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- 2022
- Article
Indonesia and the Third Indochina War: The End of Containment
By: Mattias Fibiger
The Third Indochina War called forth dramatic changes in the international relations of Southeast Asia. Foremost among these changes was a shift in the geopolitical orientation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The organization’s founders...
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- 2022
- Chapter
State-Formation, Statist Islam, and Regime Instability: Evidence from Turkey
By: Kristin Fabbe
Religion, and particularly the forces of political Islam and state secularism, have been central to discussions of regime stability in the Turkish case. Intense polarization, political instability, and military interventions have propelled Turkey into crisis about once...
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- 2022
- Book
Ripe for Revolution: Building Socialism in the Third World
By: Jeremy Friedman
A historical account of ideology in the Global South as the postwar laboratory of socialism, its legacy following the Cold War, and the continuing influence of socialist ideas worldwide.
In the first decades after World War II, many newly independent... View Details
In the first decades after World War II, many newly independent... View Details
- January 23, 2020
- Article
Sanctions and the End of Trans-Atlanticism: Iran, Russia, and the Unintended Division of the West
By: Rawi Abdelal and Aurélie Bros
Sanctions have become the dominant tool of statecraft in the United States and other Western states, especially the European Union, since the end of the Cold War. But the systematic use of this instrument may produce unintended and somewhat paradoxical geopolitical...
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Keywords:
Geopolitics;
Economic Sanctions;
International Relations;
United States;
Russia;
Iran;
Europe
- 2020
- Chapter
Business, Ethics and Institutions. The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in a Comparative Perspective
By: Asli M. Colpan and Geoffrey Jones
This chapter offers a survey of the evolution of Turkish capitalism from the 19th century Ottoman Empire until the present day. It shows that Turkish business over the last century and a half was shaped in an institutional context similar to those in many developing...
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- 2020
- Chapter
Islamic Capitalism and the Rise of Religious-Conservative Big Business
By: Kristin Fabbe, Űmit Őzlale and Efe Murat Balikçioğlu
This chapter argues that the rise of “Islamic capitalism” and the country’s so-called “conservative bourgeoisie” owes much to the pragmatism and agility of Islamic actors who are quick to seize upon new economic and political opportunities by leveraging religious...
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- 2019
- Chapter
Political Islam
By: Kristin Fabbe and Efe M. Balıkçıoğlu
The Routledge Handbook of Turkish Politics pulls together contributions from many of the world’s leading scholars on different aspects of Turkey. Turkey today is going through possibly the most turbulent period in its history, with major consequences both...
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- November 2018 (Revised April 2019)
- Technical Note
Saudi Arabia: A Brief Background
By: Kristin Fabbe, Natalie Kindred and Safwan Al-Amin
This note provides a brief overview of the history of Saudi Arabia as well as the economic and political context in 2018. The note is an essential supplement to the case “Almarai Company: Milk and Modernization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,” HBS No. 719-020, but is...
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Keywords:
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia;
Public Policy;
Economic Development;
Monarchy;
Islam;
Gulf;
GCC;
Business And Government;
Vision 2030;
National Strategy;
Economic Diversification;
OPEC;
Oil;
Energy Policy;
Strategy;
Government and Politics;
Policy;
Diversification;
Economy;
Energy;
History;
Saudi Arabia;
Middle East
- Spring 2018
- Article
The Enemy of My Enemy: The Soviet Union, East Germany, and the Iranian Tudeh Party's Support for Ayatollah Khomeini
By: Jeremy Friedman
This article examines the strategy of the Iranian Tudeh Party in concert with its Soviet and East German patrons and allies during and after the Iranian revolution of 1979. The article assesses the thinking behind the Tudeh’s strategy of unwavering support for...
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- May 2004 (Revised November 2005)
- Case
Turkey: Securing Stability in a Rough Neighborhood
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Emily Thompson
After suffering years of volatility and crises, Turkey desperately sought macroeconomic and political stability in an ever-worsening region of the world. In the short term, Turkey had to repay its debt, which amounted to more than 80% of GDP. By January 2004, Turkey...
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- March 2002 (Revised March 2008)
- Case
Saudi Arabia: Getting the House in Order
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Rebecca Evans
Provides a vehicle to explore Islamic development and political issues within BGIE (business, government, and international economy). Set in early 2002, the case focuses on Crown Prince Abdullah's efforts to liberalize a failing rentier state, that had been dependent...
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- 2022
- Chapter
When Fifth Columns Fall: Religious Groups and Loyalty-Signaling in Erdoğan's Turkey
By: Kristin Fabbe and Efe Murat Balıkçıoğlu
This chapter investigates the role that fifth-column claims play in authoritarian politics. Specifically, it examines how fifth-column claims against the Gülen Movement have transformed the relationship between the Turkish state and both official (state-sanctioned)...
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Keywords:
Fifth Columns;
Gülen Movement;
Political Islam;
Government and Politics;
Religion;
Turkey