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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (293)

      Prejudice and Bias Remove Prejudice and Bias →

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      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Black Ownership Matters: Does Revealing Race Increase Demand for Minority-Owned Businesses?

      By: Abhay Aneja, Michael Luca and Oren Reshef
      Is there consumer demand to support Black-owned businesses? To explore, we investigate the impact of a new feature on a large online platform that made the race of a set of Black business owners salient to customers. We find that this feature substantially increased...  View Details
      Keywords: Black-owned Businesses; Race; Prejudice and Bias; Ownership; Knowledge Dissemination; Digital Platforms; Consumer Behavior; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Aneja, Abhay, Michael Luca, and Oren Reshef. "Black Ownership Matters: Does Revealing Race Increase Demand for Minority-Owned Businesses?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-042, January 2023.
      • January 2023
      • Article

      Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights

      By: Alvaro Calderon, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
      Between 1940 and 1970, more than 4 million African Americans moved from the South to the North of the United States, during the Second Great Migration. This same period witnessed the struggle and eventual success of the civil rights movement in ending institutionalized...  View Details
      Keywords: Civil Rights; Great Migration; History; Race; Rights; Prejudice and Bias; Government Legislation
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      Calderon, Alvaro, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights." Review of Economic Studies 90, no. 1 (January 2023): 165–200. (Available also from VOX, Broadstreet, and VOX EU.)
      • December 2022
      • Article

      Competition, Contracts, and Creativity: Evidence from Novel Writing in a Platform Market

      By: Yanhui Wu and Feng Zhu
      A growing number of people today are participating in the gig economy, working as independent contractors on short-term projects. We study the effects of competition on gig workers' effort and creativity on a Chinese novel-writing platform. Authors produce and sell...  View Details
      Keywords: Gig Workers; Platform-based Markets; Novel Writing; Creative Production; Platform Bias; Employment; Digital Platforms; Creativity; Books; Competition; Contracts
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      Wu, Yanhui, and Feng Zhu. "Competition, Contracts, and Creativity: Evidence from Novel Writing in a Platform Market." Management Science 68, no. 12 (December 2022): 8613–8634.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Improving Human-Algorithm Collaboration: Causes and Mitigation of Over- and Under-Adherence

      By: Maya Balakrishnan, Kris Ferreira and Jordan Tong
      Even if algorithms make better predictions than humans on average, humans may sometimes have “private” information which an algorithm does not have access to that can improve performance. How can we help humans effectively use and adjust recommendations made by...  View Details
      Keywords: Cognitive Biases; Algorithm Transparency; Forecasting and Prediction; Behavior; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Cognition and Thinking
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      Balakrishnan, Maya, Kris Ferreira, and Jordan Tong. "Improving Human-Algorithm Collaboration: Causes and Mitigation of Over- and Under-Adherence." Working Paper, December 2022.
      • November 2022
      • Technical Note

      Leader Action Orientations

      By: Ryan Raffaelli, Akshaya Varghese and Laura Weimer
      Leaders are responsible for planning and executing actions that advance organizational goals. As individuals gain career experience, they tend to develop and rely on implicit mental models that shape how they go about “getting things done.” Without knowing it, most...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Development; Prejudice and Bias; Cognition and Thinking; Decision Making; Behavior
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      Raffaelli, Ryan, Akshaya Varghese, and Laura Weimer. "Leader Action Orientations." Harvard Business School Technical Note 423-050, November 2022.
      • November 11, 2022
      • Editorial

      Finally Companies Have to Be Upfront about Job Pay Ranges

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter
      The significance of pay transparency laws is their role in moving American workplaces away from bias and closer to equal opportunity.  View Details
      Keywords: Pay; Salary; Pay Gap; Transparency; Wages; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Equality and Inequality
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. "Finally Companies Have to Be Upfront about Job Pay Ranges." CNN.com (November 11, 2022). (Opinion.)
      • November 2022
      • Article

      Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank

      By: Mina Cikara, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
      People are on the move in unprecedented numbers within and between countries. How does demographic change affect local intergroup dynamics? In complement to accounts that emphasize stereotypical features of groups as determinants of their treatment, we propose the...  View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice; Minority; Hate Crimes; Reference Dependence; Prejudice and Bias; Attitudes; Demographics
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      Cikara, Mina, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank." Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 11 (November 2022): 1537–1544. (Pre-Published online August 8, 2022, Featured in HBS Working Knowledge and ABC News.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      When Less Is More: Using Short-term Signals to Overcome Systematic Bias in Long-run Targeting

