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- September 2022
- Article
Find and Replace: R&D Investment Following the Erosion of Existing Products
By: Joshua L. Krieger, Xuelin Li and Richard T. Thakor
How do innovative firms react when existing products experience negative shocks? We explore this question with detailed project-level data from drug development firms. Using FDA Public Health Advisories as idiosyncratic negative shocks to approved drugs, we first...
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Keywords:
R&D Investments;
Drug Development;
Product Shocks;
M&A;
Biopharmaceutical Industry;
FDA;
System Shocks;
Research and Development;
Investment;
Decision Making;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Krieger, Joshua L., Xuelin Li, and Richard T. Thakor. "Find and Replace: R&D Investment Following the Erosion of Existing Products." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 6552–6571.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Multi-location Workers in Multinational Firms? Tradeoffs in Contextual Specialization of Employees and Organizational Outcomes
We study how “contextual specialization,” the act of focusing workers’ organizational tasks within a particular locational context, and “contextual non-specialization,” the practice of diversifying workers’ organizational tasks among multiple locational contexts,...
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Keywords:
Talent and Talent Management;
Performance;
Experience and Expertise;
Selection and Staffing;
Strength and Weakness;
Personal Development and Career
Gibson, Hise O., Ryan W. Buell, and Prithwiraj Choudhury. "Multi-location Workers in Multinational Firms? Tradeoffs in Contextual Specialization of Employees and Organizational Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-007, August 2021.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub
By: Annamaria Conti, Christian Peukert and Maria Roche
We study the participation of nascent firms in open source communities and its implications for attracting funding. To do so, we exploit rich data on 160,065 US startups linking information from Crunchbase to firms' GitHub accounts. Estimating a within-startup model...
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Keywords:
Startups;
Technology Strategy;
GitHub;
Machine Learning;
Business Startups;
Venture Capital;
Information Technology;
Strategy
Conti, Annamaria, Christian Peukert, and Maria Roche. "Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-001, July 2021. (Revised October 2022.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Absenteeism, Productivity, and Relational Contracts Inside the Firm
By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Jean-François Gauthier, Anant Nyshadham and Jorge Tamayo
We study relational contracts among managers using a unique dataset that tracks transfers of workers across teams in Indian ready-made garment factories. We focus on how relational contracts help managers cope with worker absenteeism shocks, which are frequent, often...
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Keywords:
Implicit Contracts;
Productivity;
Misallocation;
Absenteeism;
Supervisors;
Readymade Garments;
Contracts;
Relationships;
Management;
Employees;
Behavior;
Performance Productivity;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
India
Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Jean-François Gauthier, Anant Nyshadham, and Jorge Tamayo. "Absenteeism, Productivity, and Relational Contracts Inside the Firm." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-109, March 2021. (R&R Journal of the European Economic Association.)
- February 2021
- Article
Do Household Wealth Shocks Affect Productivity? Evidence from Innovative Workers During the Great Recession
By: S. Bernstein, T. McQuade and R. Townsend
We investigate how the deterioration of household balance sheets affects worker productivity, and, in turn, economic downturns. Specifically, we compare the output of innovative workers who experienced differential declines in housing wealth during the financial crisis...
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Keywords:
Great Recession;
Household;
Financial Condition;
System Shocks;
Employees;
Performance Productivity
Bernstein, S., T. McQuade, and R. Townsend. "Do Household Wealth Shocks Affect Productivity? Evidence from Innovative Workers During the Great Recession." Journal of Finance 76, no. 1 (February 2021): 57–111.
- January 2021
- Article
Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times
By: Philippe Aghion, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
What is the optimal form of firm organization during “bad times”? We present a model of delegation within the firm to show that the effect is ambiguous. The greater turbulence following macro shocks may benefit decentralized firms because the value of local information...
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Keywords:
Decentralization;
Growth;
Turbulence;
Great Recession;
Organizational Design;
System Shocks;
Economic Growth;
Performance
Aghion, Philippe, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 133–169.
- Article
Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents
By: David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary P. Pisano and Pian Shu
Manufacturing accounts for more than three-quarters of U.S. corporate patents. The competitive shock to this sector emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U.S. patents matched to corporate...
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Autor, David, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary P. Pisano, and Pian Shu. "Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents." American Economic Review: Insights 2, no. 3 (September 2020): 357–374.
- Summer 2020
- Article
Is It Time to Rethink Globalized Supply Chains?: The COVID-19 Pandemic Should Be a Wake-up Call for Managers and Prompt Them to Consider Actions That Will Improve Their Resilience to Future Shocks
By: Willy C. Shih
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the complex interdependencies of globalized supply chains. While these global multistage production networks had spread during a relatively benign environment of falling trade barriers and increasing interdependencies among countries,...
