and Paul Hamilton. "Introduction to Linear Regression." Harvard Business School Technical Note 621-086, June 2021.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Lojas Americanas: Project DNA and the 'People Machine'

      By: Boris Groysberg, Eric Lin and Sarah L. Abbott
      Lojas Americanas (“Americanas”) was one of the largest retailers in Brazil. Via its stores, digital platform and Innovation Engine, the company served more than 38 million people. In recent years, Americanas had enjoyed rapid growth; growing from 98 stores in 2001 to...  View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Data Analytics; Growth And Development; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Training; Performance; Employees; Management; Human Resources; Leadership Development; Retail Industry; Brazil
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      Groysberg, Boris, Eric Lin, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Lojas Americanas: Project DNA and the 'People Machine'." Harvard Business School Case 421-038, September 2020.
      • July 2019 (Revised November 2019)
      • Case

      Osaro: Picking the Best Path

      By: William R. Kerr, James Palano and Bastiane Huang
      The founder of Osaro saw the potential of deep reinforcement learning to allow robots to be applied to new applications. Osaro targeted warehousing, already a dynamic industry for robotics and automation, for its initial product—a system which would allow robotic arms...  View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Robotics; Robots; Ecommerce; Fulfillment; Warehousing; AI; Startup; Technology Commercialization; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Logistics; Order Taking and Fulfillment; Information Technology; Commercialization; Learning; Complexity; Competition; E-commerce
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      Kerr, William R., James Palano, and Bastiane Huang. "Osaro: Picking the Best Path." Harvard Business School Case 820-012, July 2019. (Revised November 2019.)
      • June 2019
      • Article

      Learning From Mum: Cross-National Evidence Linking Maternal Employment and Adult Children’s Outcomes

      By: Kathleen L. McGinn, Mayra Ruiz Castro and Elizabeth Long Lingo
      Analyses relying on two international surveys from over 100,000 men and women across 29 countries explore the relationship between maternal employment and adult daughters’ and sons’ employment and domestic outcomes. In the employment sphere, adult daughters, but not...  View Details
      Keywords: Female Labor Force Participation; Gender Attitudes; Household Labor; Maternal Employment; Social Class; Social Learning Theory; Social Mobility; Employment; Gender; Attitudes; Household; Labor; Learning; Outcome or Result
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      McGinn, Kathleen L., Mayra Ruiz Castro, and Elizabeth Long Lingo. "Learning From Mum: Cross-National Evidence Linking Maternal Employment and Adult Children’s Outcomes." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 3 (June 2019): 374–400.
      • August 2017 (Revised July 2019)
      • Case

      GROW: Using Artificial Intelligence to Screen Human Intelligence

      By: Ethan Bernstein, Paul McKinnon and Paul Yarabe
      Over 10% of all 2017 university graduates in Japan used GROW, an artificial intelligence platform and mobile app developed by Tokyo-based people analytics startup IGS, to recruit for a job. This case puts participants in the shoes of IGS founder and CEO Masahiro...  View Details
      Keywords: Big Data; Artificial Intelligence; Talent and Talent Management; Recruitment; Selection and Staffing; Human Resources; Information Technology; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Financial Services Industry; Air Transportation Industry; Advertising Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Japan
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      Bernstein, Ethan, Paul McKinnon, and Paul Yarabe. "GROW: Using Artificial Intelligence to Screen Human Intelligence." Harvard Business School Case 418-020, August 2017. (Revised July 2019.)
      • 2012
      • Article

      Specialization and Variety in Repetitive Tasks: Evidence from a Japanese Bank

      By: B. Staats and F. Gino
      Sustaining operational productivity in the completion of repetitive tasks is critical to many organizations' success. Yet research points to two different work-design-related strategies for accomplishing this goal: specialization to capture the benefits of repetition...  View Details
      Keywords: Motivation; Productivity; Specialization; Variety; Work Fragmentation; Boundaries; Performance Productivity; Organizations; Research; Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Opportunities; Market Transactions; Resource Allocation; Performance; Goals and Objectives; Learning
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      Staats, B., and F. Gino. "Specialization and Variety in Repetitive Tasks: Evidence from a Japanese Bank." Management Science 58, no. 6 (June 2012): 1141–1159.
      • April 2011
      • Article

      What Can We Learn from 'Great Negotiations'?

