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- 2024
- Working Paper
The Fading Light of Democratic Capitalism: How Pervasive Cronyism and Restricted Suffrage Are Destroying Democratic Capitalism as a National Ideal…and What to Do about It
What are we to do about declining public trust and confidence in democratic capitalism, which many citizens consider a cornerstone of our national ideology and identity? While the answer is not entirely clear, I argue in this essay that any effort aimed at restoring...
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Salter, Malcolm S. "The Fading Light of Democratic Capitalism: How Pervasive Cronyism and Restricted Suffrage Are Destroying Democratic Capitalism as a National Ideal…and What to Do about It." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-062, March 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Managing Remote Work Quality: Evidence from Auditing Management Systems Standards
By: Ashley Palmarozzo and Michael W. Toffel
Remote work has become more common, providing operational flexibility and productivity
benefits, but questions remain about whether and how it affects work quality. We investigate the
quality effects of remote work in a context in which remote work separates workers...
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Keywords:
Audit;
Auditing;
Remote Work;
Compliance;
Assessment;
Environment;
Management Systems;
Quality Management;
Quality Management System;
Quality;
Operations;
Supply Chain Management;
Environmental Management;
Safety
Palmarozzo, Ashley, and Michael W. Toffel. "Managing Remote Work Quality: Evidence from Auditing Management Systems Standards." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-002, July 2023. (Revised August 2024.)
- October 2022 (Revised September 2023)
- Supplement
SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST (B)
Supplements the (A) case, describing actions taken by SolarWinds as well as by regulatory agencies in the aftermath of the immediate crisis. The case also includes reflections by SolarWinds managers on the choices they made with respect to disclosure, media relations,...
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Keywords:
Cyberattacks;
Cybersecurity;
Corporate Disclosure;
Crisis Management;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Legal Liability;
Governance Compliance;
Business and Government Relations;
Information Technology Industry;
United States
Nagle, Frank, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr, and David Lane. "SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 723-368, October 2022. (Revised September 2023.)
- October 2022
- Background Note
Note on Cyberattacks and Regulatory Regimes
Describes common types of cyberattacks on enterprises and their costs, as well as the fragmentary regulatory regimes through which U.S. states and regulatory agencies at the start of 2021 attempted to encourage disclosure of cyberattacks and to pursue enforcement...
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Keywords:
Regulations;
Regulatory Agencies;
Cyberattacks;
Governance;
Corporate Disclosure;
Cybersecurity;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Health Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
United States
Nagle, Frank, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr, and David Lane. "Note on Cyberattacks and Regulatory Regimes." Harvard Business School Background Note 723-392, October 2022.
- August 2022
- Article
Availability of New Medicines in the U.S. and Germany From 2004 to 2018
By: Katharina Blankart, Huseyin Naci and Amitabh Chandra
Importance: Germany's unique approach to coverage determination and pricing has ensured that effective medicines remain on the market, often at prices reduced through negotiation. However, less is known about trade-offs of this approach with regard to initial...
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Keywords:
Market Entry and Exit;
Price;
Market Timing;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States;
Germany
Blankart, Katharina, Huseyin Naci, and Amitabh Chandra. "Availability of New Medicines in the U.S. and Germany From 2004 to 2018." e2229231. JAMA Network Open 5, no. 8 (August 2022).
- Article
The Covid-19 Pandemic Should Not Delay Actions to Prevent Anticompetitive Consolidation in U.S. Health Care Markets
By: Leemore S. Dafny
This article describes potential regulatory and legislative reforms to assist antitrust enforcement agencies in halting anticompetitive acquisitions and practices, and preserving and promoting competition in health care markets.
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Keywords:
Health Care and Treatment;
Markets;
Competition;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Dafny, Leemore S. "The Covid-19 Pandemic Should Not Delay Actions to Prevent Anticompetitive Consolidation in U.S. Health Care Markets." Promarket (June 10, 2021).
- December 2016
- Article
Selective Regulator Decoupling and Organizations' Strategic Responses
By: Jonas Heese, Ranjani Krishnan and Frank Moers
Organizations often respond to institutional pressures by symbolically adopting policies and procedures but decoupling them from actual practice. Literature has examined why organizations decouple from regulatory pressures. In this study, we argue that decoupling...
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Keywords:
Regulator Leniency;
Beneficence;
Mispricing;
Upcoding;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Health Care and Treatment;
Revenue;
Health Industry
Heese, Jonas, Ranjani Krishnan, and Frank Moers. "Selective Regulator Decoupling and Organizations' Strategic Responses." Academy of Management Journal 59, no. 6 (December 2016). (Selected for Best Paper Proceedings of the 2015 Academy of Management Annual Meeting. Winner of the Healthcare Management Division of the Academy of Management 2015 Best Paper Award.)
- November 2016 (Revised February 2017)
- Case
BrightStar Care: The Evolution of a Leadership Team
By: Boris Groysberg, Colleen Ammerman and John D. Vaughan
BrightStar Care was a rapidly growing franchise of home health care agencies. Founded by husband and wife team JD and Shelly Sun as a single agency near Chicago in 2002, BrightStar had opened nearly 300 franchises across the United States by 2016, generating over $300...
