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      • Faculty Publications  (46)

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      • February 2022
      • Case

      Sekisui House and the In-Home Early Detection Platform

      By: John D. Macomber and Akiko Kanno
      To address an aging population and sales declines, major Japanese homebuilder considers pivoting to provide and support an in-home health detection platform, in competition with tech companies. This case considers the point of view of major builders regarding how...  View Details
      Keywords: Voice Assistants; Architecture; Smart Home; Aging Society; Digitalization; Real Estate; Home Automation; Sensors; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Health Care and Treatment; Housing; Age; Real Estate Industry; Construction Industry; Health Industry; Japan
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      Macomber, John D., and Akiko Kanno. "Sekisui House and the In-Home Early Detection Platform." Harvard Business School Case 222-070, February 2022.
      • January 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms

      By: Willy C. Shih and Shu Lin
      Kent Bovellan, the Chief Engineer and Head of the Vehicle Architecture Center for Geely Holding, the Hangzhou, China headquartered global automotive group, was debating the platform choice for an upcoming "D" segment midsized battery electric vehicle (BEV). He had led...  View Details
      Keywords: Product Innovation; Product Architecture; Product Engineering; Platform Design; Platform Strategy; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Product Design; Product Development; Cost Management; Decision Making; Competitive Strategy; Industry Structures; Auto Industry; China; Sweden
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      Shih, Willy C., and Shu Lin. "Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms." Harvard Business School Case 622-001, January 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Cloud Adoption and Digital Transformation: The Paradoxical Role of Enterprise Data Architecture

      By: Sam (Ruiqing) Cao and Marco Iansiti
      Large traditional conglomerates increasingly invest in cloud infrastructure through adopting Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) products, which facilitates digital transformation but creates complex interdependent systems spanning...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizations; Information Technology; Performance Productivity; Growth and Development; Transformation
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      Cao, Sam (Ruiqing), and Marco Iansiti. "Cloud Adoption and Digital Transformation: The Paradoxical Role of Enterprise Data Architecture." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-122, May 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • December 2020
      • Case

      Château Margaux: Serving Up the Third Wine

      By: Elie Ofek
      In fall 2019, Corinne Mentzelopoulos, owner of the famous first-growth Château Margaux, is pondering a series of decisions with respect to the chateau's third wine. Margaux du Château Marguax, as this wine was called, was launched in 2013 with a particular goal in mind...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Pricing; Wine Industry; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Performance Evaluation; Price; Distribution Channels; Growth and Development Strategy; France
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      Ofek, Elie. "Château Margaux: Serving Up the Third Wine." Harvard Business School Case 521-054, December 2020.
      • 2020
      • Book

      Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity

      By: Joseph Allen and John D. Macomber
      By the time you reach 80, you will have spent 72 years of your life indoors. Like it or not, humans have become an indoor species. This means that the people who design, build, and maintain our buildings can have a major impact on our health.
      Ever feel tired...  View Details
      Keywords: Architecture; Real Estate Development; Air Pollution; Air Quality; Public Health; Productivity Gains; Buildings and Facilities; Health; Pollutants; Performance Productivity; Construction Industry
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      Allen, Joseph, and John D. Macomber. Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Case

      A Tower for the People: 425 Park Avenue

      By: John Macomber, Joseph G. Allen and Emily Jones
      Healthy buildings and superior air quality are increasingly important since people now spend so much time indoors. Indoor spaces drive performance and productivity. Commercial real estate landlords and investors are responding to the demands of sophisticated tenants...  View Details
      Keywords: Health And Wellness; Real Estate; Sustainability; Health; Pollution; Buildings and Facilities; Performance Productivity; Finance; Real Estate Industry; New York (city, NY)
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      Macomber, John, Joseph G. Allen, and Emily Jones. "A Tower for the People: 425 Park Avenue." Harvard Business School Case 220-065, March 2020.
      • 2019
      • Article

      Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation

      By: John Winsor, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman and Karim R. Lakhani
      Purpose: This article offers insight on how to effectively help incumbent organizations prepare for global business shifts to open source and digital business models.
      Design/methodology/approach: Discussion related to observation, experience and case studies...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Innovation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Model; Technological Innovation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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      Winsor, John, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation." Strategy & Leadership 47, no. 6 (2019): 28–33.
      • October 14, 2019
      • Article

