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- January 2023
- Supplement
Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (B)
By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh and Christian Godwin
In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the globe, Apple and Google partnered to develop a contact tracing application that would collect information about users infected with the disease and notify those who they had been in contact with. While Apple/Google’s...
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Keywords:
Iphone;
Encryption;
Data Privacy;
Customers;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Government and Politics;
Health;
Health Pandemics;
Leadership;
Markets;
Safety;
Social Issues;
Information Technology;
Telecommunications Industry;
Technology Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Health Industry;
United States;
Europe
McGee, Henry, Nien-hê Hsieh, and Christian Godwin. "Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 323-066, January 2023.
- September 2022
- Case
Deciding When to Engage on Societal Issues
By: Hubert Joly and Amram Migdal
This case provides brief descriptions of 18 examples of corporate leaders confronting questions of whether and how to engage with societal issues, including social, political, and environmental issues. Social issues include COVID-19; social and racial justice;...
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Keywords:
Political Issues;
Social Justice;
Racial Justice;
Environmental Issues;
Social Issues;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Values and Beliefs
Joly, Hubert, and Amram Migdal. "Deciding When to Engage on Societal Issues." Harvard Business School Case 523-045, September 2022.
- September 2022 (Revised October 2022)
- Case
Data Privacy in Practice at LinkedIn
Bojinov, Iavor, Marco Iansiti, and Seth Neel. "Data Privacy in Practice at LinkedIn." Harvard Business School Case 623-024, September 2022. (Revised October 2022.)
- August 2022
- Article
The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices
By: Aaron R. Brough, David A. Norton, Shannon L. Sciarappa and Leslie K. John
Drawing from a content analysis of publicly traded companies’ privacy notices, a survey of managers, a field study, and five online experiments, this research investigates how consumers respond to privacy notices. A privacy notice, by placing legally enforceable limits...
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Keywords:
Choice;
Purchase Intent;
Privacy;
Privacy Notices;
Warnings;
Assurances;
Information Disclosure;
Trust;
Consumer Behavior;
Spending;
Decisions;
Information;
Communication
Brough, Aaron R., David A. Norton, Shannon L. Sciarappa, and Leslie K. John. "The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 59, no. 4 (August 2022): 739–754.
- June 29, 2022
- Other Article
Strategic Complexity? Using Experiments to Understand and Overcome Obfuscation
By: Michael Luca, Ginger Zhe Jin and Daniel Martin
Credit card companies must decide what product features to disclose to consumers, such as payment schedules, penalties, and fees--and also whether to present them clearly or bury them in the fine print. Firms face similar choices in settings ranging from privacy...
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Keywords:
Obfuscation;
Credit Cards;
Strategic Incentives;
Complexity;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Customers;
Consumer Behavior;
Financial Services Industry
Luca, Michael, Ginger Zhe Jin, and Daniel Martin. "Strategic Complexity? Using Experiments to Understand and Overcome Obfuscation." Management Science Review (June 29, 2022). (Summary of "Complex Disclosure," Management Science, May 2022.)
- Article
Health App Policy: International Comparison of Nine Countries' Approaches
By: Anna Essén, Ariel Dora Stern, Christoffer Bjerre Haase, Josip Car, Felix Greaves, Dragana Paparova, Steven Vandeput, Rik Wehrens and David W. Bates
An abundant and growing supply of digital health applications (apps) exists in the commercial tech-sector, which can be bewildering for clinicians, patients, and payers. A growing challenge for the health care system is therefore to facilitate the identification of...
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Keywords:
Digital Health;
Apps;
Health Care and Treatment;
Internet and the Web;
Policy;
Global Range;
Applications and Software
Essén, Anna, Ariel Dora Stern, Christoffer Bjerre Haase, Josip Car, Felix Greaves, Dragana Paparova, Steven Vandeput, Rik Wehrens, and David W. Bates. "Health App Policy: International Comparison of Nine Countries' Approaches." npj Digital Medicine 5, no. 31 (2022).
- 2022
- Chapter
Measuring Compliance Risk and the Emergence of Analytics
By: Eugene F. Soltes
Corporate compliance manages a diverse set of regulatory and reputational concerns ranging from fraud to privacy to discrimination. However, effectively managing such risks has often been hampered by a lack of adequate information about when, where, and why misconduct...
