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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (3,022)
      • Faculty Publications  (401)

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      Transformation at Eli Lilly & Co. (A)
      Scale and Innovation During Two U.S. Breakthrough Eras
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      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Private and Social Returns to R&D: Drug Development and Demographics

      By: Efraim Benmelech, Janice Eberly, Dimitris Papanikolaou and Joshua Krieger
      Investment in intangible capital—in particular, research and development—increased dramatically since the 1990s. However, output and measured productivity growth remains sluggish in recent years. One potential reason is that a significant share of the increase in...  View Details
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      Benmelech, Efraim, Janice Eberly, Dimitris Papanikolaou, and Joshua Krieger. "Private and Social Returns to R&D: Drug Development and Demographics." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-083, January 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Article

      COVID-19 and the Workplace: Implications, Issues, and Insights for Future Research and Action

      By: Kevin M. Kniffin, Jayanth Narayanan, Frederik Anseel, John Antonakis, Susan Ashford, Arnold B. Bakker, Peter Bamberger, Hari Bapuji, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Virginia K. Choi, Stephanie Creary, Evangelia Demerouti, Francis J. Flynn, Michele J. Gelfand, Lindred Greer, Gary Johns, Selin Kesebir, Peter G. Klein, Sun Young Lee, Hakan Ozcelik, Jennifer Louise Petriglieri, Nancy Rothbard, Cort W. Rudolph, Jason D. Shaw, Nina Sirola, Connie R. Wanberg, Ashley V. Whillans, Michael P. Wilmot and Mark van Vugt
      The impacts of COVID-19 on workers and workplaces across the globe have been dramatic. This broad review of prior research rooted in work and organizational psychology, and related fields, is intended to make sense of the implications for employees, teams, and work...  View Details
      Keywords: Covid-19; Work; Work From Home (wfh); Pandemics; Health Pandemics; Employees; Working Conditions; Organizational Change And Adaptation
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      Kniffin, Kevin M., Jayanth Narayanan, Frederik Anseel, John Antonakis, Susan Ashford, Arnold B. Bakker, Peter Bamberger, Hari Bapuji, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Virginia K. Choi, Stephanie Creary, Evangelia Demerouti, Francis J. Flynn, Michele J. Gelfand, Lindred Greer, Gary Johns, Selin Kesebir, Peter G. Klein, Sun Young Lee, Hakan Ozcelik, Jennifer Louise Petriglieri, Nancy Rothbard, Cort W. Rudolph, Jason D. Shaw, Nina Sirola, Connie R. Wanberg, Ashley V. Whillans, Michael P. Wilmot, and Mark van Vugt. "COVID-19 and the Workplace: Implications, Issues, and Insights for Future Research and Action." American Psychologist 76, no. 1 (January 2021): 63–77.
      • December 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Forecasting ClimaCell

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger, Christopher Stanton and James Barnett
      A weather technology startup, ClimaCell considers the R&D trade-offs and financing implications of pursuing a proposed contract with a major automobile maker, rather than continuing its focus on building a scalable, all-purpose weather prediction engine.  View Details
      Keywords: Weather; Forecasting And Prediction; Business Startups; Research And Development; Finance; Cost Vs Benefits; Decision Making; Strategy; United States; Israel; Massachusetts; Colorado
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, Christopher Stanton, and James Barnett. "Forecasting ClimaCell." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 821-008, December 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Effects of Temporal Distance on Intra-Firm Communication: Evidence from Daylight Savings Time

      By: Jasmina Chauvin, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tommy Pan Fang
      Cross-border communication costs have plummeted and enabled the global distribution of work, but frictions attributable to distance persist. We estimate the causal effects of temporal distance stemming from time zone differences on intra-firm communication. We argue...  View Details
      Keywords: Communication Patterns; Time Zones; Geographic Frictions; Knowledge Workers; Multinational Companies; Communication; Multinational Firms And Management; Geographic Location
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      Chauvin, Jasmina, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Tommy Pan Fang. "The Effects of Temporal Distance on Intra-Firm Communication: Evidence from Daylight Savings Time." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-052, September 2020.
      • October 2020
      • Case

      Israelis, Palestinians and the Technology Bridge Between Them: A Work in Progress

      By: Elie Ofek and Lia Weiner
      In Israel of 2020 the demand for software engineers was endless. Meanwhile just miles away, Palestinian universities were graduating 3,000 engineers a year, and many of them could not find jobs in the still nascent Palestinian tech sector. Could these dots be...  View Details
      Keywords: Geopolitics; Technology Ecosystem; Software Engineers; Technology; Software; Business Startups; International Relations; Cooperation; Opportunities; Problems And Challenges; Technology Industry; Israel; Palestinian State
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      Ofek, Elie, and Lia Weiner. "Israelis, Palestinians and the Technology Bridge Between Them: A Work in Progress." Harvard Business School Case 521-046, October 2020.
      • September 28, 2020
      • Article

