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    • All HBS Web  (278)
      • Faculty Publications  (20)

      Racial Wealth Gap Remove Racial Wealth Gap →

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      • Working Paper

      Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials

      By: Marcella Alsan, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein and Heidi L. Williams
      This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it...  View Details
      Keywords: Representation; Racial Disparity; Health Testing and Trials; Race; Equality and Inequality; Innovation and Invention; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Alsan, Marcella, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Heidi L. Williams. "Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30575, October 2022. (Revise and resubmit, Quarterly Journal of Economics.)
      • June 2022
      • Teaching Plan

      Pacesetters

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Mel Martin
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 322-019. City Sealcoating CEO Keith Chaney had just publicly called out the Boston Chamber of Commerce for their slow progress on their supplier diversity program, Pacesetters. Established in 2018 by regional business leaders,...  View Details
      Keywords: Minority-owned Businesses; Procurement; Racial Wealth Gap; Diversity; Small Business; Restructuring; Contracts; Goals and Objectives; Performance Improvement; Performance Evaluation; United States; Massachusetts
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Mel Martin. "Pacesetters." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 822-101, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register

      By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia and Camelia Minoiu
      We examine the consequences of monetary policy on racial disparities, focusing on the role of bank lending to firms through collateral and selection channels. Leveraging comprehensive loan-level data from the U.S. credit register (Y-14Q) of the Federal Reserve, we show...  View Details
      Keywords: Monetary Policy Transmission; Inequity; Credit Registry; Wealth; Collateral Channel; Selection; Racial Disparity; Racial Inequality; Equality and Inequality; Banks and Banking; Credit; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Banking Industry; United States
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      Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, and Camelia Minoiu. "Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-068, April 2022.
      • November 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Pacesetters

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Mel Martin
      City Sealcoating CEO Keith Chaney had just publicly called out the Boston Chamber of Commerce for their slow progress on their supplier diversity program, Pacesetters. Established in 2018 by regional business leaders, Pacesetters was supposed to facilitate...  View Details
      Keywords: Racial Wealth Gap; Procurement; Suppliers; Diversity; Programs; Small Business; Restructuring; Contracts; United States; Boston
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Mel Martin. "Pacesetters." Harvard Business School Case 322-019, November 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • September–October 2021
      • Article

      Frontiers: Can an AI Algorithm Mitigate Racial Economic Inequality? An Analysis in the Context of Airbnb

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Nitin Mehta, Param Singh and Kannan Srinivasan
      We study the effect of Airbnb’s smart-pricing algorithm on the racial disparity in the daily revenue earned by Airbnb hosts. Our empirical strategy exploits Airbnb’s introduction of the algorithm and its voluntary adoption by hosts as a quasi-natural experiment. Among...  View Details
      Keywords: Smart Pricing; Pricing Algorithm; Machine Bias; Discrimination; Racial Disparity; Social Inequality; Airbnb Revenue; Revenue; Race; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Price; Mathematical Methods; Accommodations Industry
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Nitin Mehta, Param Singh, and Kannan Srinivasan. "Frontiers: Can an AI Algorithm Mitigate Racial Economic Inequality? An Analysis in the Context of Airbnb." Marketing Science 40, no. 5 (September–October 2021): 813–820.
      • September 2021
      • Case

      Posse Foundation: Developing Strong Leaders from Diverse Backgrounds

      By: John J-H Kim, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      Founded in 1989, Posse Foundation was a nonprofit organization with a mission of developing future leaders who reflected the U.S.’s rich diversity. The organization ran a selective, localized admissions process in 10 U.S. cities to identify outstanding students with...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Education; Higher Education; Decision Making; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Values and Beliefs; Geography; Geographic Scope; Growth and Development; Leadership; Leading Change; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Mission and Purpose; Partners and Partnerships; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Identity; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Expansion; Education Industry; North and Central America; United States
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      Kim, John J-H, Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Posse Foundation: Developing Strong Leaders from Diverse Backgrounds." Harvard Business School Case 322-016, September 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program