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Keywords:
Compliance;
Risk;
Analytics;
Governance Compliance;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Risk Management;
Analytics and Data Science
Soltes, Eugene F. "Measuring Compliance Risk and the Emergence of Analytics." Chap. 8 in Measuring Compliance: Assessing Corporate Crime and Misconduct Prevention, edited by Melissa Rorie and Benjamin van Rooij, 137–152. Cambridge University Press, 2022.
- Article
Adaptive Machine Unlearning
By: Varun Gupta, Christopher Jung, Seth Neel, Aaron Roth, Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi and Chris Waites
Data deletion algorithms aim to remove the influence of deleted data points from trained models at a cheaper computational cost than fully retraining those models. However, for sequences of deletions, most prior work in the non-convex setting gives valid guarantees...
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Gupta, Varun, Christopher Jung, Seth Neel, Aaron Roth, Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi, and Chris Waites. "Adaptive Machine Unlearning." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
- October 19, 2021
- Article
The Facebook Trap
By: Andy Wu
Facebook has a clear mission: Connect everyone in the world. Clarity is good, but in Facebook’s case, it has also put the company in a bind because the mission—and the company’s vision for creating value through network effects—has also become the source of its biggest...
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Keywords:
Business And Society;
Mission and Purpose;
Network Effects;
Value Creation;
Corporate Accountability;
Strategy
Wu, Andy. "The Facebook Trap." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 19, 2021).
- August 2021 (Revised April 2022)
- Case
Intenseye: Powering Workplace Health and Safety with AI
By: Michael W. Toffel and Youssef Abdel Aal
Intenseye was a Turkey-based technology startup that deployed machine learning algorithms to workplace camera feeds in order to identify unsafe worker actions and unsafe working conditions, in order to help improve worker safety. The case describes how Intenseye’s...
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Keywords:
Privacy;
Product Development;
Operations;
Technological Innovation;
Value Creation;
Production;
Distribution;
Safety;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Technology Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Distribution Industry;
Turkey;
Middle East;
United States
Toffel, Michael W., and Youssef Abdel Aal. "Intenseye: Powering Workplace Health and Safety with AI." Harvard Business School Case 622-037, August 2021. (Revised April 2022.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency
By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek
to rectify newly-disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting
and hiring practices of the firm respond in equilibrium has received...
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- 2021
- Article
To Thine Own Self Be True? Incentive Problems in Personalized Law
By: Jordan M. Barry, John William Hatfield and Scott Duke Kominers
Recent years have seen an explosion of scholarship on “personalized law.” Commentators foresee a world in which regulators armed with big data and machine learning techniques determine the optimal legal rule for every regulated party, then instantaneously disseminate...
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Keywords:
Personalized Law;
Regulation;
Regulatory Avoidance;
Regulatory Arbitrage;
Law And Economics;
Law And Technology;
Law And Artificial Intelligence;
Futurism;
Moral Hazard;
Elicitation;
Signaling;
Privacy;
Law;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Information Technology;
AI and Machine Learning
Barry, Jordan M., John William Hatfield, and Scott Duke Kominers. "To Thine Own Self Be True? Incentive Problems in Personalized Law." Art. 2. William & Mary Law Review 62, no. 3 (2021).
- April 2021
- Case
Social Media War 2021: Snap vs. Facebook vs. TikTok
By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
This case explores the competitive war between Snap, Facebook, and TikTok in 2021. The strategic focus is on Snapchat: how should it respond to the emergence of TikTok, and how should it compete with the dominant competitor in its space—Facebook. The case examines...
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Keywords:
Strategy Development;
Competitor Analysis;
Strategy;
Network Effects;
Competitive Strategy;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Social Media
Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "Social Media War 2021: Snap vs. Facebook vs. TikTok." Harvard Business School Case 721-443, April 2021.
- March 2021
- Article
The Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on Internet Interconnection
By: Ran Zhuo, Bradley Huffaker, KC Claffy and Shane Greenstein
The Internet comprises thousands of independently operated networks, where bilaterally negotiated interconnection agreements determine the flow of data between networks. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes strict restrictions on...