      In R&D, Generalists Are More Valuable Than You Think

      By: Frank Nagle and Florenta Teodoridis
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      Nagle, Frank, and Florenta Teodoridis. "In R&D, Generalists Are More Valuable Than You Think." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 28, 2020).
      • Article

      Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents

      By: David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary P. Pisano and Pian Shu
      Manufacturing accounts for more than three-quarters of U.S. corporate patents. The competitive shock to this sector emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U.S. patents matched to corporate...  View Details
      Keywords: Patents; Production; Trade; Competition; Innovation And Invention; United States
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      Autor, David, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary P. Pisano, and Pian Shu. "Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents." American Economic Review: Insights 2, no. 3 (September 2020): 357–374.
      • Article

      Get Ready to Sell

      By: Frank V. Cespedes and Bud Hyler
      Time-to-market measures the time to have a product ready to ship. But that’s not revenue and cash. Many firms with superb R&D functions lack an understanding of what’s needed to be ready-to-sell. Meanwhile, relevant tools are increasing in scope and decreasing in cost....  View Details
      Keywords: Ready-to-sell; Sales; Health Pandemics; Performance Effectiveness
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      Cespedes, Frank V., and Bud Hyler. "Get Ready to Sell." Top Sales Magazine (September 2020), 32–33.
      • 2020
      • Article

      Inconvenient Truths: Interpreting the Origins of the Internet

      By: Shane Greenstein
      A conventional economic narrative provides intellectual underpinnings for governments to subsidize research and development ("R&D") that coordinates risky research to benefit many in society. This essay compares this narrative with the origins and invention of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Lead Users; Technology Transfer; Internet; History; Analysis; Research And Development; Governance; Technology; Policy
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      Greenstein, Shane. "Inconvenient Truths: Interpreting the Origins of the Internet." Journal of Law & Innovation 3 (2020): 36–68.
      • May 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Shiseido: Reinvesting in Brand

      By: Jill Avery
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-026. Shiseido was in the midst of a six year corporate turnaround, trying to reverse the effects of decades of under-investment in R&D and marketing that had led to a vicious cycle of declining customer support and brand value. Would...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Marketing Roi; Brand Portfolio Strategy; Growth Strategy; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Brands And Branding; Growth And Development Strategy; Beauty And Cosmetics Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Japan; Asia
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      Avery, Jill. "Shiseido: Reinvesting in Brand." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 520-116, May 2020.
      • April 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Indigo Agriculture: Harnessing Nature

      By: Michael W. Toffel and James Barnett
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 620-024. Indigo Agriculture used a digital-enabled research and development (R&D) process to launch its initial product, microbial coatings for agricultural seeds, which increase crop yields while reducing the need for fertilizers. In doing...  View Details
      Keywords: Operations; Supply Chain; Social Enterprise; Product Development; Distribution Channels; Business Strategy; Market Platforms; Science-based Business; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Green Technology Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      Toffel, Michael W., and James Barnett. "Indigo Agriculture: Harnessing Nature." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 620-075, April 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Governance Through Shame and Aspiration: Index Creation and Corporate Behavior

      By: Akash Chattopadhyay, Matthew D. Shaffer and Charles C.Y. Wang
      After decades of deprioritizing shareholders' economic interests and low corporate profitability, Japan introduced the JPX-Nikkei400 in 2014. The index highlighted the country's "best-run" companies by annually selecting the 400 most profitable of its large and liquid...  View Details
      Keywords: Jpx-nikkei 400 Index; Status Incentives; Return On Equity; Capital Efficiency; Social Norms; Index Inclusion; Reputation Incentives; Motivation And Incentives; Corporate Governance; Behavior; Investment Return; Status And Position; Japan
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      Chattopadhyay, Akash, Matthew D. Shaffer, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Governance Through Shame and Aspiration: Index Creation and Corporate Behavior." Journal of Financial Economics 135, no. 3 (March 2020): 704–724.
      • March–April 2020
      • Article

      Building A Culture of Experimentation

      By: Stefan Thomke
      Why don’t organizations test more? After examining this question for several years, I can tell you that the central reason is culture. As companies try to scale up their experimentation capacity, they often find that the obstacles are not tools and technology but...  View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; Culture; Innovation; Online; Customer Experience; Organizational Culture; Innovation And Invention; Online Technology; Attitudes; Decision Making; Change; Leadership
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      Thomke, Stefan. "Building A Culture of Experimentation." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 2 (March–April 2020): 40–48.
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Do Managers Matter? A Natural Experiment from 42 R&D Labs in India