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Keywords:
Health Care Services;
Entrepreneurs;
Board Of Directors;
Boards Of Directors;
Health Care Industry;
Growth Strategy;
Organizational Change;
Brand Positioning;
Entrepreneurial Organizations;
Entrepreneurial Management;
Franchising;
Family-owned Business;
Home Health Care;
Managing Growth;
Management Styles;
Organizational Development;
Talent Management;
Women Executives;
Women And Leadership;
Business Startups;
Family Business;
Small Business;
Talent and Talent Management;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Health Care and Treatment;
Human Capital;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Business or Company Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Management Skills;
Management Style;
Management Succession;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Strategy;
Strategy
Groysberg, Boris, Colleen Ammerman, and John D. Vaughan. "BrightStar Care: The Evolution of a Leadership Team." Harvard Business School Case 417-020, November 2016. (Revised February 2017.)
- Fall 2016
- Article
The Integrity of Private Third-party Compliance Monitoring
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Government agencies are increasingly turning to private, third-party monitors to inspect and assess regulated entities’ compliance with law. The integrity of these regulatory regimes rests on the validity of the information third-party monitors provide to regulators....
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Compliance;
Compliance Policies;
Conflict Of Interest;
Independent Third Party;
Inspection;
Audit Quality;
Auditor;
Audit;
Environment;
Safety;
Conflict of Interests;
Working Conditions;
Labor;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Governance Compliance;
Accounting Audits
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "The Integrity of Private Third-party Compliance Monitoring." Administrative & Regulatory Law News 42, no. 1 (Fall 2016): 22–25.
- 2016
- Working Paper
Who Pays for White-Collar Crime?
By: Paul Healy and George Serafeim
Using a proprietary dataset of 667 companies around the world that experienced white-collar crime, we investigate what drives punishment of perpetrators of crime. We find a significantly lower propensity to punish crime in our sample, where most crimes are not reported...
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Keywords:
Crime;
Gender Bias;
Women;
Women Executives;
Corruption;
Legal Aspects Of Business;
Firing;
Human Capital;
Human Resource Management;
Prejudice and Bias;
Crime and Corruption;
Judgments;
Law Enforcement;
Human Resources;
Corporate Governance;
Gender
Healy, Paul, and George Serafeim. "Who Pays for White-Collar Crime?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-148, June 2016.
- 2015
- Working Paper
The Integrity of Private Third-party Compliance Monitoring
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Government agencies are increasingly turning to private, third-party monitors to inspect and assess regulated entities’ compliance with law. The integrity of these regulatory regimes rests on the validity of the information third-party monitors provide to regulators....
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Compliance;
Compliance Policies;
Conflict Of Interest;
Independent Third Party;
Inspection;
Audit Quality;
Auditor;
Audit;
Environment;
Production;
Supply Chain;
Quality;
Government Administration;
Working Conditions;
Safety;
Labor;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Governance Compliance;
Manufacturing Industry;
Public Administration Industry;
Accounting Industry;
Service Industry;
United States
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "The Integrity of Private Third-party Compliance Monitoring." Harvard Kennedy School Regulatory Policy Program Working Paper, No. RPP-2015-20, November 2015. (Revised December 2015.)
- 2019
- Working Paper
Self-Interest: The Economist's Straitjacket
By: Robert Simons
This paper examines contemporary economic theories that focus on the design and management of business organizations. In the first part of the paper, a taxonomy is presented that describes the different types of economists interested in this subject—market economists,...
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Keywords:
Self-interest;
Economist;
Moral Philosophers;
Regulation;
Capture;
Organization Design;
Economy Theory;
Organization Theory;
Management Theory;
Commitment;
Controls;
Governance;
Customers;
Conflict of Interests;
Business or Company Management;
Competition;
Organizational Design;
Business Education;
Agency Theory;
Economics;
Theory;
Boundaries
Simons, Robert. "Self-Interest: The Economist's Straitjacket." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-045, October 2015. (Revised January 2019.)
- August 2015 (Revised October 2017)
- Case
Turnaround at Norsk Gjenvinning (A)
By: George Serafeim
Erik Osmundsen, CEO of Norsk Gjenvinning (NG), had initiated a program to strenghten corporate governance, eliminate corruption and improve compliance, and as a result the company had experienced a turnover of almost half of its top 70 line managers and strained...
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Keywords:
Change Leadership;
Governance;
Compliance;
Waste Management;
Environmental Impact;
Social Responsibility;
Industry Regulation;
Regulatory Enforcement;
Turnaround;
Turn Around Management;
Corruption;
Leading Change;
Change Management;
Crime and Corruption;
Governance Compliance;
Wastes and Waste Processing;
Industrial Products Industry;
Norway;
Scandinavia;
Europe
Serafeim, George, and Shannon Gombos. "Turnaround at Norsk Gjenvinning (A)." Harvard Business School Case 116-012, August 2015. (Revised October 2017.)
- March 2014 (Revised June 2015)
- Case
Can Mexico Make Democracy Work?