      By: James K. Sebenius
      What can one legitimately learn-analytically and/or prescriptively-from detailed historical case studies of "great negotiations," chosen more for their salience than their analytic characteristics or comparability? Taking a number of such cases compiled by Stanton...  View Details
      Keywords: Learning; International Relations; History; Agreements and Arrangements; Negotiation Process; Conflict and Resolution
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      Sebenius, James K. "What Can We Learn from 'Great Negotiations'?" Negotiation Journal 27, no. 2 (April 2011).
      • February 2009 (Revised April 2011)
      • Case

      Mistry Architects (A)

      By: Amy C. Edmondson, Robert G. Eccles and Mona Sinha
      Describes an architecture firm founded and run by a husband and wife team, Sharukh and Renu Mistry, that emphasizes "green" building. The firm presents an unusual mix of projects-spanning the spectrum from larger corporate projects to small private homes. The mix also...  View Details
      Keywords: Family Business; Customer Focus and Relationships; Design; Housing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Community Relations; Environmental Sustainability; Nonprofit Organizations; Conflict and Resolution
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      Edmondson, Amy C., Robert G. Eccles, and Mona Sinha. "Mistry Architects (A)." Harvard Business School Case 609-044, February 2009. (Revised April 2011.)
      • March 2008
      • Article

      Is Yours a Learning Organization?

      By: David A. Garvin, Amy C. Edmondson and Francesca Gino
      This article includes a one-page preview that quickly summarizes the key ideas and provides an overview of how the concepts work in practice along with suggestions for further reading. An organization with a strong learning culture faces the unpredictable deftly....  View Details
      Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Learning; Surveys; Leading Change; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Organizational Culture
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      Garvin, David A., Amy C. Edmondson, and Francesca Gino. "Is Yours a Learning Organization?" Harvard Business Review 86, no. 3 (March 2008): 109–116.
      • 2008
      • Simulation

      Everest Leadership and Team Simulation

      By: Michael A. Roberto and Amy C. Edmondson
      This item is currently not available for purchase on this site. To order, please contact Customer Service - (800) 545-7685 or (617) 783-7600. **REVISED AUGUST 2009!** This web-based simulation uses the dramatic context of a Mount Everest expedition to reinforce student...  View Details
      Keywords: Cooperation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Groups and Teams; Knowledge Sharing; Leadership
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      Roberto, Michael A., and Amy C. Edmondson. "Everest Leadership and Team Simulation." Simulation and Teaching Note. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2008. Electronic. (Product number 2650.)
      • September 2006
      • Article

      Learning in Noisy Games: Partial Reinforcement and the Sustainability of Cooperation

      By: Yoella Bereby-Meyer and Alvin E. Roth
      Keywords: Cooperation; Learning; Games, Gaming, and Gambling
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      Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, and Alvin E. Roth. "Learning in Noisy Games: Partial Reinforcement and the Sustainability of Cooperation." American Economic Review 96, no. 4 (September 2006): 1029–1042.
      • September 2006
      • Article

      The Speed of Learning in Noisy Games: Partial Reinforcement and the Sustainability of Cooperation

      By: Yoella Bereby-Meyer and Alvin E. Roth
      In an experiment, players ability to learn to cooperate in the repeated prisoners dilemma was substantially diminished when the payoffs were noisy, even though players could monitor one anothers past actions perfectly. In contrast, in one-time play against a succession...  View Details
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      Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, and Alvin E. Roth. "The Speed of Learning in Noisy Games: Partial Reinforcement and the Sustainability of Cooperation." American Economic Review 96, no. 4 (September 2006): 1029–1042.
      • 2006
      • Conference Paper

      Modeling Repeated Play of the Prisoners' Dilemma with Reinforcement Learning over an Enriched Strategy Set

      By: A. E. Roth and Ido Erev
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Strategy; Game Theory; Learning
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      Roth, A. E., and Ido Erev. "Modeling Repeated Play of the Prisoners' Dilemma with Reinforcement Learning over an Enriched Strategy Set." 2006. (Presented at the Dahlem Workshop on Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox.)
      • May 1999
      • Article

      The Effect of Adding a Constant to All Payoffs: Experimental Investigation, and a Reinforcement Learning Model with Self-Adjusting Speed of Learning

      By: Ido Erev, Yoella Bereby-Meyer and Alvin E. Roth
      Keywords: Learning; Information
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      Erev, Ido, Yoella Bereby-Meyer, and Alvin E. Roth. "The Effect of Adding a Constant to All Payoffs: Experimental Investigation, and a Reinforcement Learning Model with Self-Adjusting Speed of Learning." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 39, no. 1 (May 1999): 111–128.
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