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Keywords:
Supply Chains;
Pandemic;
Resilience;
Supply Chain Management;
Supply Chain;
Global Range;
Health Pandemics;
Disruption;
System Shocks;
Crisis Management;
Manufacturing Industry;
United States;
Asia;
Europe;
China
Shih, Willy C. "Is It Time to Rethink Globalized Supply Chains? The COVID-19 Pandemic Should Be a Wake-up Call for Managers and Prompt Them to Consider Actions That Will Improve Their Resilience to Future Shocks." MIT Sloan Management Review 61, no. 4 (Summer 2020): 16–18.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Founder-CEO Compensation and Selection into Venture Capital-Backed Entrepreneurship
By: Michael Ewens, Ramana Nanda and Christopher Stanton
We show theoretically that a critical determinant of the attractiveness of VC-backed entrepreneurship for high-earning potential founders is the expected time to develop a startup’s initial product. This is because founder-CEOs’ cash compensation increases...
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Ewens, Michael, Ramana Nanda, and Christopher Stanton. "Founder-CEO Compensation and Selection into Venture Capital-Backed Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-119, May 2020. (Revise and Resubmit at Journal of Finance. Revised January 2023.)
- Fall 2019
- Article
Endogenous Productivity of Demand-Induced R&D: Evidence from Pharmaceuticals
By: Kyle Myers and Mark Pauly
We examine trends in the productivity of the pharmaceutical sector over the past three decades. Motivated by Ricardo’s insight that productivity and rents are endogenous to demand when inputs are scarce, we examine the industry’s aggregate R&D production function....
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Productivity;
Pharmaceuticals;
Innovation and Invention;
Performance Productivity;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Myers, Kyle, and Mark Pauly. "Endogenous Productivity of Demand-Induced R&D: Evidence from Pharmaceuticals." RAND Journal of Economics 50, no. 3 (Fall 2019): 591–614.
- 2019
- Working Paper
The Effect of Payment Choices on Online Retail: Evidence from the 2016 Indian Demonetization
By: Chaithanya Bandi, Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe and Zhiji Xu
The Indian banknote demonetization in 2016 was one of the most significant international events of that year. Overnight, 86% of Indian currency in circulation was declared invalid unless exchanged for new bills. The sudden and unexpected demonetization constituted a...
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Keywords:
Cash On Delivery;
Online Retail;
Product Returns;
Payment Methods;
Digitization;
Emerging Markets;
Currency;
Internet and the Web;
Demand and Consumers;
Retail Industry;
India
Bandi, Chaithanya, Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe, and Zhiji Xu. "The Effect of Payment Choices on Online Retail: Evidence from the 2016 Indian Demonetization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-123, June 2019.
- June 2019
- Case
The Shale Revolution: America's Energy Independence?
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Howaida Kamel
The shale revolution has upended oil and gas markets for nearly a decade and has positioned the U.S. to become a net energy exporter by 2020. Technological improvements pushed productivity forward which has had positive overall positive affects for the U.S. economy....
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- 2019
- Working Paper
Government Technology Policy, Social Value, and National Competitiveness
By: Frank Nagle
This study seeks to better understand the impact that government technology procurement regulations have on social value and national competitiveness. To do this, it examines the impact of a change in France’s technology procurement policy that required government...
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Keywords:
Social Value;
Competitiveness;
Government Administration;
Information Technology;
Acquisition;
Policy;
Value
Nagle, Frank. "Government Technology Policy, Social Value, and National Competitiveness." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-103, March 2019.
- August 2018 (Revised August 2018)
- Case
The De Beers Group: Launching Lightbox Jewelry for Lab-Grown Diamonds
By: Benjamin C. Esty
In May 2018, the De Beers Group shocked the diamond industry when it announced it was launching a new fashion jewelry brand of laboratory-grown (synthetic) diamonds. The reaction was swift as people sought to understand the company’s motivations: was it a “huge gamble”...
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Keywords:
Diamonds;
Differentiation;
New Business;
Strategy Development;
Strategy Execution;
Scope;
Adjacency;
Core;
Commoditization;
New Product Launch;
Mining;
Retail;
Corporate Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Disruption;
Value Creation;
Product Launch;
Segmentation;
Expansion;
Competitive Advantage;
United States;
United Kingdom
Esty, Benjamin C. "The De Beers Group: Launching Lightbox Jewelry for Lab-Grown Diamonds." Harvard Business School Case 719-408, August 2018. (Revised August 2018.)