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Keywords:
Personal Data;
Privacy Regulation;
GDPR;
Interconnection Agreements;
Internet and the Web;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Zhuo, Ran, Bradley Huffaker, KC Claffy, and Shane Greenstein. "The Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on Internet Interconnection." Telecommunications Policy 45, no. 2 (March 2021).
- February 2021
- Case
Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (A)
By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh and Christian Godwin
In 2015, Apple CEO Tim Cook debuted the iPhone 6S with enhanced security measures that enflamed a debate on privacy and public safety around the world. The iPhone 6S, amid a heightened concern for privacy following the 2013 revelation of clandestine U.S. surveillance...
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Keywords:
Iphone;
Encryption;
Data Privacy;
Customers;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Values and Beliefs;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Government and Politics;
National Security;
Law;
Law Enforcement;
Leadership;
Markets;
Safety;
Social Issues;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Civil Society or Community;
Mobile Technology;
Technology Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Electronics Industry;
United States;
China;
Hong Kong
McGee, Henry, Nien-hê Hsieh, and Christian Godwin. "Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (A)." Harvard Business School Case 321-004, February 2021.
- January 2021 (Revised May 2021)
- Case
Amazon Shopper Panel: Paying Customers for Their Data
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This case introduces a new Amazon program that has consumers upload their receipts from transactions outside of Amazon, in exchange for money. Through the discussion, the case aims to explore issues in customers’ privacy in the digital age, the value of customers’ own...
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Keywords:
Data Analytics;
Data Privacy;
Data Management;
"Marketing Analytics";
Marketing Communication;
Marketing Research;
Data-driven Management;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Ethical Decision Making;
CRM;
Consumer Protection;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Policies;
Data Ownership;
Marketing;
Research;
Marketing Communications;
Analytics and Data Science;
Management;
Customer Relationship Management;
Ethics;
E-commerce;
Retail Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Amazon Shopper Panel: Paying Customers for Their Data." Harvard Business School Case 521-058, January 2021. (Revised May 2021.)
- Winter 2021
- Article
Dealmaking Disrupted: The Unexplored Power of Social Media in Negotiation
By: James K. Sebenius, Ben Cook, David A. Lax, Isaac Silberberg and Paul Levy
While social media has had profound effects in many realms, the theory and practice of negotiation have remained relatively untouched by this potent phenomenon. In this article, we survey existing research in this area and develop a broader framework for understanding...
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Sebenius, James K., Ben Cook, David A. Lax, Isaac Silberberg, and Paul Levy. "Dealmaking Disrupted: The Unexplored Power of Social Media in Negotiation." Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence, Technology, and Negotiation. Negotiation Journal 37, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 97–141.
- Oct 2020
- Conference Presentation
Optimal, Truthful, and Private Securities Lending
By: Emily Diana, Michael J. Kearns, Seth Neel and Aaron Leon Roth
We consider a fundamental dynamic allocation problem motivated by the problem of securities lending in financial markets, the mechanism underlying the short selling of stocks. A lender would like to distribute a finite number of identical copies of some scarce resource...
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Diana, Emily, Michael J. Kearns, Seth Neel, and Aaron Leon Roth. "Optimal, Truthful, and Private Securities Lending." Paper presented at the 1st Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) International Conference on AI in Finance (ICAIF), October 2020.
- September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Technical Note
Algorithmic Bias in Marketing
By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
This note focuses on algorithmic bias in marketing. First, it presents a variety of marketing examples in which algorithmic bias may occur. The examples are organized around the 4 P’s of marketing – promotion, price, place and product—characterizing the marketing...
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Keywords:
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Promotion;
"Marketing Analytics";
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeting;
Targeted Advertising;
Pricing Algorithms;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Marketing;
Race;
Ethnicity;
Gender;
Diversity;
Prejudice and Bias;
Marketing Communications;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Customer Relationship Management;
E-commerce;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
Israeli, Ayelet, and Eva Ascarza. "Algorithmic Bias in Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 521-020, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
- September 2020 (Revised April 2021)
- Exercise
Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The...
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Keywords:
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Experimentation;
Promotion;
"Marketing Analytics";
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analytics;
Data Analysis;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Policies;
Targeting;
Pricing Algorithms;
A/B Testing;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Base Analysis;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Coupons;
Marketing;
Race;
Gender;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Marketing Communications;
Advertising;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
E-commerce;
Analytics and Data Science;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-021, September 2020. (Revised April 2021.)