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    • All HBS Web  (361)
      • Faculty Publications  (39)

      Prescription Drug Policy Remove Prescription Drug Policy →

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      How Do Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased?

      By: Leemore S. Dafny, Kate Ho and Edward Kong
      Drug copayment coupons to reduce patient cost-sharing have become nearly ubiquitous for high-priced brand-name prescription drugs. Medicare bans such coupons on the grounds that they are kickbacks that induce utilization, but they are commonly used by...  View Details
      Keywords: Prescription Drugs; Coupons; Impact; Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Price; Spending; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Dafny, Leemore S., Kate Ho, and Edward Kong. "How Do Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29735, February 2022.
      • Article

      A Prescriptive Analytics Framework for Optimal Policy Deployment Using Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

      By: Edward McFowland III, Sandeep Gangarapu, Ravi Bapna and Tianshu Sun
      We define a prescriptive analytics framework that addresses the needs of a constrained decision-maker facing, ex ante, unknown costs and benefits of multiple policy levers. The framework is general in nature and can be deployed in any utility maximizing context, public...  View Details
      Keywords: Prescriptive Analytics; Heterogeneous Treatment Effects; Optimization; Observed Rank Utility Condition (OUR); Between-treatment Heterogeneity; Machine Learning; Decision Making; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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      McFowland III, Edward, Sandeep Gangarapu, Ravi Bapna, and Tianshu Sun. "A Prescriptive Analytics Framework for Optimal Policy Deployment Using Heterogeneous Treatment Effects." MIS Quarterly 45, no. 4 (December 2021): 1807–1832.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Do Policies to Increase Access to Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Work?

      By: Eric Barrette, Leemore S. Dafny and Karen Shen
      As of 2016 there were an estimated 2.1 million Americans suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD). To date, most policy interventions have focused on curbing opioid prescriptions and extending insurance coverage to include substance use disorder. However, relatively...  View Details
      Keywords: Opioid Treatment; Medication-assisted Treatment; Substance Use Disorder; Private Insurance; Health Care and Treatment; Health Disorders; Insurance; United States
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      Barrette, Eric, Leemore S. Dafny, and Karen Shen. "Do Policies to Increase Access to Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Work?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29001, July 2021.
      • July 2021
      • Article

      Making Medications Stick: Improving Medication Adherence by Highlighting the Personal Health Costs of Non-compliance

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Joe J. Gladstone, Dan Berry, Charlotte L. Kirkdale, Tracey Thornley and Adam D. Galinsky
      Poor compliance of prescription medication is an ongoing public health crisis. Nearly half of patients do not take their medication as prescribed, harming their own health while also increasing public health care costs. Despite these detrimental consequences, prior...  View Details
      Keywords: Prescription Drugs; Medication Adherence; Personal Health Costs; Health; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Communication Strategy
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Joe J. Gladstone, Dan Berry, Charlotte L. Kirkdale, Tracey Thornley, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Making Medications Stick: Improving Medication Adherence by Highlighting the Personal Health Costs of Non-compliance." Behavioural Public Policy 5, no. 3 (July 2021): 396–416.
      • Article

      Biosimilars and Follow-On Products in the United States: Adoption, Prices, and Users

      By: Ariel Dora Stern, Jacqueline L. Chen, Melissa Ouellet, Mark R. Trusheim, Zeid El-Kilani, Amber Jessup and Ernst R. Berndt
      Biologic drugs account for a disproportionate share of the increase in pharmaceutical spending in the U.S. and worldwide. Against this backdrop, many look to the expanding market for biosimilars—follow-on products to biologic drugs—as a vehicle for controlling...  View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; Drug Spending; Drug Pricing; Health Care and Treatment; Spending; Price; Markets; Cost Management; United States
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      Stern, Ariel Dora, Jacqueline L. Chen, Melissa Ouellet, Mark R. Trusheim, Zeid El-Kilani, Amber Jessup, and Ernst R. Berndt. "Biosimilars and Follow-On Products in the United States: Adoption, Prices, and Users." Health Affairs 40, no. 6 (June 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing

      By: Amitabh Chandra, Evan Flack and Ziad Obermeyer
      We use the design of Medicare’s prescription drug benefit program to demonstrate three facts about the health consequences of cost-sharing. First, we show that an as-if-random increase of 33.6% in out-of-pocket price (11.0 percentage points (p.p.) change in...  View Details
      Keywords: Cost-sharing; Impact; Health Care and Treatment; Insurance; Health; Consumer Behavior
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      Chandra, Amitabh, Evan Flack, and Ziad Obermeyer. "The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28439, February 2021.
      • January 2021 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      Hester Pharmaceuticals (A): A Pricing Dilemma