      The Truth About Open Offices: There Are Reasons Why They Don't Produce the Desired Interactions

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Ben Waber
      It’s never been easier for workers to collaborate—or so it seems. Open, flexible, activity-based spaces are displacing cubicles, making people more visible. Messaging is displacing phone calls, making people more accessible. Enterprise social media such as Slack and...  View Details
      Keywords: Buildings and Facilities; Interpersonal Communication; Communication Technology; Design; Human Resources; Performance Productivity; Organizational Design
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Ben Waber. "The Truth About Open Offices: There Are Reasons Why They Don't Produce the Desired Interactions." Harvard Business Review 97, no. 6 (November–December 2019): 82–91.
      • 2019
      • Book

      The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power

      By: Shoshana Zuboff
      In this masterwork of original thinking and research, Shoshana Zuboff provides startling insights into the phenomenon that she has named surveillance capitalism. The stakes could not be higher: a global architecture of behavior modification threatens human nature in...  View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Profiling; Consumer Behavior; Forecasting and Prediction; Information Technology; Power and Influence; Ethics; Society; Transformation
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      Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.
      • September 2017 (Revised August 2019)
      • Background Note

      Production Processes

      By: Willy Shih and Michael W. Toffel
      This note describes four broad categories of process architectures and then examines the nature of task assignment that typically would be found in a factory organized along the lines of each process type. It then delves more deeply into work flow policies, materials...  View Details
      Keywords: Production Management; Production Planning; Production Scheduling; Process Analysis; Process Maps; Processing Times; Process Improvement; Production; Management; Product; Consumer Products Industry
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      Shih, Willy, and Michael W. Toffel. "Production Processes." Harvard Business School Background Note 618-023, September 2017. (Revised August 2019.)
      • January 2017
      • Teaching Note

      The Park Hotels: Revitalizing an Iconic Indian Brand

      By: Jill Avery and Chekitan S. Dev
      Priya Paul, chairwoman of The Park Hotels, an award-winning portfolio of thirteen boutique hotels scattered across India, was in the midst of a brand revitalization program. Landor Associates, a leading brand consultancy, had identified three areas of concern: the...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Brand Positioning; Brand Portfolio Strategy; Brand Architecture; Brand Repositioning; Target Market; Hospitality; Hotel Industry; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Service Delivery; Travel Industry; Service Industry; India; Asia
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      Avery, Jill, and Chekitan S. Dev. "The Park Hotels: Revitalizing an Iconic Indian Brand." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 517-076, January 2017.
      • October 2016 (Revised April 2018)
      • Case

      ASICS: Chasing a 2020 Vision

      By: Elie Ofek, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
      In early 2016, Motoi Oyama, president and CEO of ASICS, a major sports apparel and footwear manufacturer based in Japan, lays out his company’s growth plan for the upcoming 5 years. The new plan set ambitious goals in terms of revenue and profit increases. At the heart...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Sports Apparel; Competitive Positioning; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Retail Formats; Lifestyle Brands; Information Technology; Competition; Brands and Branding; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Digital Platforms; Product Positioning; Marketing Channels; Sports; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "ASICS: Chasing a 2020 Vision." Harvard Business School Case 517-060, October 2016. (Revised April 2018.)
      • October 2016 (Revised July 2017)
      • Case

      The Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra: Cultural Entrepreneurship

      By: Rohit Deshpande and Annelena Lobb
      The Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra (LA Phil), under the leadership of Deborah Borda, had enjoyed great successes in the 2000s and 2010s, even as other U.S. orchestras faltered. The architecturally acclaimed Walt Disney Concert Hall had opened its doors. The...  View Details
      Keywords: Product Positioning; Arts; Music Entertainment; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Growth and Maturation; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Music Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Los Angeles
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      Deshpande, Rohit, and Annelena Lobb. "The Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra: Cultural Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Case 517-006, October 2016. (Revised July 2017.)
      • August 2016 (Revised July 2017)
      • Background Note