      By: Ta-Wei Huang and Eva Ascarza
      Firms are increasingly interested in developing targeted interventions for customers with the best response. Doing so requires firms to identify differences in customer sensitivity, which they often obtain using uplift modeling (i.e., heterogeneous treatment effect...  View Details
      Keywords: Long-run Targeting; Heterogeneous Treatment Effect; Statistical Surrogacy; Customer Churn; Field Experiments; Consumer Behavior; Customer Focus and Relationships; AI and Machine Learning; Marketing
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      Huang, Ta-Wei, and Eva Ascarza. "When Less Is More: Using Short-term Signals to Overcome Systematic Bias in Long-run Targeting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-023, October 2022.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Colette Phillips and GetKonnected!: Creating Inclusive Ecosystems

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Amy Chiu and Joyce Kim
      GetKonnected! began in 2008 as a bimonthly networking and evolved into five initiatives in 2020-2021: GK! Network, GK Fund, GK Market, GK! Execu-Search, and GK! Job Hub. Each tackled an aspect of economic equity; “twin pandemics” of COVID-19 and systemic racism had...  View Details
      Keywords: Diversity; Ecosystem; Inclusion; People Of Color; Network; Racial Bias; Gender Bias; Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Entrepreneur; Change; Change Barriers; Change Leadership; Community; Innovation; Pandemic; Impact; Systemic Racism; Minority-owned Businesses; Social and Collaborative Networks; Equity; Race; Small Business; Prejudice and Bias; Boston
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Amy Chiu, and Joyce Kim. "Colette Phillips and GetKonnected!: Creating Inclusive Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Case 323-035, October 2022.
      • October 10, 2022
      • Article

      Ensuring Your Products Aren’t Used for Discrimination

      By: Michael Luca, Elizaveta Pronkina and Michaelangelo Rossi
      Discrimination is both a societal and a business issue. And, the extent to which discrimination is allowed to affect a company is a decision that is made by business leaders. Fortunately, there is a growing toolkit for leaders who want to create a more inclusive...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Issues; Leading Change; Prejudice and Bias
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      Luca, Michael, Elizaveta Pronkina, and Michaelangelo Rossi. "Ensuring Your Products Aren’t Used for Discrimination." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 10, 2022).
      • August 13, 2022
      • Article

      A Historic Opportunity for Universal Health Coverage in India

      By: Vikram Patel, Shubhangi Bhadada, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Arnab Mukherji, Tarun Khanna and Gagandeep Kang
      The milestone of India's 75th anniversary of independence on Aug 15, 2022, offers an opportunity to reassert the country's commitment to realising universal health coverage (UHC). The first such effort predates independence, with the 1946 Bhore Committee report....  View Details
      Keywords: Universal Health Coverage; COVID-19 Pandemic; Health Care and Treatment; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Health Industry; India
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      Patel, Vikram, Shubhangi Bhadada, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Arnab Mukherji, Tarun Khanna, and Gagandeep Kang. "A Historic Opportunity for Universal Health Coverage in India." Lancet 400, no. 10351 (August 13, 2022): 475–477.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Scapegoating and Discrimination in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Airbnb

      By: Michael Luca, Elizaveta Pronkina and Michelangelo Rossi
      We present evidence that discrimination against Asian-American Airbnb users sharply increased at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a DiD approach, we find that hosts with distinctively Asian names experienced a 12 percent decline in guests relative to...  View Details
      Keywords: Discrimination; Behavioral Economics; Market Design; Health Pandemics; Prejudice and Bias; Digital Platforms; Design
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      Luca, Michael, Elizaveta Pronkina, and Michelangelo Rossi. "Scapegoating and Discrimination in Times of Crisis: Evidence from Airbnb." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-012, August 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy

      By: Joe Long, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
      This paper studies the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned Chinese immigration to the United States after 1882, across U.S. counties between 1870 and 1940. We find that the Act reduced labor supply for both the Chinese and other groups (i.e., white and...  View Details
      Keywords: Immigration; Growth; Productivity; Business History; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Business and Government Relations; Prejudice and Bias; Government Legislation; United States
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      Long, Joe, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian, and Marco Tabellini. "The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-008, March 2022.
      • August, 2022
      • Article

      Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the U.S.