      By: Dante Roscini and John Masko
      In August 2019, the leadership of Hester Pharmaceuticals (Hester) had a problem. Italy promised to be a key market for their new breakthrough oncology drug Akrozumab, but for almost two years, its single-payer healthcare system had been unable to agree with Hester on a...  View Details
      Keywords: Macroeconomics; Trade; Price; Global Range; Global Strategy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Health Care and Treatment; Patents; Monopoly; Negotiation; Business and Government Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Human Needs; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Pharmaceutical Industry; Italy
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      Roscini, Dante, and John Masko. "Hester Pharmaceuticals (A): A Pricing Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 721-001, January 2021. (Revised June 2021.)
      • January 2021
      • Case

      mPharma (A)

      By: Rembrand Koning, John D. Macomber, Pippa Tubman Armerding and Wale Lawal
      mPharma pioneered electronic prescriptions in Ghana, and aimed to increase drug affordability and accessibility in Africa, but the company remained unprofitable. Following investor concerns about mPharma's business, CEO Gregory Rockson considered alternative business...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Acquisition; Health; Business Model; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Ghana
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      Koning, Rembrand, John D. Macomber, Pippa Tubman Armerding, and Wale Lawal. "mPharma (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-428, January 2021.
      • January 2021
      • Supplement

      mPharma (B)

      By: Rembrand Koning, John D. Macomber, Pippa Tubman Armerding and Wale Lawal
      mPharma pioneered electronic prescriptions in Ghana, and aimed to increase drug affordability and accessibility in Africa, but the company remained unprofitable. Following investor concerns about mPharma's business, CEO Gregory Rockson considered alternative business...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Health; Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Ghana
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      Koning, Rembrand, John D. Macomber, Pippa Tubman Armerding, and Wale Lawal. "mPharma (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-429, January 2021.
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Lessons from the Impact of Price Regulation on the Pricing of Anticancer Drugs in Germany

      By: Victoria D. Lauenroth, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Ameet Sarpatwari and Ariel Dora Stern
      Worldwide spending on prescription drugs has increased dramatically in recent years. Although this increase has been particularly pronounced in the U.S., it remains largely unaddressed there. In Europe, however, different approaches to regulating drug prices have been...  View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; Prescription Drug Costs; Drug Pricing; Access To Care; Cost Reduction; Health Care and Treatment; Price; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Cost Management; Germany
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      Lauenroth, Victoria D., Aaron S. Kesselheim, Ameet Sarpatwari, and Ariel Dora Stern. "Lessons from the Impact of Price Regulation on the Pricing of Anticancer Drugs in Germany." Health Affairs 39, no. 7 (July 2020): 1185–1193.
      • Article

      Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder Among Commercially Insured U.S. Adults, 2008–17

      By: Karen Shen, Eric Barrette and Leemore S. Dafny
      There is abundant literature on efforts to reduce opioid prescriptions and misuse, but comparatively little on the treatment provided to people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Using claims data representing 12–15 million nonelderly adults covered through commercial...  View Details
      Keywords: Opioid Treatment; Medication-assisted Treatment; Substance Use Disorder; Private Insurance; Health Disorders; Health Care and Treatment; Insurance; United States
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      Shen, Karen, Eric Barrette, and Leemore S. Dafny. "Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder Among Commercially Insured U.S. Adults, 2008–17." Health Affairs 39, no. 6 (June 2020): 993–1001.
      • Working Paper

      Rebates in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies in the U.S.

      By: Pragya Kakani, Michael Chernew and Amitabh Chandra
      Rising list prices are often used to illustrate the burden of prescription drug spending, but payers routinely negotiate rebates from manufacturers that generate differences between list and net prices. List prices are easily available and affect patient cost-sharing,...  View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; Rebates; Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Price; Analysis; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Kakani, Pragya, Michael Chernew, and Amitabh Chandra. "Rebates in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies in the U.S." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26846, March 2020.
      • 2019
      • Book

      Love Your Enemies: How Decent People Can Save America from the Culture of Contempt

      By: Arthur C. Brooks
      To get ahead today, you have to be a jerk, right?