      Brand Portfolio Strategy and Brand Architecture

      By: Jill Avery
      While companies choose to brand their products and services in many different ways, there are some central tenets that help define an optimal brand portfolio and associated brand architecture. Brand portfolio strategy involves the design, deployment, and management of...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Brand Portfolio; Brand Extension; Brand Portfolio Strategy; Brand Architecture; Consumer Behavior; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy
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      Avery, Jill. "Brand Portfolio Strategy and Brand Architecture." Harvard Business School Background Note 517-021, August 2016. (Revised July 2017.)
      • July–August 2016
      • Article

      Beyond the Holacracy Hype: The Overwrought Claims—and Actual Promise—of the Next Generation of Self-Managed Teams

      By: Ethan Bernstein, John Bunch, Niko Canner and Michael Lee
      Holacracy and other forms of self-organization have been getting a lot of press. Proponents hail them as "flat" environments that foster flexibility, engagement, productivity, and efficiency. Critics say they're naive, unrealistic experiments. We argue, using evidence...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-Managed Organizations; Self-Managed Teams; Reliability; Adaptability; Holacracy; Organization Design; Organization Structure; Organizational Charts; Organizational Architecture; Organizational Forms; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Management Systems; Managerial Roles; Human Resources; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry; Public Administration Industry; Technology Industry; North America
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      Bernstein, Ethan, John Bunch, Niko Canner, and Michael Lee. "Beyond the Holacracy Hype: The Overwrought Claims—and Actual Promise—of the Next Generation of Self-Managed Teams." Harvard Business Review 94, nos. 7-8 (July–August 2016): 38–49.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions

      By: Lyra J. Colfer and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The mirroring hypothesis predicts that organizational ties within a project, firm, or group of firms (e.g., communication, collocation, employment) will correspond to the technical patterns of dependency in the work being performed. A thorough understanding of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Innovation; Product And Process Development; Organization Design; Design Structure; Organizational Ties; Mirroring Hypothesis; Industry Architecture; Product Architecture; Complex Technical Systems; Information Technology; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Relationships; Innovation and Invention; Product Development
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      Colfer, Lyra J., and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-124, April 2016. (Revised May 2016.)
      • October 2014
      • Article

      Hidden Structure: Using Network Methods to Map System Architecture

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and John Rusnak
      In this paper, we describe an operational methodology for characterizing the architecture of complex technical systems and demonstrate its application to a large sample of software releases. Our methodology is based upon directed network graphs, which allows us to...  View Details
      Keywords: Architecture; Modularity; Dominant Designs; Complexity; Product Design; Software
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., Alan MacCormack, and John Rusnak. "Hidden Structure: Using Network Methods to Map System Architecture." Research Policy 43, no. 8 (October 2014): 1381–1397.
      • Summer 2013
      • Article

      IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property

      By: Joachim Henkel, Carliss Y. Baldwin and Willy C. Shih
      Firms seeking to take advantage of distributed innovation and outsourcing can bridge the tension between value creation and value capture by modifying the modular structure of their technical systems. Specifically, this article introduces the concept of "IP...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Distributed Innovation; Open Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Intellectual Property; Value
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      Henkel, Joachim, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and Willy C. Shih. "IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property." California Management Review 55, no. 4 (Summer 2013): 65–82.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Architecture: An Exploratory BioPharma Case

      By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and David Dreyfus
      We test a method that was designed and used previously to reveal the hidden internal architectural structure of software systems. The focus of this paper is to test if it can also uncover new facts about the components and their relationships in an enterprise...  View Details
      Keywords: Complexity; Applications and Software; Product Design; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Lagerstrom, Robert, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, and David Dreyfus. "Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Architecture: An Exploratory BioPharma Case." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-105, June 2013.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Application Architecture: An Exploratory Telecom Case

      By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and Stephan Aier
      We test a method for visualizing and measuring enterprise application architectures. The method was designed and previously used to reveal the hidden internal architectural structure of software applications. The focus of this paper is to test if it can also uncover...  View Details
      Keywords: Communication Technology; Complexity; Applications and Software; Product Design; Telecommunications Industry
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      Lagerstrom, Robert, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, and Stephan Aier. "Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Application Architecture: An Exploratory Telecom Case." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-103, June 2013.
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