- 2016
- Working Paper
Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents
By: David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Pian Shu and Gary Pisano
Manufacturing is the locus of U.S. innovation, accounting for more than three quarters of U.S. corporate patents. The rise of import competition from China has represented a major competitive shock to the sector, which in theory could benefit or stifle innovation. In...
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Keywords:
Patents;
Competition;
System Shocks;
Trade;
Innovation and Invention;
Manufacturing Industry;
China;
United States
Autor, David, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Pian Shu, and Gary Pisano. "Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22879, December 2016.
- 2016
- Chapter
Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration
By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit and William R. Kerr
The propagation of macroeconomic shocks through input-output and geographic networks can be a powerful driver of macroeconomic fluctuations. We first exposit that in the presence of Cobb-Douglas production functions and consumer preferences, there is a specific pattern...
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Keywords:
Economic Fluctuations;
Geographic Collocation;
Input-output Linkages;
Propagation;
Shocks;
Networks;
Fluctuation;
System Shocks;
Macroeconomics
Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, and William R. Kerr. "Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration." In NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2015, Vol. 30, edited by Martin Eichenbaum and Jonathan Parker, 273–335. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2016.
- 2015
- Working Paper
Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration
By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit and William Kerr
The propagation of macroeconomic shocks through input-output and geographic networks can be a powerful driver of macroeconomic fluctuations. We first exposit that in the presence of Cobb-Douglas production functions and consumer preferences there is a specific pattern...
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Keywords:
Economic Fluctuations;
Geographic Collocation;
Input-output Linkages;
Propagation;
Shocks;
Networks;
Fluctuation;
System Shocks;
Macroeconomics
Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, and William Kerr. "Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-006, July 2015.
- September 2013 (Revised August 2015)
- Background Note
Leadership and Teaming
By: Ethan Bernstein
Small differences in the leadership of teams can have large consequences for the success of their efforts. Many initiatives fail not because of a fatal error in judgment or insufficient ideas, knowledge, motivation, or capabilities to deliver a solution. They fail...
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Keywords:
Teams;
Teaming;
Leadership And Managing People;
Leadership;
Team Effectiveness;
Team Performance;
Team Design;
Team Leadership;
Teamwork;
Team Process;
Team Function;
Team Launch;
60/30/10 Rule;
Team Boundary;
Distribution Of Leadership Authority;
Self-Managed Teams;
Virtual Teams;
Unbounded Teams;
Acts Of Leadership;
Execution Teams;
Decision Making Teams;
Creativity Teams;
Team Size;
Task Design;
Team Timeline;
Team Roles;
Team Representation;
Diversity;
Team Familiarity;
Collective Intelligence;
Team Stages Of Development;
Team Coaching;
Performance Pressure;
X-Teams;
Team Focus;
Interaction;
Management Teams;
Managerial Roles;
Management Systems;
Management Style;
Management Skills;
Management Practices and Processes;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Efficiency;
Performance Productivity;
Groups and Teams;
Networks;
Social Psychology;
Behavior;
Conflict and Resolution;
Creativity;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Satisfaction;
Prejudice and Bias;
Power and Influence;
Personal Characteristics;
Familiarity;
Cognition and Thinking;
Attitudes;
Projects;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Knowledge Sharing;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Design;
Interpersonal Communication;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Asia;
North and Central America;
South America;
Atlantic Ocean;
Central Asia;
Europe;
Latin America;
Middle East;
Oceania;
West Indies
Bernstein, Ethan. "Leadership and Teaming." Harvard Business School Background Note 414-033, September 2013. (Revised August 2015.)
- October 2008 (Revised January 2010)
- Case
Airbus A380—Turbulence Ahead
By: Ananth Raman, William Schmidt and Vishal Gaur
Multiple delays of the Airbus A380 have shocked analysts and investors alike. What are the causes of these delays and how should investors respond to the signals they may be sending about the company's outlook?
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Keywords:
Investment;
Product Development;
Outcome or Result;
Performance Expectations;
Air Transportation Industry
Raman, Ananth, William Schmidt, and Vishal Gaur. "Airbus A380—Turbulence Ahead." Harvard Business School Case 609-041, October 2008. (Revised January 2010.)
- November 1995 (Revised February 1996)
- Case
Monsanto Company: The Coming of Age of Bio-Technology
By: Ray A. Goldberg and Thomas N. Urban Jr
Monsanto has one product, Roundup, accounting for 30% of company net income and is going off patent. How should the company position itself and its products in the future?
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Goldberg, Ray A., and Thomas N. Urban Jr. "Monsanto Company: The Coming of Age of Bio-Technology." Harvard Business School Case 596-034, November 1995. (Revised February 1996.)