      By: Sergey Chernenko and David S. Scharfstein
      Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive PPP loans....  View Details
      Keywords: Discrimination; Paycheck Protection Program; Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Bank Lending; Nonbank Lending; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Prejudice and Bias; Race
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and David S. Scharfstein. "Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program." SSRN Working Paper Series, August 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29748, February 2022.)
      • April 2021
      • Case

      JPMorgan Chase's Path Forward

      By: Joseph L. Bower, Nien-hê Hsieh and Michael Norris
      In 2020, JPMorgan Chase announced a $30 billion Commitment to Advance Racial Equity. The Commitment included investments in housing, small businesses, and financial literacy across the U.S., and diversity, equity, and inclusion within the bank. It was part of a broader...  View Details
      Keywords: Racial Wealth Gap; Diversity; Race; Financial Institutions; Banks and Banking; Leading Change; Banking Industry; New York (city, NY); Chicago
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      Bower, Joseph L., Nien-hê Hsieh, and Michael Norris. "JPMorgan Chase's Path Forward." Harvard Business School Case 921-301, April 2021.
      • March 2021 (Revised October 2021)
      • Case

      Aligning Mission and Margin at Southern Bancorp

      By: Rebecca M. Henderson, Brian Trelstad and Eren Kuzucu
      In October 2020, after spending almost a decade to turnaround Southern Bancorp, an Arkansan bank founded with the mission to provide financial services to rural, underserved communities, CEO Darrin Williams is wondering how Southern Bancorp should continue to grow....  View Details
      Keywords: Racial Wealth Gap; Banks and Banking; Growth and Development; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Going Public; Investment Return; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States; Arkansas
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      Henderson, Rebecca M., Brian Trelstad, and Eren Kuzucu. "Aligning Mission and Margin at Southern Bancorp." Harvard Business School Case 321-099, March 2021. (Revised October 2021.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care

      By: Amitabh Chandra, Pragya Kakani and Adam Sacarny
      We develop a simple framework to measure the role of hospital allocation in racial disparities in health care and use it to study Black and white Medicare patients who are treated for heart attacks—a condition where virtually everyone receives care, hospital care is...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Equality and Inequality; Race; Analysis
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      Chandra, Amitabh, Pragya Kakani, and Adam Sacarny. "Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28018, November 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Note

      West Side United: Hospitals Tackle the Racial Health and Wealth Gap

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Joyce J. Kim
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 321-026.  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; COVID; Hospital; Coalition; Health Pandemics; Race; Health; Wealth and Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Change; Leadership; Chicago
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Joyce J. Kim. "West Side United: Hospitals Tackle the Racial Health and Wealth Gap." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 321-074, September 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Case

      West Side United: Hospitals Tackle the Racial Health and Wealth Gap

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Paul Stramaglia
      During the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. David Ansell, Darlene Hightower, and Ayesho Jaco, leaders of West Side United (WSU), a coalition of Chicago hospitals, community residents, banks, and small businesses conceived in 2016, reviewed progress toward WSU’s goal of ending...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID; COVID-19; Hospital; Coalition; Health Pandemics; Race; Health; Wealth and Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Change; Leadership; Chicago
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Paul Stramaglia. "West Side United: Hospitals Tackle the Racial Health and Wealth Gap." Harvard Business School Case 321-026, August 2020.
      • 2019
      • Chapter

      Origins and Development of Global Business

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter explores how business enterprises have been powerful actors in the spread of global capitalism between 1840 and the present day. Emerging out of the industrialized Western economies, global firms created and co-created markets and ecosystems through their...  View Details
      Keywords: Global Business; Multinational; Globalization; Business History; Strategy; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; Middle East; North and Central America; Oceania
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Origins and Development of Global Business." Chap. 2 in The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business, edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Christina Lubinski, and Heidi J.S. Tworek, 17–34. New York: Routledge, 2019.
      • December 2018 (Revised March 2020)
      • Technical Note