By: Gunnar Trumbull and Jonathan Schlefer
Enrique Peña Nieto, the presidential candidate of the old Mexican ruling party elected in 2012, passed the most fundamental reforms in at least two decades. They included allowing private competition in the energy sector, including with the state-owned oil company,...
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Keywords:
Democratization;
Economic Development;
Competition Policy;
Exchange Rates;
Comparative Advantage;
Growth and Development;
Government Legislation;
Political Elections;
Economic Growth;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Energy Industry;
Communications Industry;
Banking Industry;
Latin America;
Mexico
Trumbull, Gunnar, and Jonathan Schlefer. "Can Mexico Make Democracy Work?" Harvard Business School Case 714-049, March 2014. (Revised June 2015.)
- September–October 2013
- Article
The Role of Organizational Scope and Governance in Strengthening Private Monitoring
By: Lamar Pierce and Michael W. Toffel
Governments and other organizations often outsource activities to achieve cost savings from market competition. Yet such benefits are often accompanied by poor quality resulting from moral hazard, which can be particularly onerous when outsourcing the monitoring and...
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Keywords:
Crime and Corruption;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Corporate Accountability;
Governance Compliance;
Policy;
Management Practices and Processes;
Demand and Consumers;
Market Design;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Transactions;
Service Delivery;
Service Operations;
Business Processes;
Organizational Structure;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Expectations;
Practice;
Transportation;
Transportation Industry;
Service Industry;
United States;
New York (state, US)
Pierce, Lamar, and Michael W. Toffel. "The Role of Organizational Scope and Governance in Strengthening Private Monitoring." Organization Science 24, no. 5 (September–October 2013): 1558–1584. (Winner of the NBS Research Impact on Practice Award from the Academy of Management (AOM) and Network for Business Sustainability (NBS))
- August 2013 (Revised October 2013)
- Case
Modern Family Planning: The Business of Circle Surrogacy
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Blake Landro
The business of surrogacy, a boutique practice with client costs upwards of $100,000, allowed couples and individuals from a variety of backgrounds, ages, and sexual orientations to build families. This case examines Circle Surrogacy (CS), one of the premier surrogacy...
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Keywords:
Family Planning;
Platform;
Competitive Advantage;
Law;
Globalization;
Competitive Strategy;
Digital Platforms;
United States;
Ukraine
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Blake Landro. "Modern Family Planning: The Business of Circle Surrogacy." Harvard Business School Case 714-418, August 2013. (Revised October 2013.)
- 2012
- White Paper
Robust Enforcement Should Complement Voluntary Regulation
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Spurred by the anti-regulation movement that started in the 1970s, voluntary self-regulation programs have emerged in many regulatory agencies, seeking to increase cooperation between government and industry to achieve greater and more cost-effective compliance....
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Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Robust Enforcement Should Complement Voluntary Regulation." Georgetown University Economic Policy Vignette, September 2012.
- Article
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Financial Regulation for the Twenty-First Century
By: Leonard J. Kennedy, Patricia A. McCoy and Ethan S. Bernstein
After existing regulatory systems failed to prevent the recent financial crisis, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a sweeping reform designed to alleviate the crisis and prevent its recurrence. Out of this Act, the Consumer...
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Keywords:
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau;
Dodd-Frank;
CFPB;
Financial Crisis;
Reform;
New Agency;
Market-based Approach;
Evidence-based Analysis;
Innovative Technologies And Transparency Policies;
BEST Practices;
Government and Politics;
Government Administration;
Finance;
Financial History;
Law;
Markets;
Organizations;
Organizational Design;
Business and Government Relations;
Balance and Stability;
Strategy;
Financial Services Industry;
Banking Industry;
United States
Kennedy, Leonard J., Patricia A. McCoy, and Ethan S. Bernstein. "The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Financial Regulation for the Twenty-First Century." Cornell Law Review 97, no. 5 (July 2012): 1141–1176.
- August 2011
- Article
Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing
By: Michael W. Toffel and Jodi L. Short
Regulatory agencies are increasingly establishing voluntary self-reporting programs both as an investigative tool and to encourage regulated firms to commit to policing themselves. We investigate whether voluntary self-reporting can reliably indicate effective...
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Keywords:
Environmental Sustainability;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Programs;
Governance Compliance;
Corporate Disclosure;
Law Enforcement
Toffel, Michael W., and Jodi L. Short. "Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing." Journal of Law & Economics 54, no. 3 (August 2011): 609–649.
- December 2010
- Article
Management and the Financial Crisis (We Have Met the Enemy and He Is Us...)
The financial crisis of 2008-2009 has revealed that our broad model of corporate governance is broken, independent of the shortcomings in the regulatory system. Managers and boards of directors in scores of systemically important firms failed to protect employees,...
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Keywords:
Risk Management;
Human Capital;
Ethics;
Policy;
Corporate Governance;
Financial Crisis;
Finance;
Business and Shareholder Relations
Sahlman, William A. "Management and the Financial Crisis (We Have Met the Enemy and He Is Us...)." Economics, Management, and Financial Markets 5, no. 4 (December 2010): 11–53.