      By: Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
      How do social group boundaries evolve? Does the appearance of a new outgroup change the ingroup's perceptions of other outgroups? We introduce a conceptual framework of context-dependent categorization, in which exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of...  View Details
      Keywords: In-group-out-group Relations; Ingroup-outgroup Relations; Immigration; Race; Relationships; United States
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      Fouka, Vasiliki, and Marco Tabellini. "Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the U.S." American Political Science Review 116, no. 3 (August, 2022): 968–984. (Featured in the Boston Globe, Washington Post, and HBS Working Knowledge.)
      • 2022
      • Article

      Fairness via Explanation Quality: Evaluating Disparities in the Quality of Post hoc Explanations

      By: Jessica Dai, Sohini Upadhyay, Ulrich Aivodji, Stephen Bach and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      As post hoc explanation methods are increasingly being leveraged to explain complex models in high-stakes settings, it becomes critical to ensure that the quality of the resulting explanations is consistently high across all subgroups of a population. For instance, it...  View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Mathematical Methods; Research; Analytics and Data Science
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      Dai, Jessica, Sohini Upadhyay, Ulrich Aivodji, Stephen Bach, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Fairness via Explanation Quality: Evaluating Disparities in the Quality of Post hoc Explanations." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (2022): 203–214.
      • July 2022
      • Case

      A Soul and a Service: North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance

      By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
      The North Carolina Mutual and Provident Association (the Mutual) was founded in 1898 as a for-profit entity selling life insurance catering to the Black community. The Mutual was entering a field crowded with established White-owned competitors that largely refused to...  View Details
      Keywords: Black Entrepreneurs; Insurance; History; Race; Prejudice and Bias; Entrepreneurship; Decision Choices and Conditions; Growth and Development Strategy; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "A Soul and a Service: North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance." Harvard Business School Case 823-032, July 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Confidence, Self-Selection and Bias in the Aggregate

      By: Benjamin Enke, Thomas Graeber and Ryan Oprea
      The influence of behavioral biases on aggregate outcomes like prices and allocations depends in part on self-selection: whether rational people opt more strongly into aggregate interactions than biased individuals. We conduct a series of betting market, auction and...  View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Cognition and Thinking; Markets; Price
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      Enke, Benjamin, Thomas Graeber, and Ryan Oprea. "Confidence, Self-Selection and Bias in the Aggregate." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30262, July 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good

      By: Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang and Max Bazerman
      In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls employed the ‘veil of Ignorance’ as a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial thinking. By imagining the choices of decision-makers who are blind to biasing information, one might see more clearly the organizing...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Judgments; Prejudice and Bias; Decision Making
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      Greene, Joshua D., Karen Huang, and Max Bazerman. "Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good." Chap. 15 in The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology, edited by Manuel Vargas and John M. Doris, 246–261. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022.
      • June 18, 2022
      • Article

      In Defense of Online Anonymity

      By: Michael Luca
      Lack of transparency on the internet may help fuel toxic dialogue, but it also encourages honest feedback and protects people against discrimination  View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; Anonymity; Honesty; Social Media; Prejudice and Bias
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      Luca, Michael. "In Defense of Online Anonymity." Wall Street Journal (June 18, 2022).
      • June 2022
      • Article

      Conservatism Gets Funded? A Field Experiment on the Role of Negative Information in Novel Project Evaluation

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Misha Teplitskiy, Gary Gray, Hardeep Ranu, Michael Menietti, Eva C. Guinan and Karim R. Lakhani
      The evaluation and selection of novel projects lies at the heart of scientific and technological innovation, and yet there are persistent concerns about bias, such as conservatism. This paper investigates the role that the format of evaluation, specifically information...  View Details
      Keywords: Project Evaluation; Innovation; Knowledge Frontier; Information Sharing; Negativity Bias; Projects; Innovation and Invention; Information; Knowledge Sharing
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Misha Teplitskiy, Gary Gray, Hardeep Ranu, Michael Menietti, Eva C. Guinan, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Conservatism Gets Funded? A Field Experiment on the Role of Negative Information in Novel Project Evaluation." Management Science 68, no. 6 (June 2022): 4478–4495.
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