      Note on Economic Inequality (2020)

      By: Rebecca Henderson, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez
      For over half a century, most of the world's economies have enjoyed steady growth and prosperity. While this economic growth has reduced the number of people living in poverty, it has come with an increase in economic inequality. The gap between the "haves" and the...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Wealth Inequality; Equality Of Opportunity; Political Polarization; Economic Growth; Economics; Income; Wealth; Equality and Inequality; Society; Problems and Challenges
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      Henderson, Rebecca, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia, and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez. "Note on Economic Inequality (2020)." Harvard Business School Technical Note 319-071, December 2018. (Revised March 2020.)
      • March 2018
      • Article

      Global Business over Time

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This article explores how business enterprises have been powerful actors in the spread of global capitalism between 1840 and the present day. It also shows how global firms, emerging out of industrialized Western economies, created and co-created markets and ecosystems...  View Details
      Keywords: Global; Multinational; Business History; Globalization; Globalized Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Economic Systems
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Global Business over Time." Keiei ronshū [Meiji Business Review] 65, no. 1 (March 2018): 1–26.
      • 2017
      • Report

      The Competitive Advantage of Racial Equity

      By: Mark R. Kramer, Angela Glover Blackwell, Lalitha Vaidyanathan, Lakshmi Iyer and Josh Kirschenbaum
      Corporate America is missing out on one of the biggest opportunities of our time for driving innovation and growth: creating business value by advancing racial equity.
      Developed in partnership with PolicyLink and funded by the Ford and W.K. Kellogg foundations,...  View Details
      Keywords: Racial Equity; Diversity; Race; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation
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      Kramer, Mark R., Angela Glover Blackwell, Lalitha Vaidyanathan, Lakshmi Iyer, and Josh Kirschenbaum. "The Competitive Advantage of Racial Equity." Report, FSG, October 2017.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Business History, the Great Divergence and the Great Convergence

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This working paper provides a business history perspective on debates about the Great Divergence, the rise of the income gap between the West and the Rest, and the more recent Great Convergence, which has seen a narrowing of that gap. The literature on the timing and...  View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Economics; History; Wealth and Poverty; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Business History, the Great Divergence and the Great Convergence." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-004, July 2017.
      • February 2017 (Revised December 2018)
      • Case

      From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem (Abridged)

      By: Elie Ofek and Margot Eiran
      In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel’s strong innovation track record and the country’s reputation as the “start-up nation.” Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Government and Politics; Economy; Equality and Inequality; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Margot Eiran. "From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 517-103, February 2017. (Revised December 2018.)
      • December 2016 (Revised December 2018)
      • Case

      From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem

      By: Elie Ofek and Margot Eiran
      In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel’s strong innovation track record and the country’s reputation as the “startup nation.” Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he...  View Details
      Keywords: Israel; Israeli Start-up Nation; Innovation Economy; Entrepreneurial Mindset; Scaling-up; Unicorns; Innovation Clusters; High-tech; Innovation Management; Multinational Corporation R&D Centers; Social Equality; Two-tier Economy; Liberalizing An Economy; Foreign Investment; Military Service; Quality Of Human Capital; Socioeconomic Gaps; Labor Force Participation; Government Initiatives; Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Business Startups; Government and Politics; Economy; Equality and Inequality; Education; Resource Allocation; Globalization; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Margot Eiran. "From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 517-066, December 2016. (Revised December 2018.)
      • 2003
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Initiative for a Competitive Milwaukee: A Call to Action

      By: Michael E. Porter
      The inner city of Milwaukee holds great promise, but is not advancing economically. The inner city has been hard hit by the loss of many of its largest employers as a result of relocation, acquisition and failure. According to the 2000 US Census data, thirty percent of...  View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Society; Poverty; Economy; Growth and Development; Wisconsin
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      Porter, Michael E. "Initiative for a Competitive Milwaukee: A Call to Action." Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, September 2003. (Report.)
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