      Divisive politicians. Screaming heads on television. Angry campus activists. Twitter trolls. Today in America, there is an “outrage industrial complex” that prospers by setting American against...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Participation; Political Culture; Moral Sensibility; Government and Politics; Society; United States
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      Brooks, Arthur C. Love Your Enemies: How Decent People Can Save America from the Culture of Contempt. New York: Broadside Books, 2019. (National bestseller.)
      • February 14, 2019
      • Other Article

      We Should Treat Algorithms like Prescription Drugs

      By: Andy Coravos, Irene Chen, Ankit Gordhandas and Ariel Dora Stern
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      Coravos, Andy, Irene Chen, Ankit Gordhandas, and Ariel Dora Stern. "We Should Treat Algorithms like Prescription Drugs." Quartz (February 14, 2019).
      • August 2018
      • Article

      The Impact of the Entry of Biosimilars: Evidence from Europe

      By: Fiona M. Scott Morton, Ariel Dora Stern and Scott Stern
      Biologics represent a substantial and growing share of the U.S. drug market. Traditional “small molecule” generics quickly erode the price and share of the branded product upon entry; however, only a few biosimilars have been approved in the U.S. since 2015, thereby...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Biosimilars; Biologics; Pharmaceutical Competition; Healthcare Spending; Innovation; Health Care and Treatment; Spending; Market Entry and Exit; Competition; Innovation and Invention; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States; Europe
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      Scott Morton, Fiona M., Ariel Dora Stern, and Scott Stern. "The Impact of the Entry of Biosimilars: Evidence from Europe." Review of Industrial Organization 53, no. 1 (August 2018): 173–210.
      • January 2018
      • Supplement

      BeiGene Supplemental PowerPoint

      By: Willy C. Shih and Jimmy Zhang
      BeiGene was a biopharmaceutical company founded on exploiting a temporal regulatory policy discontinuity. Because of regulatory challenges in China, most innovative new drugs launched there four to six years after their initial U.S. launches. This gave BeiGene a window...  View Details
      Keywords: Biotechnology; Pharmaceutical Company; Pharmaceuticals; China; Regulatory Environment; Business Strategy; Innovation Strategy; Situation or Environment; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; China
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      Shih, Willy C., and Jimmy Zhang. "BeiGene Supplemental PowerPoint." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 618-043, January 2018.
      • January 2018 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      ZappRx

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Olivia Hull
      In October 2015, ZappRx founder Zoe Barry is deciding between two business models for her health technology start-up. Her product, a software application that aims to expedite the prescription fulfillment process for patients with rare diseases, has attracted interest...  View Details
      Keywords: Speciality Drugs; Hub Services; Pivot; Speciality Prescriptions; Health Care and Treatment; Customization and Personalization; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Decision Choices and Conditions; Pharmaceutical Industry; Massachusetts
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Olivia Hull. "ZappRx." Harvard Business School Case 818-001, January 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • November 2017
      • Case

      BeiGene

      By: Willy Shih and Jimmy Zhang
      BeiGene was a biopharmaceutical company founded on exploiting a temporal regulatory policy discontinuity. Because of regulatory challenges in China, most innovative new drugs launched there four to six years after their initial U.S. launches. This gave BeiGene a window...  View Details
      Keywords: Biotechnology; Pharmaceutical Company; Pharmaceuticals; China; Regulatory Environment; Business Strategy; Business Startups; Innovation Strategy; Situation or Environment; Pharmaceutical Industry; China
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      Shih, Willy, and Jimmy Zhang. "BeiGene." Harvard Business School Case 618-033, November 2017.
      • April 2017
      • Supplement

      Imprimis (B)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Marc Appel
      This case is a supplement to Imprimis (A). It describes the company’s decision to enter into the pharmaceutical compounding business in 2013–2014. Imprimis purchased a compounded ophthalmological medication called Dropless Therapy, which was injected into patients’...  View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Drug Compounding; Drug Development; Pharmaceuticals; Small Business; Decision-making, Business Model; Mark Baum; Imprimis; Decision Making; Strategy; Health Care and Treatment; Policy; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karen Elterman, and Marc Appel. "Imprimis (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-496, April 2017.
      • Article

      Undermining Value-Based Purchasing — Lessons from the Pharmaceutical Industry

      By: Leemore S. Dafny, Christopher Ody and Matt Schmitt
      The analogy between value-based purchasing in pharmaceuticals and the new frontier of alternative payment models for health care providers is relatively straightforward. Insurers are increasingly demanding steep discounts from providers in exchange for inclusion in...  View Details
      Keywords: Drug Copayment Coupons; Prescription Drug Policy; Health Care and Treatment; Insurance; Cost; Policy; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Dafny, Leemore S., Christopher Ody, and Matt Schmitt. "Undermining Value-Based Purchasing — Lessons from the Pharmaceutical Industry." New England Journal of Medicine 375, no. 21 (November 24, 2016): 2013–2015.
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