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna and Christos A. Makridis
      We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the staggered entry of new managers into India’s 42 public R&D labs between 1994 and 2006 to study how alignment between the CEO and middle-level managers affect research productivity. We show that the introduction of new lab...  View Details
      Keywords: Incentives; Innovation; Productivity; Management; Alignment; Research And Development; Innovation And Invention; Performance Productivity; India
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, and Christos A. Makridis. "Do Managers Matter? A Natural Experiment from 42 R&D Labs in India." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 36, no. 1 (March 2020): 47–83.
      • February 2020
      • Supplement

      Indigo Agriculture: Harnessing Nature

      By: Michael W. Toffel and James Barnett
      Indigo Agriculture used a digital-enabled research and development (R&D) process to launch its initial product, microbial coatings for agricultural seeds, which increase crop yields while reducing the need for fertilizers. In doing so, the company developed direct...  View Details
      Keywords: Operations; Supply Chain; Social Enterprise; Product Development; Distribution Channels; Business Strategy; Market Platforms; Environmental Sustainability; Science-based Business; Climate Change; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Green Technology Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      Toffel, Michael W., and James Barnett. "Indigo Agriculture: Harnessing Nature." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 620-110, February 2020.
      • January 2020
      • Case

      The Origins of Bell Labs

      By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
      In 1947, scientists at Bell Labs invented the transistor—a tiny signal amplifier that would go on to become the fundamental building block of the digital age. But, confounding most traditional economic assumptions, it was not a vigorous startup that made this momentous...  View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Patents; Monopoly; Organizational Structure; Competitive Strategy; Telecommunications Industry; Boston; Massachusetts; New York (city, Ny)
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      Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "The Origins of Bell Labs." Harvard Business School Case 820-081, January 2020.
      • December 2019 (Revised March 2020)
      • Case

      Impossible Foods

      By: Jose B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
      Impossible Foods founder and CEO Pat Brown started the company out of concern over livestock production’s impact on climate change. Impossible’s mission is to end consumption of animals by 2035, and its strategy is to develop and market plant-based foods so similar to...  View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Food; Consumer Behavior; Behavior; Venture Capital; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Marketing Strategy; Distribution; Production; Product Development; Product Positioning; Growth Management; Global Strategy; Competition; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Animal-based Agribusiness; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Technology Industry; Food And Beverage Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; China; Asia; California; Hong Kong; Taiwan
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      Alvarez, Jose B., and Natalie Kindred. "Impossible Foods." Harvard Business School Case 520-046, December 2019. (Revised March 2020.)
      • December 2019
      • Case

      Forecasting ClimaCell

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger, Christopher Stanton and James Barnett
      A weather technology startup, ClimaCell considers the R&D trade-offs and financing implications of pursuing a proposed contract with a major automobile maker, rather than continuing its focus on building a scalable, all-purpose weather prediction engine.  View Details
      Keywords: Weather; Forecasting And Prediction; Technological Innovation; Research And Development; Finance; Cost Vs Benefits; Decision Making; Strategy
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, Christopher Stanton, and James Barnett. "Forecasting ClimaCell." Harvard Business School Case 820-044, December 2019.
      • November 2019
      • Case

      The Genesis Lab at Novartis

      By: Amy C. Edmondson, Ranjay Gulati, Patrick J. Healy and Kerry Herman
      Novartis' Genesis Labs program, launched in 2016 as part of Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), hosted pitch competitions where teams of NIBR scientists proposed ideas to explore that aimed to revolutionize drug discovery. The goal was to break down...  View Details
      Keywords: Drug Discovery; Health Care And Treatment; Research And Development; Innovation And Invention; Programs; Management
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      Edmondson, Amy C., Ranjay Gulati, Patrick J. Healy, and Kerry Herman. "The Genesis Lab at Novartis." Harvard Business School Case 620-007, November 2019.
      • November 2019 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      Indigo Agriculture: Harnessing Nature

      By: Marco Iansiti, Michael W. Toffel and James Barnett
      Indigo Agriculture used a digital-enabled research and development (R&D) process to launch its initial product, microbial coatings for agricultural seeds, which increase crop yields while reducing the need for fertilizers. In doing so, the company developed direct...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Sequestration; Operations; Supply Chain; Social Enterprise; Product Development; Distribution Channels; Business Strategy; Market Platforms; Environmental Sustainability; Science-based Business; Climate Change; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Green Technology Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      Iansiti, Marco, Michael W. Toffel, and James Barnett. "Indigo Agriculture: Harnessing Nature." Harvard Business School Case 620-024, November 2019. (Revised June 2020.)
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      Transformation at Eli Lilly & Co. (A)
      Scale and Innovation During Two U.S. Breakthrough Eras
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